Genetska varijabilnost proteina krvi kod Cigaje u Jugoslaviji

The Tsigai sheep is an autochthonous breed traditionally reared in Vojvodina. With the aim to describe some electrophoretic variants of genetic markers in the blood of Tsigai sheep the biochemical variations of eight protein systems: hemoglobin (Hb), X- protein (X), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (NP), carbonic anhydrase (CA), NADH-diaphorase (Dia), transferrin (Tf), arylesterase, (EsA) and albumin (Alb) were evaluated. The characteristic gene frequencies of the tested systems were established as follows: HbA and HbB (0.08 and 0.921X+ and X- (0.98 and 0.02); NP4 and NP1- (0.51 and 0.491 CAS and CAF (0.98 and 0.02), DiaF and Dias (0.66 and 0.34); TfA, TfB, TfC, TfD and TfE (0.19, 0.14, 0.20, 0.40 and 0.07); EsA and EsA- (0.38 and 0.62), respectively. Only one type of albumin was revealed in the tested population of Tsigai.Cigaja je domaća rasa ovaca koja se tradicionalno uzgaja u Vojvodini. U ovom radu je opisana genetska varijabilnost osam polimorfnih markera u krvi: hemoglobina (Hb), X proteina (X), purin nukleozid fosforilaze (NP), karboan-hidraze (CA), NADH-diaforaze (Dia), transferina (Tf), arilesteraze (EsA) i albumina. Karakteristična frekvenca gena hemoglobina je iznosila HbA: 0.08 i HbB: 0.92, a X proteina X+: 0.98, X-:0.02. U okviru NP sistema, utvrđena su dva gena: NPH i NPL sa frekvencom 0.51 i 0.49, po redosledu; a dva gena CAS i CAF , frekvence 0.98 i 0.02. Kod cigaje je NADH diaforaza pod kontrolom dva alelna gena: Dia : 0.66 i Dia :0.34, a u okviru transferinskog sistema se distribuira pet gena TfA TfB, Tfc, TfD i TfE , sa frekvencom 0.19, 0.14, 0.20, 0.40 i 0.07, po redosledu. U sistemu esteraze su utvrđena dva alela EsA+ (0.38) i EsA- (0.62). Kod ispitane populacije ustanovljen je samo jedan tip albumina. Genetska karakterizacija cigaje u Jugoslaviji pokazuje veliku sličnost sa populacijama u susednim zemljama

Efficient Development of Green Emulsifier/Emollient-Based Emulsion Vehicles: From RSM Optimal Experimental Design to Abridged In Vivo Assessment

Since natural-origin, sustainable ingredients are preferred by modern consumers, novel emulsifiers and emollients keep entering the market. This study hypothesizes that a combination of in silico, instrumental tools and simplified sensory studies could be used to efficiently characterize emulsions in a shorter timeframe. A total of 22 rather simple o/w emulsions were prepared by a time/energy-saving emulsification process. A natural mixed emulsifier (Lauryl Glucoside/Myristyl Glucoside/Polyglyceryl-6 Laurate) and two emollients (both with INCI name C15–19 Alkane) were used. The performed D-optimal experimental design within the response surface method (RSM) significantly narrowed down the number of samples about to enter the stage of texture, friction and sensory studies to the samples comprising 30% of a respective Emogreen emollient and 2% or 3% of the emulsifier. The sample comprising 2% emulsifier/30% Emogreen® L15 showed significantly higher firmness (42.12 mN) when compared to the one with 2% emulsifier/30% Emogreen® L19 (33.62 mN), which was somewhat unexpected considering the emollients’ inherent viscosity values (4.5 mPa·s for L15 and 9 mPa·s for L19). The sample with 2% emulsifier/30% Emogreen® L19 managed to maintain the lowest friction, while the one with 3% emulsifier/30% Emogreen® L19 released its full lubricating potential in the second part of the measurement (30–60 s). The obtained results revealed the strengths and weaknesses of each formulation, narrowing down their possible applications in the early development stage

Variability of albumin in blood serum as a possible reflection of evolutional influence of diluvial horses on population of native mountain horse in Serbia

