346 research outputs found
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Kinetics of Oxidation of Heterocyclic Compounds by Quinolinium Dichromate
Quinolinium dichromate in sulfuric acid oxidized heterocyclic aldehydes (to the corresponding
acids) and heterocyclic carboxylic acids (to the corresponding hydroxy-substituted acids) in acetic acidwater
medium (vol. ratio, v(water)/v(acetic acid) = 50:50). The kinetic results supported a mechanistic
pathway proceeding via a rate-determining decomposition of the chromate ester
Kinetics of Oxidation of Heterocyclic Compounds by Quinolinium Dichromate
Quinolinium dichromate in sulfuric acid oxidized heterocyclic aldehydes (to the corresponding
acids) and heterocyclic carboxylic acids (to the corresponding hydroxy-substituted acids) in acetic acidwater
medium (vol. ratio, v(water)/v(acetic acid) = 50:50). The kinetic results supported a mechanistic
pathway proceeding via a rate-determining decomposition of the chromate ester
Love Canal Tragedy
The purpose of this environmental failure case study paper is to provide educational materials for environmental engineering courses dealing with design and operation of landfills for hazardous waste. In 1978, it was discovered that hazardous waste had contaminated homes and schools in the Love Canal area, a former chemical landfill which became a 15 acre neighborhood of the City of Niagara Falls, New York. On August 7, 1978, the United States President Jimmy Carter declared a federal emergency at the Love Canal. The Love Canal became the first man-made disaster to receive such a designation based on a variety of environmental and health related studies. Background, causes and effects of environmental failure, and remediation actions of the Love Canal superfund site are described in this paper. Lessons learned from this case study show the importance of identification of hazardous waste and the proper disposal of hazardous waste for the protection of the public health and the environment
Love Canal Tragedy
The purpose of this environmental failure case study paper is to provide educational materials for environmental engineering courses dealing with design and operation of landfills for hazardous waste. In 1978, it was discovered that hazardous waste had contaminated homes and schools in the Love Canal area, a former chemical landfill which became a 15 acre neighborhood of the City of Niagara Falls, New York. On August 7, 1978, the United States President Jimmy Carter declared a federal emergency at the Love Canal. The Love Canal became the first man-made disaster to receive such a designation based on a variety of environmental and health related studies. Background, causes and effects of environmental failure, and remediation actions of the Love Canal superfund site are described in this paper. Lessons learned from this case study show the importance of identification of hazardous waste and the proper disposal of hazardous waste for the protection of the public health and the environment
Mammary Hidradenitis Suppurativa Lesions – A Suggestion for Phenotyping
Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an under-diagnosed chronic inflammatory
skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit of apocrine gland-rich parts of the
body. The mammary area is the fourth most HS-affected area and, as typical lesions
include non-fluctuating nodules, abscesses, and tunnels/sinus tracts, mammary
HS is often mistaken for other mammary “boils”, such as sub-areolar and granulomatous
non-lactating breast abscesses. Our objective was to present a spectrum of
mammary HS lesions, explore a possible classification, and expose mammary HS as
a possible differential diagnosis to non-lactational breast abscesses.
Methods: A cross-sectional study on current and newly-referred patients treated
for HS affecting the mammary area. Anamnestic information, subjective outcome
measures, and lesion counts including anatomical location were collected. Patients
with similar morphologies were grouped, and characteristics for the groups were
investigated.
Limitations: We were not aware of the number of morphologies we would find,
and as a result the study did not have sufficient power to show significant differences
after correction for multiple testing.
Results: We found three morphologically different subtypes of mammary HS; the
Sternal, the Frictional, and the Nodule types. These groups differed in anatomical
lesion characteristics and other patient characteristics. Furthermore, we found a
fourth Mixed type – a combination of the other three.
