PRONIOSOMAL GEL MEDIATED TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF GLIBENCLAMIDE AND ATENOLOL COMBINATION: EXVIVO AND PHARMACODYNAMIC STUDIES

Objective: The objective of the present work was to develop an optimized dosage form for treating comorbidity in combination and evaluate it for its pharmacodynamic performance in male Wistar albino rats. Methods: Transdermal proniosomal gel for Combination of Glibenclamide (GLB) and Atenolol (ATN) was developed and optimized by Box Behnken design. This optimized combinational proniosomal gel (OCPG), which was selected by a point prediction method, was evaluated for its ex vivo, skin irritation studies and pharmacodynamic activities of both drugs in rats in comparison with its oral therapy. Results: The ex-vivo permeation behavior through different skins was studied and the findings were also confirmed by the values of the steady-state flux (Jss). The OCPG observed an increase of more than twice in the cumulative amount of impregnated drugs compared to pure drug films. The study on skin irritation revealed the non-irritability of the developed OCPG applied. OCPG significantly showed sustained hypoglycemic activity in rats (p<0.001), when compared to orally treat animals up to 24 h. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering effect of OCPG was found to be significant (p<0.02), when compared to orally treat rats up to 24 h. However, the reduction was slow and sustained in the case of OPCG where a significant response was observed in the performed studies. Conclusion: Overall, the results show that controlled release GLB and ATN proniosomes offer a useful and promising transdermal delivery system. Henceforth this may be an achievement in treating the diabetic hypertensive patient

Development of large scale drying system for Chillies(Capsicum annum)

A study was conducted to investigate large scale drying of ripe chillies in unutilized tobacco barns.  Experiments indicated that ten quintals of ripe chillies can be loaded in a 6 m×3.6 m size barn.  Galvanized iron wire mesh trays of size    105 cm×75 cm×7.5 cm were found to be suitable to spread chillies on the existing tiers.  Drying time required to reduce moisture from 292.5% to 9.6% (db) varied considerably depending upon whether chilli pods were thin pericarp type varieties or thick pericarp type hybrids.  The hybrids took about 40 hours to dry whereas the varieties took about 24 hours.  Drying air temperatures ranging initially at 50℃ to a final value of about 55℃ were found to be appropriate to dry chillies.   Open yard sun drying took 12 and 17 days for varieties and hybrids respectively.   The discoloured pods were low, 3.5%- 4% in barn dried process in comparison to 12% to 14% in open yard sun drying.  The study suggests that unutilized barns can be converted to dry ripe chillies on a large scale.Keywords: Chillies, drying, barns and large scale Citation: Satyanarayana CH. V. V., and P. C. Vengaiah.  Development of large scale drying system for Chillies (Capsicum annum).  Agric Eng Int: CIGR Journal, 2010, 12(1): 189-193.&nbsp

PSO Optimized CNN-SVM Architecture for Covid -19 Classification

This paper presents a hybrid model that utilizes PSO particle swarm optimization, Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) and (SVM) Support Vector Machine architecture for recognition of Covid19.The planned model extracts optimized structures with particle swarm optimization then passes to Convolution Neural Network for automatic feature extraction, while the SVM serves as a Multi classifier. The dataset comprises Covid 19, Pneumonia and Normal Chest X-Ray pictures used to hone and evaluate the suggested algorithm. The most distinct traits are automatically extracted by the algorithm from these photographs. Experimental results show that the suggested framework is effective, with an average recognition accuracy of 97.42%.The most successful SVM Kernel was RBF

Analysis and reporting of adverse drug reactions at a tertiary care teaching hospital

Objectives: To analyze and report adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: This was an observational study, conducted to analyze and communicate the ADRs reported from July 2016 to June 2017 in a south Indian tertiary care teaching hospital. On daily basis, ADRs reported by healthcare professionals (HCPs) were analyzed and the reports that meet pharmacovigilance programme of India (PvPI) reporting criteria were communicated to PvPI through a specified updated Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) suspected ADR reporting form. In this study, ADRs were summarised based on demographics, drug, incidence, type of reaction and its outcome. Causality, severity, seriousness, and predictability were assessed through WHO causality assessment scale, Hartwig and Siegel Severity Assessment Scale and PvPI criteria.Results: A total of 254 ADRs communicated to PvPI through specified, updated IPC suspected ADR reporting form. The incidence of ADRs in both males and females was identical. The occurrence of ADRs in adult patients (71.26%) was significantly higher than other age groups. Of total ADRs, most of them were withAntibiotics (24.01%) followed by antipsychotics (11.42%). In causality assessment, a majority of ADRs (48.82%) were considered possibly related to the drug or treatment and 55.12% were mild in severity. Overall, 36.22% patients were recovered from ADRs. Most of the reported ADRs (54.33%) were probably preventable.Conclusions: The results provided an insight to the HCPs on the importance of monitoring and reporting of ADRs. High-quality data gathered through a reporting system, most of the reported ADRs were probably preventable; the proper review of patient history and monitoring by HCPs can reduce the incidence of ADR. Our study results emphasize a need for establishing a pharmacovigilance centre to ensure the safe use of drugs.Keywords: Adverse drug reaction, Pharmacovigilance, Reporting, Causalit

QUESTIONNAIRE-BASED STUDY ON THE ASSESSMENT OF DOCTOR OF PHARMACY INTERNS’ KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES REGARDING THE PHARMACOVIGILANCE

