Genetic variation of Metapenaeus affinis in Persian Gulf coastal waters using microsatellite markers

Genetic diversity of Metapenaeus affinis population from the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf (Bahrakan, Lifeh-Boosiaf) was studies using microsatellite markers. During September to October 2007, 60 samples of pleopods tissue of the shrimp were taken and genomic DNA was extracted by acetate method. PCR was performed on microsatellite primers. To measure fragment size, samples were run on an 8% polyacrylamid gel. For each microsatellite locus, using genetic software, Pop Gene and Gene Alex, allele frequency, real and expected heterozygosity, Fst and Rst and other relevant factors were measured. Of the obtained 5 paired microsatellite primers, all were polymorphic. The mean observed and effective alleles number was 7 and 3.67, respectively and also the mean observed and expected heterozygosis was 0.27 and 0.66, respectively. It was also seen that specimens from all regions were not in HardyWeinberg Equibrium in all of the loci. Based on the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) Fst, Rst and Nm were 0.107, 0.372 and 2.092, respectively. The highest genetic distance was 0.571 and the lowest was 0.561. The present study showed that two different populations of Metapenaeus affinis are living in the Bahrakan and Lifeh-Boosiaf region northwest coasts of the Persian Gulf

Temporal and spatial distribution of Thaliacea of the Urochordata around Hormuz Island, the Persian Gulf

The class Thaliacea belongs to Urochordata which branched from phylum chordata. Thaliacea have three orders: Doliolida (Cyclomyaria), Pyrosomatida and Salpida (Desmomyaria) and all are considered marine plankton, holoplankton and microphages. These animals feed by filtering water through their body. The aim of this research was to identify and study the ecological processes of the tunicates in coastal waters of the Hormuz Island in the Persian Gulf. We sampled water in an annual basis, starting from July 2007 and terminating in May 2008. Periodic sampling (Every 40 days) was applied and the use of plankton net with mesh size 300µm made it possible to collect plankton samples from four localities (south, north, east, west) of the Island each having two stations, one in the vicinity of the coastal waters and another away at about 2.5 miles. We found 4 species of Thaliacea: Doliolum denticulatum, Doliolum nationalis, Thalia democratica, Salpa cylindrica. In addition, we observed a life stage of Doliolum. The highest frequency was observed in May and in the south station. There was significant correlation between abundance of Doliolum denticulatum and its late oozoid or old nurse; and between Thalia democratica and Doliolum denticulatum

Comparing modeling of pollution in Arvand River in the dry and wet seasons

Water resources under threat of pollution such as industrial waste, fertilizers, pesticides and urban sewage that negative effects on the environment and ecosystems. Arvand River is one of the most important navigable rivers in Iran، and it’s the most traffic place for floating which don’t have any system for delivery waste materials and discharging these waste materials in water making oil pollution. In this research, modeling pollution in the Arvand River using three-dimensional and hydrodynamic model to simulate how the pollution is studied, the Navier-Stokes equations in three dimensions and equations are solved transfer salinity and water temperature separation method. Boundary conditions applied، including changes in temperature، salinity and flow rate، temperature and salinity changes and apply for open border river and tidal components O1، S2، M2 and K1 open sea in the model used for the border. In this research, modeling pollution in the Arvand River using coherence and hydrodynamic modeling to simulate how the pollution is studied. The results of modeling pollution in Arvand After running the model revealed that the pollution is pollution in the Arvand River according to location and time of release، in other words، in the Arvand River pollution from one point to another and from season to season is different، in fact، pollution is reciprocating mode. Diffusion of oil pollution in Arvand rood is depending to current. In low tide because of same side of river current is more. And in low tide because of same side of river current with low tide pollution reached to the Persian Gulf with high speed. The results shows, represent the effect of tie on diffusion pollution

Macrobenthos assemblage in the shallow- water coast’s of the south Qeshm Island, with acoustic remote sensing technique

In this study the macrobenthose assemblage and their relationship with sediment texture was investigate by acoustic remote sensing. Macrobenthse in marine sediment plays an important role in ecosystem and any fluctuation in their communities will directly affect the abundance of fishery resources in the sea. Acoustic remote sensing techniques investigate the vast seabed in rather small time interval. This survey site covers approximately 233km2. Geophysics data was derived by single beam echo sounder and differential global positioning system. The sediment texture and macrobenthose identification was done with grab sampling. The most study area is shallow and covered with mud. Dominant benthic animals were Cirratulidae, Amphionomidae and Paraonidae from Polychaetes. The sediment types have no important and significant effect on distribution and richness. Thus, in all stations with monotone sediment texture, there is similar species composition. Because of monotone geological characteristic in seafloor, macrobenthose assemblage patterns are not affected by sediment texture and grain size

