Classification of Remote Sensing Image Data Using Rsscn-7 Dataset

A novel technique for remote sensing image scene classification is employed using the Compact Vision Transformer (CVT) architecture. This model strengthens the power of deep learning and self-attention algorithms to significantly intensify the accuracy and efficiency of scene classification in remote sensing imagery. Through extensive training and evaluation of the RSSCNN7 dataset, our CVT-based model has achieved an impressive accuracy rate of 87.46% on the original dataset. This remarkable result underscores the prospect of CVT models in the domain of remote sensing and underscores their applicability in real-world scenarios. Our report furnishes an elaborate account of the model\u27s architecture, training methodology, and evaluation process, shedding light on the key insights and advancements in remote sensing image analysis. This work holds promise for a variety of applications, including agriculture, environmental surveillance, and disaster control, where precise scene classification is of utmost importance

Classification of stillbirth by relative condition at death (Re Co De) at various trimesters of pregnancy: a rural tertiary teaching hospital based study

Background: New global health figures show India to have the highest rates of stillbirth in the world. While maternal and under 5 child mortality rates have halved, stillbirth remains a neglected global endemic. To reduce stillbirths, the prevalence, risk factors and causes must be known. The aim of the present study is to know the prevalence and classify stillbirths by ReCoDe classification system at different trimesters of pregnancy.Methods: This was a retrospective study done between January 2013 to March 2017 at MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, a rural tertiary teaching hospital, Telangana, India. A total of 112 cases of stillbirths were included. Data was obtained on demographic variables, risk factors such as preeclampsia, etc. Data regarding mode of delivery, fetal asphyxia, were recorded.Results: Stillbirth rate was 12.1/1000 births. Fifty four percent of the women were unbooked. Preterm stillbirths were a majority (67%). The intra-partum still birth rate was low (15.1%) contrary to what is seen in low middle-income countries. Gestational hypertension/Pre-eclampsia, abruptio placenta, fetal growth restriction and oligohydramnios were the leading causes of stillbirths.Conclusions: Pregnant women from rural background with low socio-economic status are prone for stillbirths. As stillbirths were more among unbooked cases, the study highlights the importance of counselling, creating awareness in the rural areas regarding the importance of regular antenatal checkups. Identifying risk factors like pre-eclampsia, anemia etc., at early weeks will enable us to initiate appropriate strategies to improve pregnancy outcome

Postnatal growth, age estimation and development of foraging behaviour in the fulvous fruit bat Rousettus leschenaulti

This study documents the postnatal growth, age estimation and development of the foraging behaviour of the fulvous fruit batRousettus leschenaulti under captive conditions. At birth, the young were naked and pink with closed eyes and folded pinnae. By day four of age, their eyes had opened and the pups began to move. The mean length of forearm in 5-day-old pups was 24.9 mm and body mass was 10.8 g, equivalent to 32.3% and 14.2% of the values from postpartum females. The length of forearm and body mass increased linearly until 45 and 50 days, respectively, and thereafter maintained an apparent stability. The epiphyseal gap of the fourth metacarpal-phalangeal joint increased until 15 days, then decreased linearly until 75 days and thereafter closed. Age was estimated quantitatively, based on linear changes observed in the length of the forearm and epiphyseal gap. Pups began to roost separately, but adjacent to their mothers when 30 days old and flew clumsily when they were about 40 days old. After attaining clumsy flight, the young bats made independent foraging attempts feebly by biting and licking small fruit pieces. Young bats were engaged in suckling as well as ingesting fruits when they were about 50 days old. Between 55 and 65 days, they flew well and fed on fruits. At the age of 75 days, the young bats were completely weaned and at two months, their foraging behaviour was similar to that of their mothers. There was no significant difference in the growth pattern of the young maintained in captivity compared with those under natural conditions

A prospective study to compare the efficacy of tacrolimus vs cyclosporine in vernal keratoconjunctivitis in children in India