Native mountain horse is an autochthonous ungulata with a domicile extending to the whole mountaneous region of Serbia, south of the Sava and Danube rivers. Along with native horses of other Balkan countries it is classified as Mediterranean pony, but unlike Balkan horses such as Skiros, Pinea, Pindos, Karakachan, Bosnian mountineous horse etc., mountineous horses in Serbia neither have been morphologically described nor were of concern to the scientific community till the end of the twentieth century. Investigations of albumin polymorphism in blood serum of native mountain horse were taken within a comprehensive reserch on morphologic, physiologic and genetic structure of this autochtonous ungulata breed. On the basis of the results obtained by electrophoretic separation of albumine types in native mountaneous horse blood serum, there were determined four albumine phenotypes: AA, AB, BB and BI which are inherited by three autosomal alleles AlA, Alb, All . The appearance of All allele in native mountaneous horse population points out to diluvial forest horse impact on process of microevolution of autochtonous native mountaneous horse. Occidental- specific albumin isoforms presence indicate the necessity of thorough study of evolution position and historic influence of different ancestors, and especially occidental horses on native mountain horse population in Serbia

Biodiverzitet i tradicionalni način ispaše ovaca u Južnobanatskom regionu

In this paper the capacity for reintroduction of traditional sheep breeds as key resources for biodiversity conservation systems in HNV farming system of the South Banat region was analyzed. Taking the vulnerability of the ecosystem into consideration when creating the optimal grazing system based on traditional rearing breeds, can contribute to the protection of biodiversity in the South Banat region. The representatives of Fabaceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae and Apiaceae family were described. Basic nutritive components of pasture and mixed hay: crude moisture, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude cellulose, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorous (P), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) were measured. Botanical analysis has confirmed the presence of plant diversity, as well as the nutritive value of sheep pastures. Chemical analyses of samples pointed out that the levels of crude proteins, cellulose, fats, macro and trace elements are sufficient to satisfy the requirements of low input sheep farming system and therefore can be considered a solid base for reintroduction of autochthonous sheep breeds in the peripheral parts of the Deliblato Sands area.Imajući u vidu osetljivost ekosistema, primena izbalansirane ispaše, bazirana na gajenju autohtonih rasa ovaca mogla bi da doprinese očuvanju biodiverziteta. U ovom radu ispitivane su mogućnosti za reintrodukciju tradicionalnih rasa ovaca, kao ključnog resursa za zaštitu biodiverziteta u okviru poljoprivrednih sistema visoke prirodne vrednosti južnobanatskog regiona. U tom cilju ispitivan je botanički sastav i hranljiva vrednost paše i mešanog sena sa područja južnog Banata. Utvrđeno je prisustvo familija: Fabaceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae i Apiaceae. Određen je sadržaj osnovnih hranljivih materija u mešovitom senu i paši: vlaga, pepeo, proteini, mast i celuloza. Takođe je utvrđen sadržaj Ca, Mg, P, Cu, Fe, Mn i Zn. Utvrđeni nivo štetnih materija (mikotoksina i pesticida) bio je u propisanim granicama. Botanički sastav je pokazao visok stepen diverziteta kao i visoku hranljivu vrednost biljaka, koja može u potpunosti da zadovolji potrebe ovaca u ekstenzivnom načinu gajenja i predstavlja dobru osnovu za reintrodukciju autohtonih rasa ovaca na rubnim delovima Deliblatske peščare

Proizvodnja i kvalitet mleka i mesa goveda i ovaca u uslovima održive proizvodnje

Basic principles that inform organic livestock production are reviewed in this paper, with special emphasis on milk and meat production in cattle and sheep. Research findings to date are presented on the impact of various management practices, both organic and conventional, as they effect product yield and quality. The importance of incorporating autochnochous breeds into organic milk and meat production systems is particularly emphasized. Additionally, a global overview of organic milk and meat production is given, along with an assessment of opportunities for implementing organic production systems in Serbia.U radu su prikazani osnovni principi organske proizvodnje u stočarstvu. Posebna pažnja posvećena je proizvodnji mleka i mesa goveda i ovaca. Prikazani su dosadašnji rezultati ispitivanja uticaja različitih uslova gajenja u organskoj i konvencionalnoj proizvodnji na prinos i kvalitet proizvoda. Istaknut je značaj korišćenja autohnonih rasa u organskoj proizvodnji mleka i mesa. Dat je prikaz organske proizvodnje mleka i mesa u svetu, kao i mogućnosti organizovanja organske proizvodnje u našoj zemlji

Pojava stres sindroma (PSS) i mutacije na genu za rijanodin receptor (RYR1) kod evropske divlje svinje Sus scrota ferus

