Three-Dimensional Mathematical Modeling of Dynamics Interfaces Between Aluminum, Electrolytes and Reverse Zone of Oxidized Metal Depending on the Potencial Distribution

В статье представлена новая математическая модель с высокой степенью детализации описания изучаемых процессов. Проведены расчёты электролизёра Содерберга для модельной задачи, а также расчёты для многоанодного электролизёра. Для описания гидродинамики процесса электролиза используется система уравнений Навье-Стокса. Распределение электромагнитных полей описывается системой уравнений Максвелла. Рассматривается влияние распределения потенциала по аноду на МГД-стабильность электролиза, а также даётся сравнительный анализ численных экспериментовThe mathematical model with a high detailed description of the studied processes is presented in current paper. Results of modeling Soderbergh’s reduction cell for model task and for reduction cell with multiple anodes are also presented. System of the equations of Navier-Stokes is used for modeling of hydrodynamics of process of electrolysis. Distribution of electromagnetic fields is fitted to Maxwell’s system of equations. Influence of distribution of electric potential over the anode on MHD-stability of process is considered and comparative analysis of numerical experiments is also give

Three-Dimensional Mathematical Modeling of Dynamics Interfaces Between Aluminum, Electrolytes and Reverse Zone of Oxidized Metal Depending on the Potencial Distribution

В статье представлена новая математическая модель с высокой степенью детализации описания изучаемых процессов. Проведены расчёты электролизёра Содерберга для модельной задачи, а также расчёты для многоанодного электролизёра. Для описания гидродинамики процесса электролиза используется система уравнений Навье-Стокса. Распределение электромагнитных полей описывается системой уравнений Максвелла. Рассматривается влияние распределения потенциала по аноду на МГД-стабильность электролиза, а также даётся сравнительный анализ численных экспериментовThe mathematical model with a high detailed description of the studied processes is presented in current paper. Results of modeling Soderbergh’s reduction cell for model task and for reduction cell with multiple anodes are also presented. System of the equations of Navier-Stokes is used for modeling of hydrodynamics of process of electrolysis. Distribution of electromagnetic fields is fitted to Maxwell’s system of equations. Influence of distribution of electric potential over the anode on MHD-stability of process is considered and comparative analysis of numerical experiments is also give

The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia

By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley Civilization's decline, its people mixed with individuals in the southeast to form one of the two main ancestral populations of South Asia, whose direct descendants live in southern India. Simultaneously, they mixed with descendants of Steppe pastoralists who, starting around 4000 years ago, spread via Central Asia to form the other main ancestral population. The Steppe ancestry in South Asia has the same profile as that in Bronze Age Eastern Europe, tracking a movement of people that affected both regions and that likely spread the distinctive features shared between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages.N.P. carried out this work while a fellow at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University. P.M. was supported by a Burroughs Wellcome Fund CASI award. N.N. is supported by a NIGMS (GM007753) fellowship. T.C. and A.D. were supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project 14-50-00036). T.M.S. was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 18-09-00779) “Anthropological and archaeological aspects of ethnogenesis of the population of the southern part of Western and Central Siberia in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age.” D.P., S.S., and D.L. were supported by European Research Council ERC-2011-AdG 295733 grant (Langelin). O.M. was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Education and Sciences of the Russian Federation No. 33.1907, 2017/Π4 “Traditional and innovational models of a development of ancient Volga population”. A.E. was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Education and Sciences of the Russian Federation No. 33.5494, 2017/BP “Borderlands of cultural worlds (Southern Urals from Antiquity to Early Modern period).” Radiocarbon dating work supported by the NSF Archaeometry program BCS-1460369 to D.Ken. and B.J.C. and by the NSF Archaeology program BCS-1725067 to D.Ken. K.Th. was supported by NCP fund (MLP0117) of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, New Delhi. N.Bo., A.N., and M.Z. were supported by the Max Planck Society. D.Re. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and his ancient DNA laboratory work was supported by National Science Foundation HOMINID grant BCS-1032255, by National Institutes of Health grant GM100233, by an Allen Discovery Center grant, and by grant 61220 from the John Templeton Foundation