Background: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic allergic conjunctival disease. Immunomodulatory drugs like cyclosporine is being used for its treatment. Tacrolimus is another immunomodulator drug that can be used in VKC. This study was done to compare the efficacy of tacrolimus and cyclosporine in VKC.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 60 patients of either sex by dividing them into two groups. The first group was treated with cyclosporine (0.05%) ophthalmic eye drop and second group with tacrolimus (0.03%) ophthalmic ointment. Total five objective signs (hyperaemia, oedema, papillae, corneal involvement and tantra’s dot) and five subjective symptoms (itching, tearing, foreign body sensation, discharge and photophobia) data was collected and tabulated for statistical analysis.Results: Authors found TSSS in both groups decrease significantly (p <0.05 or p <0.01 or p <0.001) at all post periods as compared to respective predecessor periods except 4 weeks to 6 weeks in cyclosporine group and 6 weeks to 8 weeks in tacrolimus group. Similarly, for each period, on comparing the mean TSSS between the groups TSSS between the groups at all periods does not differed statistically though at final evaluation (mean change from baseline to 8 weeks), it improved 5.2% more in tacrolimus group (83.7%) than cyclosporine group (78.5%). Similarly, TOSS also decreased at all post periods except 4 weeks to 6 weeks, and 6 weeks to 8 weeks in cyclosporine group and 6 weeks to 8 weeks in tacrolimus group. Improvement in scores was 11.6% more in tacrolimus (81.6%) than cyclosporine (70.0%). Cyclosporine eye drops are associated with burning sensation and redness of eyes while transient ocular irritation was only observed side effect with tacrolimus.Conclusions: The study found tacrolimus is clinically better drug for treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis than cyclosporine and is also cost effective

A Review Of Quarantine Period In Relation To Incubation Period Of SARS-CoV-2

Introduction: The period, from exposure to a potential pathogen to the manifestation of symptoms i.e. incubation period, is time the virus spends replicating in the host. An estimation of this period and subsequent quarantine of the host can limit potential spread, particularly in asymptomatic carriers. Effective contact tracing, length of self-quarantine, repeat testing and understanding of disease transmission are all contingent on a true estimation of this incubation period. Methods: Articles in English from December 1st , on Google scholar, PubMed, Research gate along with bulletins from WHO and the CDC were queried for the keywords, “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID-19”, “median incubation period”, “mean incubation period”, “symptom onset”, “quarantine” and “exposure interval’’ and reviewed independently by two authors to establish consensus. Travel to Wuhan, or in absence of travel, the earliest possible exposure, were used to calculate mean or median incubation period. Correspondingly, we reviewed the advised lengths of quarantine period. Results: Five studies with a combined sample size of 505 patients were reviewed for mean/median incubation period. Four studies recommended periods for self-quarantine, ranging from 2- 14 days. Linton et al. recommended the shortest estimate of the median incubation period at 4.3 days (95% CI 4.5-5.6), whereas the longest was by Backer et al. at 6.4 days (95% CI 4.5-5.8). Similarly, the shortest estimation of mean incubation period was by Liu et al. (n=16) at 4.8 days (95% CI 2.2-7.4) days while the longest at 5.5 days (95% CI 4.5-5.8) was by Lauer et al. (n=181). Although the range for quarantine in these four studies was 12.5 to 14 days, all four recommended 14 days as the optimum for self-quarantine. Conclusion: A precise estimate of incubation period is instrumental in outlining an effective quarantine measure. Calculation of the incubation period using mathematical models has established an accurate measure, albeit with uncertainty increasing towards the tail of each distribution. Based on a thorough review of these studies a quarantine period of 14 days can be recommended allowing 97.5% of the infected people to show symptoms. These symptomatic patients would be further evaluated based on their respective state health guidelines so that they may be effectively isolated and treated

Digitized Engineering Notebook

Digitized Engineering Notebook is a web based application of the Engineering Notebook that can be used by an individual or team which can track and record all the activities during specific design process. This application can create a new project or select an existing project, add team members to the project, it also enables team members to access the portal at the same time there to synchronize their work. The substantial applicability of this portal is creation of dated log entries for ideas, details, and observations, chronological listing of log entries and enabling uploads of text documents, diagrams, sketches, figures, etc. By designing the digitized engineering notebook in a user-friendly way, we can save lot of time for an individual or team by enabling to access and navigate from anywhere using their own devices

A REVIEW ON HERBO MINERAL FORMULATIONS CONTAINING LAUHA (IRON) W.S.R TO RASENDRA SARA SANGHRAHA

Rasendra Sara Sangraha is the oldest and most exhaustive treatise of Rasa Shastra, an important branch of Ayurveda, which revolutionised Ayurveda Pharmacopeia in the medieval period. It is one of classical works of 14th century period written by Sri Gopala Krishna Bhatt consists of 5 chapters with 2531 verses. Rasendra Sara Sangraha comprising the compilation of various times tested and therapeutically proved Rasayoga formulations. Lauha (iron) is a very essential element of the body system for treating many disease conditions as well as for physiological existence. Iron used as medicine from the Vedic period. Lauha preparations are extensively used from Acharya Charakas period in the form of Ayasruti and Navayasa loha. Rasendra Sara Sangraha has mentioned a total of 222 herbo mineral formulations having Lauha (iron). The present study deals with the chapter wise review of formulations of Rasendra Sara Sangraha containing Lauha as an ingredient mentioned in various disease conditions like Jwara, Arsas, krimi, Pandu, Soola, Pradara, Sodha and Gulma etc. These Lauha containing Herbo mineral Formulations has been elaborately compiled in 222 formulations

Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Associated with Job Contentment in Dental Professionals: Indian Outlook

Background: High prevalence rates of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) among dentists have been reported. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies can be helpful in managing and preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine if dental professionals are using CAM for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Who have greater job satisfaction: dentist who uses Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) or conventional therapy (CT) as a treatment modality for WRMSDMethod: Dentists who registered in Uttar Pradesh state, India under Indian Dental Council, Uttar Pradesh branch (n=1134) were surveyed. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses and logistic regression.Result: A response rate of 53% (n=601) was obtained, revealing that 82% (n=487) of the respondents suffered from work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The use of complementary and alternative medicine or conventional therapy was reported among 80% (n=390) of the dentists with work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Complementary and alternative medicine users reported greater overall health compared to conventional therapy users (P&lt;0.001). Of those with work-related musculoskeletal disorders, 35.5% (n=172) considered a career change for once, and 4.0% (n=19) reported having left dentistry.Conclusion: Complementary and alternative medicine therapies may improve quality of life, reduce work disruptions and enhance job satisfaction for dentists who suffer from work-related musculoskeletal disorders. It is important that dentists incorporate complementary and alternative medicine strategies into practice to facilitate musculoskeletal health that will enable longer and healthier careers, increase productivity, provide safer workplace and prevent musculoskeletal disorders.Keywords: CAM, dentist, musculoskeletal disorder

A note on indigenous technical knowledge in Kinnaur and Lahaul-Spiti districts of Himachal Pradesh

Over the years, Indian farmers have leveraged their ancestral know-how and experimented to cultivate different crops in difficult environmental conditions. Of late, however, traditional knowledge and practices have suffered massive erosion, mainly due to the impact of globalization and modernization. In this regard, the objective of the present paper was to document and validate the ITKs in the tribal farming system in Himachal Pradesh. Kinnaur and Lahaul-Spiti districts of Himachal Pradesh were purposively selected for the study owing to their special status of Schedule Tribal Area. Further, three villages from each district were selected randomly covering a sample of 120 farmers. In addition, 5 key informants experienced in particular ITKs were selected from each village for its validation through Quantification of Indigenous Knowledge. The major documented ITKs were classified into appropriate categories such as soil and water management, cropping system, farm implements, post-harvest technology, storage, horticultural crops, food product development, agro-animal based yarns and leaves, medicinal, veterinary science, animal husbandry, and some myths. Further, Kothar, Graat, Suttar, tying of branches of trees, and chicha were revealed as the most useful ITKs in the tribal areas of Kinnaur. In Lahaul-Spiti, Khudh, Sumbhu, Sem, and shaving off of yak’s hair in summer were the most popular ITKs

Evaluating the In Vitro Activity of Depsidones from Usnea subfloridana Stirton as Key Enzymes Involved in Inflammation and Gout

Background: Traditionally, Usnea genus has significant uses in the treatment of swelling and tumors in Africa and Asia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical constituents present in the acetone extract (AE) of Usnea subfloridana Stirton and also to evaluate their anti-inflammatory and anti-gout effects. Methods: Isolation and characterization of secondary metabolites from AE were evaluated by chromatography and spectral studies. Anti-inflammatory activities were assessed through cyclooxygenase (COX1 and COX2) and 5-lipooxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme inhibition assays, while anti-gout effects were evaluated by xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition assay. Results: The existence of five known depsidones, identified as galbinic acid (1), conprotocetraricacid (2), constictic acid (3), salazinic acid (4), and lobaric acid (5), were exposed by chemical investigation of AE and confirmed by spectral data. Using in vitro enzyme inhibition assays, it was noticed that all the isolates showed dose-dependent activity against all the tested enzymes. Mainly, compounds 2 and 5 showed better inhibition efficiency on COX2 enzyme with the IC50of 7.17±1.07 and 7.01±0.94 nM, respectively, than the reference drug indomethacin (7.3±0.65nM). Furthermore, all isolates exhibited potent inhibition effects on the XO enzyme. Conclusion: The results indicated that U. subfloridana can be a favorable natural source for thetreatment of inflammation and gout. Compounds 2 and 5 were responsible for these biologicalactions by regulating pro-inflammatory enzymes, namely COXs, 5-LOX, and XO