Artificial Sequences and Complexity Measures

In this paper we exploit concepts of information theory to address the fundamental problem of identifying and defining the most suitable tools to extract, in a automatic and agnostic way, information from a generic string of characters. We introduce in particular a class of methods which use in a crucial way data compression techniques in order to define a measure of remoteness and distance between pairs of sequences of characters (e.g. texts) based on their relative information content. We also discuss in detail how specific features of data compression techniques could be used to introduce the notion of dictionary of a given sequence and of Artificial Text and we show how these new tools can be used for information extraction purposes. We point out the versatility and generality of our method that applies to any kind of corpora of character strings independently of the type of coding behind them. We consider as a case study linguistic motivated problems and we present results for automatic language recognition, authorship attribution and self consistent-classification.Comment: Revised version, with major changes, of previous "Data Compression approach to Information Extraction and Classification" by A. Baronchelli and V. Loreto. 15 pages; 5 figure

Edge-Cut Bounds on Network Coding Rates

Active networks are network architectures with processors that are capable of executing code carried by the packets passing through them. A critical network management concern is the optimization of such networks and tight bounds on their performance serve as useful design benchmarks. A new bound on communication rates is developed that applies to network coding, which is a promising active network application that has processors transmit packets that are general functions, for example a bit-wise XOR, of selected received packets. The bound generalizes an edge-cut bound on routing rates by progressively removing edges from the network graph and checking whether certain strengthened d -separation conditions are satisfied. The bound improves on the cut-set bound and its efficacy is demonstrated by showing that routing is rate-optimal for some commonly cited examples in the networking literature.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43451/1/10922_2005_Article_9019.pd

Antibiotic-resistance Patterns of Helicobacter pylori isolates Obtained from Patients in Kerman-2009

Abstract: Background & Aims: Based on serological studies the prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori infection in Iranian adults is up to 80%. Gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma are common clinical outcomes of this infection in Iran. Since antibiotic resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori are different geographically, local studies are highly required. Method: From April to December 2009, 63 isolates of Helicobacter pylori were obtained From 191 patients referred to the endoscopy unit of Afzalipour hospital in Kerman. Demographic features including age, gender, symptoms, … were recorded before the sampling and sensitivity to six common antibiotics used for the treatment of H.pylori infection was determined. Modified disk diffusion test was used to evaluate antibiotic resistance pattern. Data analysis was done through SPSS 16 and using Pearson chi-square test. Results: The patterns of antibiotics resistance were as below: metronidazole 55.5%, clarithromycin 30.1%, tetracycline 3.1%, amoxicillin 26.9%, ciprofloxacin 7.9% and no resistance to furazolidone was detected. While 12.7% of the isolates were susceptible to all the six antibiotics, 55.6% were resistant to one antibiotic, 25.4% to two antibiotics, 6.3% to three antibiotics and there was no resistance to more than three antibiotics at the same time. Conclusion: According to the obtained antibiotic resistance rates in this study, performing antibiogram tests before starting the treatment is necessary. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Antibiotics, Antibiotics resistanc

Analysis of Agricultural Production Cooperatives in Achieving Sustainable Development in Agriculture Sector

The objective of the present study was analysis of agricultural production cooperatives in achieving sustainable development in agriculture. The statistical population of the study consisted of active members of agricultural production cooperatives in Karaj city (N=1354). 168 individuals were selected using Cochran sampling formula. The main research instrument was a questionnaire that its validity was obtained by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α>0.7). The data were gathered at a given time in 2014. Data analysis was performed using the SPSSwin18. The results showed that components of the studied cooperatives do not have perfect knowledge regarding to sustainable development. Also, factor analysis classified the role of agricultural production cooperatives to reach sustainable development into some factors including improving the utilization system, soil conservation and restoration of the degraded agricultural lands, increasing income and economic ability of  producers, self-sufficiency and food security, enhancing the biological production and biodiversity, management of plant pests and diseases, and conservation and sustainable use of plant and animal genetic resources. Besides, obstacles of sustainable development in the agricultural sector were classified into the Socio – economic, infrastructure, natural resources – environmental and technological factors

Analysis of the third-grade curriculum for health subjects: Application of Health Education Curriculum Analysis Tool

Leila Savari,1 Maryam Shafiei,2 Hamid AllahverdiPour,1 Hossein Matlabi1 1Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Department of Educational Planning and Administration, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Purpose: Applying the Health Education Curriculum Analysis Tool (HECAT), the third-grade curriculum was assessed in accordance with health-related items.Methods: A multimethod research was used to investigate the student textbooks and three modules including healthy eating, physical activity, and safety. Based on purposive sampling, curriculum committees were made up of teachers, elementary school principals, members of the parents–teachers’ associations, and health care experts.Results: Data obtained from the group discussion were analyzed based on the conventional content analysis approach. All modules received coverage percentages of <34%. The highest mean coverage percentage belonged to the safety module (25.59%) and the lowest to healthy eating (12.78%).Conclusion: Suggested solutions were classified based on three general themes such as clarifying and determining healthy dietary behaviors and actions, educating life skills and adopting healthy diet behaviors, and finally utilizing social norms for adopting with healthy diet patterns. Keywords: module, safety, physical activity, Iran, health education, HECAT, primary schools, safety module, healthy eatin