Objectives: The present study was contemplated and done to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) toward adverse drug reactions (ADR) reporting and Pharmacovigilance (PV) of the Doctor of Pharmacy Pharm.D interns for the first time in South India, to get an insight into their awareness and reporting culture. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive KAP questionnaire-based study was conducted for 6 months on Pharm.D interns. Results: A total of 603 Pharm.D interns were participated, among them 578 (95.85%) were considered for the analysis. On an average of 78.25% of the participants had a good knowledge, around 82% were aware that patients’ will be benefited from the ADR reporting. The majority of the participants had a positive attitude. Moreover, 59% had reported the ADRs through different ADR reporting procedures 52% were advised the awareness programs for improving the reporting culture, and 34% had the difficulty in deciding or diagnosing the ADR. Conclusion: The KAP of the Pharm.D interns toward the ADR reporting and PV is appreciable and may reduce the burden on the other healthcare workers and improve patient care

A study on air-sea exchange processes and conserved variable analysis over the Indian Ocean with INDOEX IFP-99 data

The exchange properties across the Marine Boundary Layer influence atmospheric convection and determine to a large extent the atmospheric circulation in the tropics. In view of these phenomena, an analysis of the surface parameters such as sea-surface temperature, air temperature, wind speed, moisture and cloud cover along the ORV Sagar Kanya and Ronald H. Brown cruise track was carried out. An attempt was made to examine the changes in these parameters while the ship was passing across the ITCZ region. The humidity was found to be considerably high over the ITCZ than non-ITCZ regions. The air-sea interaction processes were studied by computing the radiation fluxes (short-wave and longwave) and the turbulent heat fluxes (sensible heat and latent heat) using semi-empirical models. Over ITCZ region a net heat loss was found which can be attributed to large convergence, strong convective activity and dense cloud cover, leading to drastic reduction in short-wave radiation. Latitudinal and longitudinal variation of surface meteorological parameters and turbulent fluxes were studied to establish a link with the prevailing convective and clear weather regimes along the cruise tracks. A conserved variable analysis of the conserved variable such as potential temperature, virtual potential temperature, saturation equivalent potential temperature and specific humidity is carried out at every point of upper air observation from Ronald H. Brown. The values are estimated up to a maximum of 3 km to cover the boundary layer. In the ITCZ region due to the convective mixing deeper boundary layers are formed, where a double structure is observed. The Marine Boundary Layer Height is also estimated using thermodynamic profiles

Sensitive Bromatometric Methods for the Determination of Sumatriptan Succinate in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Abstract: Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of sumatriptan succinate (STS) in pure and tablets using bromate-bromide as the bromination reagent in acid medium and two dyes as subsidiary reagents. The two methods are based on the bromination of STS by a known excess of in situ generated bromine followed by determination of unreacted bromine by reacting with a fixed amount of methyl orange (Method A) or indigo carmine (Method B) and measuring the absorbance at 508 or 610 nm. In both methods, the amount of bromine reacted corresponds to the amount of STS. The experimental conditions for the assay have been optimized. In two methods, the absorbance was found to increase linearly with the concentration of STS at the respective wavelengths. Beer's law was obeyed over the ranges 0.2-1.6 and 2.0-12.0 µg mL -1 for method A and method B respectively and the respective molar absorptivity values were 1.898x10 5 and 2.71x10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 . The statistical analysis of the methods was validated according to the present ICH guidelines. The proposed methods were applied to the analysis of tablet form of STS and the results tallied well with the label claim

Kidney injury molecule-1: a urinary biomarker for contrast induced acute kidney injury.

Back ground: Urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) is early biomarker for renal damage. A few studies have been published analyzing the potential use of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) as a biomarker for acute kidney injury. However no study has been done related to Acute Kidney Injury associated with contrast administration. Aim: To search for new markers to identify Acute Kidney Injury (ARF) associated with contrast administration earlier than serum creatinine. Material and Methods: We studied 100 consecutive patients with normal serum creatinine undergoing angiographic procedure. We assessed urine KIM-1, at 4h, 8h, and 24 hours after the angiographic procedure. Serum creatinine was measured at basal, 24h and 48 hours after the procedure. Results: There was a significant rise in urinary KIM-1 levels at 24 hours after the angiographic procedure. The presence of contrast induced nephropathy associated with acute Kidney Injury was 12%. Conclusion: The present study highlighted the importance of urinary KIM-1 in detecting Acute Kidney Injury associated with contrast administration earlier than Serum creatinine. Key words: Neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin. Contrast-induced nephropathy. Cystatin C. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), Kidney injury molecule -1 (KIM-1)

Spawning, larval development and spat settlement of the clam, Meretrix casta (Chemnitz) in the laboratory

The dam, Meretrix casta (Chemnitz) WM induced to ipawn in the laboratory on 2 occasioni by mcreating wat«' temperature by 3'-7'C from ambient lemfieraturB. Spawning was intense on both the occasions. The fertilized ovum measured 0.08S mm. After passing through early suges of deveiofsnent, the trochophore stage was attained by 6 hr after spawning. D-shaped free-swimming veli^er larva was fomned by 14 hr. The leva started feeding on the microalga, Isoehrysis gaUfana, from the second day after qtawning. The larvae sMtled as spat on dghtfi or nkth day measuring 0.216 mm x 0.201 mm 0ength x height). It attained a size of 2.5 mm x 2.3S mm by SOth day. Pigmentation ctf the periostracum varied leading to muiy mortis, of wbidi S major types could be recognized. Spat numbering about 50000 were produced in each experimmt