Interaksi Masyarakat Keturunan Arab dengan Masyarakat Setempat di Pekalongan

Dalam penelitian ini penulis mengeksplorasi interaksi antara masyarakat keturunan Arab dengan masyarakat setempat di Kelurahan Klego Kota Pekalongan serta mengetahui faktor pendorong dan penghambat terjadinya interaksi antara masyarakat keturunan Arab dengan masyarakat setempat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui metode wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terjadi interaksi antara masyarakat keturunan Arab dengan masyarakat setempat dengan intensitas dan kegiatan kebudayaan tertentu. Faktor pendukung terjadinya interaksi adalah adanya perkawinan campuran, terutama pada masyarakat keturunan Arab non-sayyid, dengan masyarakat setempat serta adanya kerjasama dalam bidang perdagangan. Sedangkan faktor penghambat terjadinya proses interaksi adalah adanya prasangka dan stereotip pada masyarakat keturunan Arab yang merasa masyarakat setempat kurang Islami, sebaliknya masyarakat setempat merasa masyarakat keturunan Arab itu sombong. Keturunan Arab yang tinggal di Kelurahan Klego terdiri dari golongan sayyid dan golongan non-sayyid. Keturunan Arab dari golongan non-sayyid sudah dapat berbaur dengan masyarakat setempat sedangkan keturunan Arab dari golongan sayyid belum berbaur dengan masyarakat non-Arab. Masyarakat keturunan Arab memiliki simbol-simbol seperti bahasa, pakaian, bangunan yang sangat mempengaruhi interaksi antara masyarakat keturunan Arab dengan masyarakat setempat. In this study, the author explores the interaction between people of Arab descent and the local people in the village of Klego Pekalongan city and also the factors that drive and inhibit the interaction between them. This study uses qualitative methods. The technique of collecting data are interviews, observation, and documentation. The results show that there is a pattern of interaction between people of Arab descent with the local people. Factors supporting the occurrence of interactions are the presence of mixed marriages, especially in the Arab non-sayyid descent, with the local community as well as the cooperation in the field of trade. While the factors inhibiting the interaction process is the existence of prejudice and stereotypes of people of Arab descent at a local community as less Islami. On the other hand, the local people feel that people of Arab descent are exclusive. The Arab descent living in the Village Klego consists of groups and classes of non-sayyid and sayyid. Arab descent from the class of non-sayyid are able to mingle with the local people, whereas Arab descent of sayyid cannot mingle with non-Arab communities. Society of Arab descent has symbols such as language, clothing, and building that strongly influence the interaction of people of Arab descent with the local community

Evaluation of metagenetic community analysis of planktonic copepods using Illumina MiSeq: Comparisons with morphological classification and metagenetic analysis using Roche 454 - Fig 3

<p><b>Order-level taxonomic compositions of copepods in field-collected samples between (A) species and MOTUs, and (B) biomass and sequence reads.</b> Metagenetic analyses using both Illumina MiSeq and Roche 454 data were performed at a 97% similarity threshold.</p

PCR primers used in this study.

<p>PCR primers used in this study.</p

Total species and MOTU numbers of copepods in field-collected samples.

<p>MOTU numbers were calculated at 97 and 99% similarity thresholds in metagenetic analyses using both Illumina MiSeq and Roche 454 data.</p

Proportions of dominant species and MOTUs at each station.

<p>MOTUs at a 99% similarity threshold were assigned to species. NA represents MOTUs which were not assigned to any copepod species (< 99% similarity to public database). The proportions of numbers of individuals, biomass, and sequence reads are presented as log_x+1-transformed values. The morphological species <i>Paracalanus parvus</i> s.l. was further classified into <i>Paracalanus</i> sp. (Slope and Kuroshio) or <i>P</i>. <i>tropicus</i> (Subtropical) in the metagenetic analysis, according to Hidaka et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0181452#pone.0181452.ref035" target="_blank">35</a>].</p

Lists of species and MOTUs in the mock community analysis.

<p>Lists of species and MOTUs in the mock community analysis.</p

Comparison of morphologically classified species and MOTU numbers at 97 and 99% similarity thresholds in field-collected samples.

<p>Comparison of morphologically classified species and MOTU numbers at 97 and 99% similarity thresholds in field-collected samples.</p

isolation_by_distance

The dataset utilized for calculating isolation by distance (Figure 2b

Supplemental Figure 1. The sequence variations in the MtDNA segments of seven Japanese and North American isolates containing MtORFvar. from A hypervariable mitochondrial protein coding sequence associated with geographical origin in a cosmopolitan bloom-forming alga, <i>Heterosigma akashiwo</i>

Sequence differences compared to NEPCC522 in each of the other strains are highlighted with red, blue, and green. A nucleotide deletion in strain Y is marked with a green triangle

The basic statistics of the two sequencing data sets.

<p>The two sequencing data sets were generated with Phusion High-Fidelity DNA polymerase and KOD-Plus- ver. 2 polymerase. We classified the raw reads (> 400 bp) with QIIME and investigated the reads classified as <i>Eurytemora</i> (Metazoa) in more detail. The forward reads were excluded from the downstream analyses.</p><p>The basic statistics of the two sequencing data sets.</p