Expression of the stress syndrome (PSS) in European wild pig was evaluated by Halothane test and tested animals were typed by PCR/RFLP test for C/T mutation at nt 1843 in RYR1 gene. A total of 56 animals, at the age of 5 months, weighing 20 kg average, were tested. Hal+ (MHS - malignant hyperthermia susceptible) phenotype was revealed in 6 pigs, 47 animals expressed Hal- (MHN - malignant hypedhermia resistant) phenotype, while 3 animals showed no response to administration of 3% halothane after 5 minutes and they were marked as Hair (halothane resistant) phenotypes. Genotyping of 56 wild pigs revealed that the tested population was homozygous for the normal C/C allele at RYR1 locus. The results obtained by halothane test show that expression of the PSS in wild pigs is modulated and influenced by factors other then RYR1 genotype.Pojava stres sindroma kod evropske divlje svinje ispitivana je primenom halotan testa i izvršena je genotipizacija na poziciji nukleotida 1843 u genu za rijanodin receptor (RYR1) korišćenjem PCR/restriktivnog endonukleaza testa. Testirano je ukupno 56 životinja, starosti 5 meseci i prosečne telesne mase od 20 kg. Od ukupno 56 jedinki 6 životinja je pokazalo Hal+ (MHS) fenotip, 47 jedinki je imalo Hal+ (MHN) fenotip, a tri jedinke nisu uopšte reagovale na 3% halotan ni posle 5 minuta uvođenja u narkozu i one su označene kao Hair fenotip. Genotipizacija na poziciji nukleotida 1843 u genu za rijanodin receptor pokazala je da su sve ispitivane jedinke, bez obzira na halotan status imale normalan RYR1 C/C genotip. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da se stres sindrom javlja i kod divljih svinja, mada postoji značajna modulacija pune ekspresije sindroma drugim faktorima

The quality of goat milk and hygiene management practices on farms in Vojvodina

The present work aimed to study the goat farms concerning different hygiene-sanitary and health management practice. Also, bulk tank milk of Alpine breed goats was used to investigate changes in the composition of milk during lactation on six farms in Vojvodina Region. The results showed that although 96.67% of farmers were familiar with mastitis, approximately 56.67% of farmers reported a lack of knowledge about subclinical mastitis and therefore not intensely monitoring udder health during the lactation period. Somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacteria count (TBC) were the most variable traits in our research and lactation average SCC between investigated farms showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) (a range from 1088×10³/ml to 3129×10³/ml). At the same time, TBC was found in a wider range, from 66×10³/ml to 3508×10³/ml. Further-more, SCC and TBC often did not meet the recommended quality level. Therefore, during the entire lactation period, 63% of the milk samples contained above 1.5 million SCC/ml and 37% of the samples were contained TBC above 1.5 million CFU/ ml. Results also confirmed considerable seasonal variations of goat milk composition and the milk fat was the component that most varied (cv: 33.16%). It was observed that organic in comparison to conventional milk chemical composition, was signifi-cantly different, especially in terms of protein content (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, goat dairy production could be of considerable importance in Vojvodina but dairy goat sector requires a more systemic approach, better hygiene milking conditions and implemented prevention and control programmes during the milking routine

Proučavanje procesa domestikacije u Srbiji - domestikacija goveda u neolitu

The neolithic settlement Belovode, situated between the two important centres of prehistoric culture: Vinča and Rudna Glava has been only partly investigated. In this study, the Belovode zoological collection was examined with the aim of providing data concerning the character of domesticated and transitional animals and wild ancestral forms inhabiting the Central Balkans during neolithic times. A total of 3487 animal bone fragments have been excavated at the site, so far. It was established that the bone remnants chronologically belong to the period of about 5500 - 4800 years B.C. by radiocarbon dating. Morphological comparison showed that almost 42% of the bone remnants were of bovine origin. In order to define the character of the domesticated or wild ancestors of cattle in East Serbia at that time, the bovine collection was further examined in detail. The total of 18 horns/horn bases allowed morphological comparison and morphometric analysis. The data obtained showed that two different ancestors of domesticated cattle were exploited in Belovode: Bos primigenius and Bos brachyceros. Among the archaeological findings were zoomorphic figurines including ox sculptures the shape and details of wich also indicated cattle farming activity in neolithic Belovode.Neolitsko naselje Belovode, koje se nalazi između dva značajna preistorijska kulturna centra: Vinče i Rudne Glave je do sada samo delimično istraženo. Ispitivanje paleozoološke kolekcije dobijene dosadašnjim iskopavanjem Belovoda je sprovedeno sa ciljem da se utvrdi status domestikacije tokom neolita u Srbiji i Centralnom Balkanu i opišu odomaćeni i/ili divlji preci domaćih životinja. Do sada je na nalazištu iskopano ukupno 3487 ostataka kostiju životinja. Procenjeno je da osteološki artefakti potiču iz perioda između 5 500 i 4 800 godina pre nove ere. Morfološkom analizom je utvrđeno da 42% ostataka kostiju potiče od goveda. U cilju boljeg poznavanja neolitskih predaka goveda na staništima istočne Srbije, preduzeto je istraživanje ostataka goveda metodom morfološke komparacije. Nalaz 18 rogova i baza rogova je omogućio veoma informativnu komparaciju i morfometrijske analizu. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da su u Belovodu bila zastupljena dva pretka domaćih goveda: Bos primigenius i Bos brachyceros. Arheološki nalaz zoomorfnih figurina, pre svega goveda, relnih oblika i izvajanih detalja takođe ukazuju na razvijeni uzgoj goveda u naselju Belovode