Conclusion: Differential diagnosis between mammary HS and sub-areolar or granulomatous
non-fluctuating non-lactating breast abscess is most easily performed by
assessing the precise anatomical location of the lesion and determining if the mammary
lesion is the only lesion present or if similar lesions exist in other HS-specific ar
Mammary Hidradenitis Suppurativa Lesions – A Suggestion for Phenotyping
Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an under-diagnosed chronic inflammatory
skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit of apocrine gland-rich parts of the
body. The mammary area is the fourth most HS-affected area and, as typical lesions
include non-fluctuating nodules, abscesses, and tunnels/sinus tracts, mammary
HS is often mistaken for other mammary “boils”, such as sub-areolar and granulomatous
non-lactating breast abscesses. Our objective was to present a spectrum of
mammary HS lesions, explore a possible classification, and expose mammary HS as
a possible differential diagnosis to non-lactational breast abscesses.
Methods: A cross-sectional study on current and newly-referred patients treated
for HS affecting the mammary area. Anamnestic information, subjective outcome
measures, and lesion counts including anatomical location were collected. Patients
with similar morphologies were grouped, and characteristics for the groups were
investigated.
Limitations: We were not aware of the number of morphologies we would find,
and as a result the study did not have sufficient power to show significant differences
after correction for multiple testing.
Results: We found three morphologically different subtypes of mammary HS; the
Sternal, the Frictional, and the Nodule types. These groups differed in anatomical
lesion characteristics and other patient characteristics. Furthermore, we found a
fourth Mixed type – a combination of the other three.
Conclusion: Differential diagnosis between mammary HS and sub-areolar or granulomatous
non-fluctuating non-lactating breast abscess is most easily performed by
assessing the precise anatomical location of the lesion and determining if the mammary
lesion is the only lesion present or if similar lesions exist in other HS-specific ar
Concomitant Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Eruptive Xanthomas Presenting with Phimosis – The Importance of Timely Diagnosis
A 49-year-old man diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MetS) was referred
to us for treatment of xanthoma elements. Physical examination revealed
widespread confluent yellow firm papules on his fingers, toes, arms, legs, and back.
The diagnosis of eruptive xanthoma (EX) was clinically confirmed. During the examination
of scar tissues, tombstone comedones and an inflammatory nodule
was noted on his abdominal folds and right groin. These are diagnostic signs of
hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), a condition the patient had reportedly suffered for
15 years without being diagnosed. The patient’s HS nodule was treated with intralesional
triamcinolone injection, and prophylactic resorcinol was initiated, and he
was referred to endocrinologists for xanthoma management. Three weeks later he
returned due to newly developed lesions on his preputium, which caused a painful
phimosis. Both HS and EX are correlated with MetS and causes increased all-cause
cardiovascular mortality. As the average diagnostic delay of HS is 7.2 years, it is likely
that timely diagnosis of HS would have identified the patient as being at risk of
developing MetS. With proper preventive measures, the resulting EX lesions and
increase in cardiac mortality could have been avoide
Concomitant Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Eruptive Xanthomas Presenting with Phimosis – The Importance of Timely Diagnosis
A 49-year-old man diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MetS) was referred
to us for treatment of xanthoma elements. Physical examination revealed
widespread confluent yellow firm papules on his fingers, toes, arms, legs, and back.
The diagnosis of eruptive xanthoma (EX) was clinically confirmed. During the examination
of scar tissues, tombstone comedones and an inflammatory nodule
was noted on his abdominal folds and right groin. These are diagnostic signs of
hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), a condition the patient had reportedly suffered for
15 years without being diagnosed. The patient’s HS nodule was treated with intralesional
triamcinolone injection, and prophylactic resorcinol was initiated, and he
was referred to endocrinologists for xanthoma management. Three weeks later he
returned due to newly developed lesions on his preputium, which caused a painful
phimosis. Both HS and EX are correlated with MetS and causes increased all-cause
cardiovascular mortality. As the average diagnostic delay of HS is 7.2 years, it is likely
that timely diagnosis of HS would have identified the patient as being at risk of
developing MetS. With proper preventive measures, the resulting EX lesions and
increase in cardiac mortality could have been avoide
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