A 3.4 Gbps 27-1 Pseudo Random Bit Sequence generator for Serial-Data Communications in 0.18�m CMOS

This paper presents a 3.4 Gbps Pseudo Random Bit Sequence (PRBS) generator with sequence length of 27-1. The circuit uses 7- Bit shift register with a linear current mode XOR gate and current mode D flip-flop and works up to data rates of 3.4 Gbps. The simulated data jitter of the 3.4 Gbps output is 2.75ps with full swing output voltage of 1.8V and the binary-sequence repeats itself after 127 cycles PRBS generator implemented in Cadence 0.18�m CMOS technology

Multi-stage secure clusterhead selection using discrete rule-set against unknown attacks in wireless sensor network

Security is the rising concern of the wireless network as there are various forms of reonfigurable network that is arised from it. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is one such example that is found to be an integral part of cyber-physical system in upcoming times. After reviewing the existing system, it can be seen that there are less dominant and robust solutions towards mitigating the threats of upcoming applications of WSN. Therefore, this paper introduces a simple and cost-effective modelling of a security system that offers security by ensuring secure selection of clusterhead during the data aggregation process in WSN. The proposed system also makes construct a rule-set in order to learn the nature of the communication iin order to have a discrete knowledge about the intensity of adversaries. With an aid of simulation-based approach over MEMSIC nodes, the proposed system was proven to offer reduced energy consumption with good data delivery performance in contrast to existing approach

SYNTHESIS, ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTITUBERCULAR AND CHEMINFORMATIC STUDIES OF 2-(1-BENZOFURAN-2-YL)-N'-[(3Z)-2-OXO-1, 2-DIHYDRO-3H-INDOL-3-YLIDENE] QUINOLINE-4-CARBOHYDRAZIDE AND ITS DERIVATIVES

Objective: Synthesis of novel 2-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-N'-[(3Z)-2-oxo-1, 2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene] quinoline-4-carbohydrazide and its derivatives for antimicrobial and antitubercular activity.Methods: Synthesis was carried out using the general method and the structures were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, [13]C-NMR and mass spectral analysis. The antibacterial activity was carried by agar well diffusion method, antifungal activity was performed by poison food technique and antitubercular activity was carried out by Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) method with the help of H37Rv. In silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity (ADMET) study of the drug, likeliness was carried out in ACD/lab-2.Results: The results revealed that at 25 mg/ml concentration, compounds 3a and 5a showed good antibacterial activity at 3.5±0.1, 3.8±0.3, 3.6±0.2 respectively against E. coli, K. pneumonia and S. typhimurium, when compared with drug streptomycin with similar concentration. The percentage of inhibition found at 50 µg/ml concentration, compounds 2b and 6a exhibited good antifungal activity at 53±1.15, 57±1.52 against A. flavus and C. neoformans, compared with standard drug fluconazole. The increase in activity was found to be dose dependent. The analogue 2a showed good antitubercular activity at 12.5±0.5 µg/ml, compounds 2b, 3a, 4a-b, 5a-b and 6a-b exhibited significant activity at 25±0.57 µg/ml and compound 3b showed moderate activity at 50±0.57 µg/ml. The mean value of P<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity studies of the entitled molecules were analyzed and found to be in acceptable range.Conclusion: The study reveals that compounds containing benzofuran coupled nitrogen heterocycles are essential for activity as they possess excellent drug-like characteristics, suggesting to be potentially best inhibitor of H37Rv strain. The in silico ADME analysis also revealed that all the compounds were in acceptable range to obey the pharmacokinetic parameters

Is screening for diabetes among tuberculosis patients feasible at the field level?

Supported by the TB Union/MSF Course on Operational Researc

Meiotic study of three synthesized tetraploid groundnut

Closely related wild relatives (diploid) of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a (tetraploid), have broad based resistance to a range of diseases and pests. Direct crosses between diploid relatives and tetraploid groundnut gives rise to undesirable triploids. There are no tetraploid relatives (except A. monticold) which can be easily crossed to transfer desirable traits. Hence amphidiploids were synthesized by combining A and B genome of Arachis species and the autotetraploid was synthesized by combining two B genome species. Diploid and tetraploid hybrids were cytologically analyzed to study the relationship between the chromosomes/genomes of the parents. The study showed that in the diploid hybrids, pollen fertility varied but in the tetraploids there was good recombination between the parental genomes resulting in high pollen fertilit

Fate of the predictions in Galle-Unawatuna mangroves, Sri Lanka: A validation after 10 years using satellite (IKONOS) and ground-truth data

Validation of earlier predictions is a challenging but significant contribution to ecological research. The present study tests the predications made 10 years ago by Dahdouh-Guebas et al. (2000) on the evolution of mangrove forest in Galle-Unawatuna, Sri Lanka. The ground inventory carried out in five Sectors covering the entire forest (Point Centred Quarter Method - PCQM) (Cintron and Schaeffer Novelli, 1984) revealed that the adult species composition is dominated by Rhizophora apiculata, Excoecaria agallocha, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and B. sexangula, with their total density of 216-267 stems 0.1ha-1 and basal area 1.19-1.44m2 0.1ha-1. However, both young and juvenile vegetation in the most Sectors was dominated solely by B. gymnorrhiza (128-869 stems and 356-1482 propagules 0.1ha-1). According to Dahdouh-Guebas et al. (2000), the transition of an E. agallocha forest into a B. gymnorrhiza dominated one or at least their co-dominance in the Sectors 1 and 2 is possible, whereas Sector 3 being dominated by adult and juvenile R. apiculata will persist. Overall, the possible transition to a Bruguiera dominated forest in Galle-Unawatuna area was forecasted. The recent decadal changes between 1994 and 2004 through the integration of IKONOS satellite imagery of 2004 with ground-truth information confirmed many of the predictions and showed dynamic shifts in young/adult vegetation by B. gymnorrhiza. Both E. agallocha and R. apiculata continue to be dominant in Sectors 2 and 3, although the adult turnover by B. gymnorrhiza has not yet occurred, probably due to the small time interval between the two investigations. Confirming in part with the earlier prediction on R. apiculata in Sector 3, present study also revealed the abundance of B. gymnorrhiza as young and juvenile vegetation. Viewing the present dynamic shifts and sheer dominance as young vegetation by B. gymnorrhiza with a mean height of 5.8m in most Sectors, it is still possible to anticipate the mangroves being dominated by this species, and actually now validates the predictions made 10 years ago. Because of apparent changes in the mangrove vegetation structure, it could be concluded that the ‘moving mosaic’ pattern of mangrove species distribution reported earlier for Galle-Unawatuna still persists

Oyster resources of Athankarai estuary, southeast coast of India

The oyster Crassostrea madrasensis is distributed at several places along the east and southwest coasts of India (Rao 1969, Alagarswami and Narasimham 1973) and has good economic potential but so far resources survey of the shellfish populations has not been carried out in any area. Estimates of the standing stocks are essential for planning exploitation of the oyster resources. A precise knowledge of the natural stocks and the ecological conditions in which they abound is especially necessary to plan and conduct oyster culture which is essential for large scale exploitation. Beds of oysters bslonging to the species Crassostrea madrasensis are present in Athankarai Estuary at Athankarai near Mandapam Camp on the southeast coast of India. The highly nutritious shellfish resources are not exploited by people of the area for food. Only occasionally oyster shells are collected and burnt in small kilns and converted into lime. The oyster resources of the estuary have been surveyed. The general features of the Athankarai estuary, hydrological conditions, ecologically associated fauna and flora, distribution and magnitude of standing stocks of oysters, and seasonal changes in meat of oysters have been studied and the results are presented here