Efekat organske proizvodnje mleka na neke parametre kvaliteta mleka

In recent years there is growing interest of consumers for the consumption of organic milk, because of its favorable content of fatty acids that has a positive effect on human health. The aim of this study was to examine the content of fatty acids, vitamins A, C and α - tocopherol in milk which was obtained in different production systems, organic and conventional. The samples of conventional and organic milk were collected from farms located in Vojvodina, throughout all seasons. The prepared samples were analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and high - performance liquid chromatography. The results proved that the milk produced in accordance with the principles of organic production had a higher content of polyunsaturated and omega-3 fatty acids compared with conventional milk (p lt 0.01) during the whole examination period, while the greatest differences were perceived in the pasture season. Also, organic milk had a higher content of vitamins A, C and α - tocopherol compared with the conventionally produced milk, although there was no statistically significant difference.Poslednjih godina raste interes potrošača za konzumiranje organskog mleka, zbog povoljnijeg sadržaja masnih kiselina koje imaju pozitivan efekat na zdravlje ljudi. Cilj ovog rada je bio da se ispita sadržaj masnih kiselina, vitamina A, C i α-tokoferola u mleku koje je dobijeno u različitim sistemima proizvodnje, organskom i konvencionalnom. Uzorci konvencionalnog i organskog mleka sakupljani su na farmama u Vojvodini tokom čitave godine. Analiza uzoraka je vršena primenom metoda gasne hromatografije i tečne hromatografije. Rezultati su pokazali da je mleko proizvedeno po principima organske proizvodnje tokom celog perioda praćenja imalo veći sadržaj polinezasićenih i omega-3 masnih kiselina u odnosu na konvencionalno mleko (p lt 0,01), s tim što su najveće razlike bile u sezoni paše. Sadržaj vitamina A, C i α -tokoferola bio je veći u organskom mleku od sadržaja u mleku iz konvencionalne proizvodnje, mada nije utvrđena statistička značajnost ovih razlika

Efektivna veličina populacije buše i gatačkog govečeta: ekološki i molekularni pristup

Efektivna veličina populacije (Ne) je jedan od osnovnih parametara populacione genetike. Praćenje efektivne veličine populacije zajedno sa praćenjem genetičke varijabilnosti je veoma značajno za populaciono genetička istraživanja i ima veliku primjenu u uspostavljanju konzervacione strategije. U radu je izračunata Ne za populaciju buše sa dva lokaliteta (istočna i zapadna Hercegovina)  i populaciju gatačkog govečeta iz regije Hercegovina. Korišćene su dvije metode za računanje Ne i to: ekološka i molekularna metoda. Za ekološku metodu izračunavanja efektivne veličine populacije korišćen je broj mužjaka i ženki koje se pare. Ne prema molekularnim metodama je računata na osnovu varijacije broja ponovaka (SSMM), kao i na osnovu očekivane heterozigotnosti (IAM). Ekološka Ne je u odnosu na cenzus (N) u opsegu očekivanom za populacije goveda i kretala se od 7,5 do 18,5. Molekularna Ne prema IAM metodi se kretala od 3040 do 3947, a prema SSMM metodi se kretala od 28875 do 35196. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na značaj molekularnih metoda u ocjeni Ne kao parametra u konzervaciji autohtonih goveda