Análisis de la producción de capítulos florales y aceite esencial de cultivares de manzanilla (Chamomilla recutita) en diferentes épocas de cosecha

1 recurso en línea (páginas 484-490).La manzanilla [Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert] pertenece a la familia Asteraceae y es parte de un gran grupo de plantas medicinales cultivadas y utilizadas en Brasil y en todo el mundo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la productividad de capítulos florales junto con el contenido y composición del aceite esencial de cuatro cultivares de manzanilla en tres períodos de cosecha. Se ha llevado a cabo el experimento en la Estación Experimental de Canguiri (UFPR) en el período del 15 de mayo hasta el 09 septiembre de 2015. Se evaluaron cuatro cultivares comerciales de manzanilla adquiridos en diferentes países: Twinings (Inglaterra), Auchan (España), Lipton (Escocia) y Mandirituba (Brasil), que tradicionalmente se cultivan en Paraná. El diseño experimental fue de bloques al azar a través de un factorial 4×3 (4 cultivares y 3 períodos de cosecha) y con cuatro repeticiones. A los 96 días tras la plantación se realizaron cosechas manuales, en un total de tres cosechas. Después de cada cosecha, se sometieron los capítulos a secado. La extracción de aceite esencial y la identificación de los componentes químicos del aceite esencial se realizaron en el Laboratorio de Ecofisiología de UFPR. La época de cosecha afectó la producción de capítulos y aceite esencial, siendo mayor en la primera (276,9 y 0,71 kg ha-1, respectivamente) y tercera cosechas (262,6 y 0,77 kg ha-1, respectivamente). Los cultivares y las cosechas no tuvieron influencia sobre el porcentaje de aceite esencial (0,22 a 0,29%) obtenido de los capítulos de las flores, pero contribuyen con la definición del compuesto químico a producirse.Chamomile [Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert] belongs to the Asteraceae family and is part of a large medicinal plant group that is cultivated and used in Brazil and in the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the floral capitula productivity and essential oil content and composition of four cultivars of chamomile in three harvesting periods. The experiment was conducted at the Canguiri Experimental Station (UFPR) from May 15th to September 9th, 2015. Four cultivars of chamomile were evaluated, from commercial products purchased in different countries: Twinings (England), Auchan (Spain), Lipton (Scotland) and Mandirituba (Brazil), which is traditionally grown in Paraná. The experiment design used randomized blocks in a 4×3 factorial scheme (4 cultivars and 3 harvesting periods), with four replicates. At 96 days after planting, manual harvests were performed, for a total of three harvests. After each harvest, the floral chapters were dried. The extraction of the essential oil and the identification of the chemical constituents of the essential oil were carried out in the Laboratory of Ecophysiology of UFPR. The harvest time affected the productivity of the floral capitula and essential oil, being higher in the first (276.9 and 0.71 kg ha-1, respectively) and third harvests (262.6 and 0.77 kg ha-1, respectively). The cultivars and harvests did not influence the essential oil percentage (0.22 to 0.29%) obtained from the floral capitula; however, they contributed to the definition of the produced chemical compound.Bibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 489-49

G-band and Hard X-ray Emissions of the 2006 December 14 flare observed by Hinode/SOT and RHESSI

We report on G-band emission observed by the Solar Optical Telescope onboard the Hinode satellite in association with the X1.5-class flare on 2006 December 14. The G-band enhancements originate from the footpoints of flaring coronal magnetic loops, coinciding with non-thermal hard X-ray bremsstrahlung sources observed by the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager. At the available 2 minute cadence, the G-band and hard X-ray intensities are furthermore well correlated in time. Assuming that the G-band enhancements are continuum emission from a blackbody, we derived the total radiative losses of the white-light flare (white-light power). If the G-band enhancements additionally have a contribution from lines, the derived values are overestimates. We compare the white-light power with the power in hard X-ray producing electrons using the thick target assumption. Independent of the cutoff energy of the accelerated electron spectrum, the white-light power and the power of accelerated electrons are roughly proportional. Using the observed upper limit of ~30 keV for the cutoff energy, the hard X-ray producing electrons provide at least a factor of 2 more power than needed to produce the white-light emission. For electrons above 40 keV, the powers roughly match for all four of the time intervals available during the impulsive phase. Hence, the flare-accelerated electrons contain enough energy to produce the white-light flare emissions. The observed correlation in time, space, and power strongly suggests that electron acceleration and white-light production in solar flares are closely related. However, the results also call attention to the inconsistency in apparent source heights of the hard X-ray (chromosphere) and white-light (upper photosphere) sources.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

ANÁLISE SOCIOECONÔMICA DA PRODUÇÃO DE CAPÍTULOS FLORAIS E ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE CULTIVARES DE CAMOMILA

Chamomile [Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert] is one of the most cultivated and used medicinal plants in Brazil and in the world. The Mandirituba presented the best yield of floral chapitulas, essential oil and the best economic yield among the analyzed chamomile cultivars, and also when compared to annual soybean, corn and wheat crops harvested in the metropolitan area of Curitiba. The best economic alternative for the family farmer is the commercialization of the dried product (floral capitulas and mixed chamomile) for tea and pharmaceutical industries. The culture contributes to regional development through economic and social benefits to producers and municipalities due to high income per area and intensive use of labor in all crop phases and an excellent alternative of low environmental impact production.A camomila [Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert] é uma das plantas medicinais mais cultivadas e utilizadas no Brasil e no mundo. A cultivar Mandirituba apresentou a melhor produtividade de capítulos florais, óleo essencial e o melhor rendimento econômico entre as cultivares de camomila analisadas, e também quando comparada com culturas anuais de soja, milho e trigo exploradas na região metropolitana de Curitiba. A melhor alternativa econômica para o agricultor familiar é a comercialização do produto seco (capítulos florais e camomila mista) para as indústrias de chás e farmacêuticas. A cultura contribui para o desenvolvimento regional, através dos benefícios econômicos e sociais aos produtores e municípios pela alta renda por área e uso intensivo de mão de obra em todas as fases da cultura e uma excelente alternativa de produção de baixo impacto ambiental

Glutei Paralysis and Tendon Transference. An Evaluatian of A Method

A method of tendon transference is employed to relieve the poliomyelitic gluteus limp. We believe that in order to remedy the gluteus limp, opposite sacrospinalis muscle is the best choice as a power source because it works synergistic with the affected glutei. On this belief, we have operated on twenty poliomyelitic patients with affected glutei since 1958. The short term results of this experiment have been found to be satisfactory. There remains, however, much problems to be studied in order to find techniques for building up muscle bulk and its size as a power source