Distribution, Hybridization, and Taxonomic Status of Two-lined Salamanders (\u3ci\u3eEurycea bislineata\u3c/i\u3e complex) in Virginia and West Virginia

We used three diagnostic protein markers to examine salamanders of the Eurycea bislineata complex at 80 localities in Virginia and West Virginia. Two groups were strongly differentiated and met at a narrow contact zone. Rare hybridization was observed as well as limited introgression up to 5 km north and 10 km south of the contact zone. At the contact zone, 1% F1, 2% F2, 32% backcross, and 66% parental genotypes were observed. This pattern of parapatric distribution with limited hybridization and introgression argues for the recognition of Eurycea bislineata and E. cirrigera as separate species

How to Improve Accessibility of Natural Areas: About the Relevance of Providing Information on Accessible Services and Facilities in Natural Areas

Accessibility is a topic of increasing importance concerning all fields of life. This is underlined by current legislation as well as social meaning and economic benefits related to accessibility. Due to recent demographic changes in society characterised by steadily growing numbers of the elderly (with age-related physical deficits), enabling people with disabilities to manage their everyday independently gets even more important. However, in order to fully participate in life self-determined, the disabled demand for barrier free infrastructure in many ways. This is particularly true in terms of tourist and recreational activities in natural areas. At that, positive effects of being in nature (e.g. on people’s physical health and mental well-being as well as integration and family solidarity) are even more relevant for disabled people than for others. While many efforts exist on offering and improving barrier free services and facilities on-site, it seems that there is a lack of off-site material informing persons with disabilities of accessible services and facilities available in natural areas. That is surprising, since today, rapid advances in information and communication technologies offer many ways to provide digital, i.e. web-based solution suitable to impart all kinds of information and to meet the needs of disabled people. Concerning the spatial reference of nature-based recreation, i.e. in order to communicate location and spatial relationship of services and facilities, web-based maps are a central means of communication. But, which information regarding tourist and recreational visits of natural areas is required by disabled visitors? How to present this information to the target group in an accessible and useful way? How to design and integrate web-based maps as powerful tool to impart spatial information? Based on research conducted within the project “senTOUR”, this paper aims to offer suggestions for proving accessible digital information in order to support recreational and tourist activities in natural areas for disabled visitors, i.e. for the elderly who often suffer from age-related physical deficits

Zur Frage des Nachmittags-Unterrichtes

von W. Sattle

Industry-Based Competitive Strategies for Ohio: Managing Three Portfolios

Deloitte Consulting, LLP, Cleveland State University, OSA Strategy. Political and business leaders have recognized a need to chart a new economic course for Ohio’s future. This study represents a step toward determining effective uses for limited development dollars in the state and filling in Ohio’s economic development strategy. This statewide industry study has been designed to provide economic development officials with insight, analysis, and strategic tools to help businesses compete more efficiently in an increasingly global marketplace

Modeling Micro-Porous Surfaces for Secondary Electron Emission Control to Suppress Multipactor

This work seeks to understand how the topography of a surface can be engineered to control secondary electron emission (SEE) for multipactor suppression. Two unique, semi-empirical models for the secondary electron yield (SEY) of a micro-porous surface are derived and compared. The first model is based on a two-dimensional (2D) pore geometry. The second model is based on a three-dimensional (3D) pore geometry. The SEY of both models is shown to depend on two categories of surface parameters: chemistry and topography. An important parameter in these models is the probability of electron emissions to escape the surface pores. This probability is shown by both models to depend exclusively on the aspect ratio of the pore (the ratio of the pore height to the pore diameter). The increased accuracy of the 3D model (compared to the 2D model) results in lower electron escape probabilities with the greatest reductions occurring for aspect ratios less than two. In order to validate these models, a variety of micro-porous gold surfaces were designed and fabricated using photolithography and electroplating processes. The use of an additive metal-deposition process (instead of the more commonly used subtractive metal-etch process) provided geometrically ideal pores which were necessary to accurately assess the 2D and 3D models. Comparison of the experimentally measured SEY data with model predictions from both the 2D and 3D models illustrates the improved accuracy of the 3D model. For a micro-porous gold surface consisting of pores with aspect ratios of two and a 50% pore density, the 3D model predicts that the maximum total SEY will be one. This provides optimal engineered surface design objectives to pursue for multipactor suppression using gold surfaces

Hospital-Based Harm Reduction Interventions: A Systematic Review

Background: In the U.S., the number of hospitalized patients diagnosed with a substance use disorder (SUD; e.g., opioid use disorder, alcohol use disorder) is growing at an alarming rate. Often negatively impacted by stigma, homelessness and physical and mental comorbidities, this vulnerable patient population may benefit from the use of hospital-based harm reduction interventions (HHRIs) to improve overall hospital care experiences and negative health outcomes. Purpose: To examine how harm reduction principles have been successfully applied to HHRIs resulting in decreased negative health outcomes associated with SUD, improved healthcare provider-patient relationships, and reduced financial burden of healthcare systems. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and flow diagram were utilized for this systematic review. Nineteen studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review. Implications: Four consistent themes that either inhibit or facilitate the implementation of HHRIs (e.g., establishing specialized SUD hospital units, employing peer support specialists, utilizing the clinical opiate withdrawal scale) were identified: ethical responsibility, stigma, structural changes to hospital systems, and noted gaps associated with post-discharge care. Conclusion: HHRIs are a useful treatment option to manage the unique needs associated with the growing SUD patient population

Systematics of Desmognathus monticola

Undergraduate Basi

Small-molecule lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 (LPAR5) antagonists: versatile pharmacological tools to regulate inflammatory signaling in BV-2 microglia cells

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species in the extracellular environment induce downstream signaling via six different G protein-coupled receptors (LPAR1-6). These signaling cascades are essential for normal brain development and function of the nervous system. However, in response to acute or chronic central nervous system (CNS) damage, LPA levels increase and aberrant signaling events can counteract brain function. Under neuro-inflammatory conditions signaling along the LPA/LPAR5 axis induces a potentially neurotoxic microglia phenotype indicating the need for new pharmacological intervention strategies. Therefore, we compared the effects of two novel small-molecule LPAR5 antagonists on LPA-induced polarization parameters of the BV-2 microglia cell line. AS2717638 is a selective piperidine-based LPAR5 antagonist (IC(50) 0.038 μM) while compound 3 is a diphenylpyrazole derivative with an IC(50) concentration of 0.7 μM in BV-2 cells. Both antagonists compromised cell viability, however, at concentrations above their IC(50) concentrations. Both inhibitors blunted LPA-induced phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3, p65, and c-Jun and consequently reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cyto-/chemokines (IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β, CXCL10, CXCL2, and CCL5) at non-toxic concentrations. Both compounds modulated the expression of intracellular (COX-2 and Arg1) and plasma membrane-located (CD40, CD86, and CD206) polarization markers yet only AS2717638 attenuated the neurotoxic potential of LPA-activated BV-2 cell-conditioned medium towards CATH.a neurons. Our findings from the present in vitro study suggest that the two LPAR5 antagonists represent valuable pharmacological tools to interfere with LPA-induced pro-inflammatory signaling cascades in microglia