Investigation of thin n-in-p planar pixel modules for the ATLAS upgrade

In view of the High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), planned to start around 2023-2025, the ATLAS experiment will undergo a replacement of the Inner Detector. A higher luminosity will imply higher irradiation levels and hence will demand more ra- diation hardness especially in the inner layers of the pixel system. The n-in-p silicon technology is a promising candidate to instrument this region, also thanks to its cost-effectiveness because it only requires a single sided processing in contrast to the n-in-n pixel technology presently employed in the LHC experiments. In addition, thin sensors were found to ensure radiation hardness at high fluences. An overview is given of recent results obtained with not irradiated and irradiated n-in-p planar pixel modules. The focus will be on n-in-p planar pixel sensors with an active thickness of 100 and 150 um recently produced at ADVACAM. To maximize the active area of the sensors, slim and active edges are implemented. The performance of these modules is investigated at beam tests and the results on edge efficiency will be shown

Overeducation and hourly wages in the UK labour market; 2006 to 2017

In 2017, around 16% of all those in employment aged 16 to 64 years were overeducated (had more education than required for their job); the corresponding figure for graduates (with first degree or equivalent) was around 31%. In 2017, 21.7% of those who graduated before 1992 were overeducated, whereas the corresponding figure for those who graduated in 2007 or later was 34.2%. There is a wage penalty associated with overeducation, although overeducated employees earn positive return on wages, this is significantly lower compared with those who are matched to their jobs. In 2017, the overeducation rate was similar for women and for men, however the wage penalty for overeducation was somewhat higher for men than for women; this suggests that overeducation does not contribute to gender pay gap. Recent graduates experience lower pay penalty on overeducation compared with non-recent graduate

Interplay between mesoscopic phase separation and bulk magnetism in the layered NaxCoO2

Specific heat of the layered NaxCoO2 (x=0.65, 0.70 and 0.75) oxides has been measured in the temperature range of 3-360 K and magnetic field of 0 and 9 T. The analysis of data, assuming the combined effect of inter-layer superexchange and the phase separation into mesoscopic magnetic domains with localized spins embedded in a matrix with itinerant electronic character, suggests that the dominant contribution to the specific heat in the region of short-range ordering is mediated by quasi-2D antiferromagnetic clusters, perpendicular to the CoO2 layers

A symbolic data-driven technique based on evolutionary polynomial regression

This paper describes a new hybrid regression method that combines the best features of conventional numerical regression techniques with the genetic programming symbolic regression technique. The key idea is to employ an evolutionary computing methodology to search for a model of the system/process being modelled and to employ parameter estimation to obtain constants using least squares. The new technique, termed Evolutionary Polynomial Regression (EPR) overcomes shortcomings in the GP process, such as computational performance; number of evolutionary parameters to tune and complexity of the symbolic models. Similarly, it alleviates issues arising from numerical regression, including difficulties in using physical insight and over-fitting problems. This paper demonstrates that EPR is good, both in interpolating data and in scientific knowledge discovery. As an illustration, EPR is used to identify polynomial formulæ with progressively increasing levels of noise, to interpolate the Colebrook-White formula for a pipe resistance coefficient and to discover a formula for a resistance coefficient from experimental data

Estimating the value of service exports by destination from different parts of Great Britain: 2015

This is the first time we are publishing service export figures by country of destination for countries, regions and industries in Great Britain; our analysis includes around 45% of total service exports and excludes finance, travel and transport because of data limitations. London dominated the absolute value of service exports to the EU, contributing 42% of the total EU exports (around £15.6 billion) in 2015. The EU market was more significant for service exports from the North East and West Midlands compared with London and the North West. In the North East, half of total service exports went to the EU, whereas this figure is only one-quarter for the North West. Real estate, professional, scientific and technical industries were the largest exporters of services, followed by information and communication industries, then services connected to manufacturing, generating 35%, 29% and 15% of the total service exports respectively. Of all Great Britain service exports in 2015, 10% went to the Commonwealth (around £9.8 billion), and London generated almost half of those exports (around £4.6 billion). Of Asian markets, Japan was the single largest destination for service exports from London and the East (receiving about £0.8 billion and £0.2 billion respectively), while the single largest Asian destination from Yorkshire and The Humber, Wales and the South West was Saudi Arabia

Rain Gauge and Radar Rainfall Information for Urban Flash Flood Analysis

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchive

An <i>in vivo cis</i>-Regulatory Screen at the Type 2 Diabetes Associated <i>TCF7L2</i> Locus Identifies Multiple Tissue-Specific Enhancers

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have repeatedly shown an association between non-coding variants in the TCF7L2 locus and risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D), implicating a role for cis-regulatory variation within this locus in disease etiology. Supporting this hypothesis, we previously localized complex regulatory activity to the TCF7L2 T2D-associated interval using an in vivo bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) enhancer-trapping reporter strategy. To follow-up on this broad initial survey of the TCF7L2 regulatory landscape, we performed a fine-mapping enhancer scan using in vivo mouse transgenic reporter assays. We functionally interrogated approximately 50% of the sequences within the T2D-associated interval, utilizing sequence conservation within this 92-kb interval to determine the regulatory potential of all evolutionary conserved sequences that exhibited conservation to the non-eutherian mammal opossum. Included in this study was a detailed functional interrogation of sequences spanning both protective and risk alleles of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7903146, which has exhibited allele-specific enhancer function in pancreatic beta cells. Using these assays, we identified nine segments regulating various aspects of the TCF7L2 expression profile and that constitute nearly 70% of the sequences tested. These results highlight the regulatory complexity of this interval and support the notion that a TCF7L2 cis-regulatory disruption leads to T2D predisposition.</p