Experimental Demonstration of Adaptive Quantum State Estimation

The first experimental demonstration of an adaptive quantum state estimation (AQSE) is reported. The strong consistency and asymptotic efficiency of AQSE have been mathematically proven [ A. Fujiwara J. Phys. A 39 12489 (2006)]. In this Letter, the angle of linear polarization of single photons, the phase parameter between the right and the left circularly polarization, is estimated using AQSE, and the strong consistency and asymptotic efficiency are experimentally verified. AQSE will provide a general useful method in both quantum information processing and metrology.Comment: 5pages, 4figure

H2O maser motions and the distance of the star forming region G192.16-3.84

We present the results of astrometic observations of H2O masers associated with the star forming region G192.16-3.84 with the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA). The H2O masers seem to be associated with two young stellar objects (YSOs) separated by \sim1200 AU as reported in previous observations. In the present observations, we successfully detected an annual parallax of 0.66 \pm 0.04 mas for the H2 O masers, which corresponds to a distance to G192.16-3.84 of D = 1.52 \pm 0.08 kpc from the Sun. The determined distance is shorter than the estimated kinematic distance. Using the annual parallax distance and the estimated parameters of the millimeter continuum emission, we estimate the mass of the disk plus circumstellar cloud in the southern young stellar object to be 10.0+4.3M\cdot. We also estimate the galactocentric distance and the peculiar motion -3.6 of G192.16-3.84, relative to a circular Galactic rotation: R\star = 9.99 \pm 0.08 kpc, Z\star = -0.10 \pm 0.01 kpc, and (U\star,V\star,W\star)=(-2.8\pm1.0,-10.5\pm0.3,4.9\pm2.7)[kms-1]respectively. The peculiar motion of G192.16-3.84 is within that typically found in recent VLBI astrometric results. The angular distribution and three-dimensional velocity field of H2O maser features associated with the northern YSO indicate the existence of a bipolar outflow with a major axis along the northeast-southwest direction.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures and 4 tables. Accepted for publication on PAS

人工種苗生産されたキジハタ仔稚魚の遊泳・摂餌関連形質の発達

人工種苗生産されたキジハタ仔稚魚について、遊泳と摂餌に関する形質の発育を記載し発育段階の設定を行った。遊泳では以下の5段階に分けられた：1）遊泳未発達期（D0～1）－遊泳に関する形質は出現しない時期；2）浮遊および胸鰭発達期（D2～9）－肩帯の構成要素が出現する時期；3）尾鰭推進準備期（D10－12～15－17）－脊索末端の上屈が開始・完了する時期；4）尾鰭＋体全体推進期（D15－17～20－22）－脊椎要素が出現・完成し、臀鰭と腹鰭、尾鰭の鰭条が定数になる時期；5）遊泳機能完成期（D20－22～）－稚魚としての遊泳能力が獲得される時期。摂餌でも以下の5段階に分けられた：1）摂餌未発達期（D0～2）－未開口で内部栄養に依存する時期；2）初期吸込み期（D3～9）－口腔を形成する要素が出現し、開口したことで陰圧を利用した摂餌が可能となる時期；3）吸込み摂餌期（D10－12～20－22）－口腔を形成する要素の化骨により吸込み機能が強化され、上顎に占める前上顎骨の長さが一定になることで口の開閉能力が増す時期；4）吸込み＋噛みつき期（D20－22～35）－摂餌関連形質はすべて出現・完成し、顎歯だけでなく前鋤骨歯や口蓋骨歯も出現する時期；5）摂餌機能完成期（D35～）－稚魚としての摂餌能力が獲得される時期。本研究の結果から、本種の初期飼育の困難さの一因が、内部栄養から外部栄養に切り替わる期間の遊泳・摂餌関連形質の発育の遅さであることが判明した。さらにD30を過ぎると、群れを形成するとともに、共食いの萌芽行動である「J字」ポーズが見られた。本研究の結果は、今後の本種をふくむハタ科魚類の種苗生産の新しい管理手法の開発に資すると期待される。Based on the development of swimming- and feeding-related characters, ontogenetic intervals of larvae and juveniles were investigated for hatchery-reared red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara. Five phases each were recognized for the development of swimming and feeding functions as follows. Swimming: 1) the phase with less active swimming (hatching to 1 day after hatching, D1); 2) the phase with body control by pectoral fins (D2～D9); 3) the phase with preparation of caudal fin propulsion (D10-12～D15-17); 4) the phase with caudal fin and whole body propulsion (D15-17～D20-22); 5) the phase of juvenile swimming mode (beyond D20-22). Feeding: 1) the phase with endogenous nutrient (hatching to D2); 2) the phase with initial feeding of sucking (D3～D9); 3) the phase with sucking ability increasing (D10-12～D20-22); 4) the phase with sucking and initial biting (D20-22～D35); 5) the phase of juvenile feeding mode (beyond D35). The present study revealed that the difficulties of larval rearing of the species would be partly due to the delay of development of characters related to swimming- and feeding-functions during the changeover from endogenous to exogenous feeding. After D30, the juveniles with functional swimming- and feeding-mode showed both swimming in schools and posing with “J-posture”, the latter being considered to be the onset of cannibalistic behavior. The results of present study are expected to contribute to the improvement of larval rearing system in groupers.今井 智・小金隆之・山下貴示: 国立研究開発法人水産研究・教育機構瀬戸内海区水産研究所資源生産部Satoshi IMAI, Takayuki KOGANE, Takashi YAMASHITA: Stock Enhancement and Aquaculture Department, National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency河野 博: 東京海洋大学学術研究院海洋環境科学部門 魚類学研究室Hiroshi KOHNO: Laboratory of Ichthyology, Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT

“All-on-Four”コンセプトに基づいて即時荷重を適用したインプラントの力学解析

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical behavior of immediately loaded implants in an edentulous mandible according to the "All-on-Four" concept. METHODS: A 3D-finite element model of an edentulous mandible was constructed. Four implants were placed between the bilateral mental foramen according to "All-on-Four" concept. A framework made of titanium or acrylic resin between the bilateral first molars was modeled. Immediate loading and a delayed loading protocol were simulated. A vertical load of 200N was applied at the cantilever or on the abutments region of the distal implants, simulating the absence of a cantilever. RESULTS: The peak principal compressive strains in the immediate loading models resulted in 24.0-35.8% and 26.4-39.0% increases compared with the delayed loading models under non-cantilever loading and cantilever loading, respectively. The loading position greatly affected the principal compressive and tensile strain values. The peak principal compressive strains in non-cantilever loading resulted in a 45.3-52.6% reduction compared with those in cantilever loading. The framework material did not influence the peak compressive and tensile strain. The maximum micromotion at the bone-implant interface in the immediate loading models was 7.5-14.4μm. CONCLUSIONS: Mandibular fixed full-arch prostheses without cantilevers may result in a favorable reduction of the peri-implant bone strain during the healing period, compared with cantilevers. The maximum micromotion was within the acceptable limits for uneventful implant osseointegration in the immediate loading models. Framework material did not play an important role in reducing the peri-implant bone strain and micromotion at the bone-implant interface.博士（医学）・乙第1398号・平成29年3月15日Copyright © 2016 Japan Prosthodontic Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Factors associated with the modulation of pain by visual distortion of body size

Modulation of pain using visual distortion of body size (VDBS) has been the subject of various reports. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of VDBS on pain has been less often studied. In the present study, factors associated with modulation of pain threshold by VDBS were investigated. Visual feedback in the form of a magnified image of the hand was provided to 44 healthy adults to examine changes in pain. In participants with a higher pain threshold when visual feedback of a magnified image of the hand was provided, the two-point discrimination threshold decreased. In contrast, participants with a lower pain threshold with visual feedback of a magnified image of the hand experienced unpleasant emotions toward the magnified image of the hand. Interestingly, this emotional reaction was strongly associated with negative body consciousness in several subjects. These data suggested an analgesic effect of visual feedback in the form of a magnified image of the hand is only when tactile perception is vivid and the emotional reaction toward the magnified image is moderate. The results also suggested that negative body consciousness is important for the modulation of pain using VDBS

Successful Treatment of a Mixed Neuroendocrine-Nonneuroendocrine Neoplasm of the Colon with Metastases to the Thyroid Gland and Liver

Patients with mixed neuroendocrine-nonneuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) of the colon have poor prognosis. Herein, we report a patient with MiNEN of the colon with metastases to the liver and the thyroid gland, with long-term survival. A 45-year-old man presented with anterior neck swelling. Histopathological examination of the thyroid tumor revealed neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC), suggesting that a primary NEC in another organ had metastasized to the thyroid gland. Computed tomography to identify a primary NEC revealed two tumors: one in the liver and one in the transverse colon. A biopsy revealed that the histopathology of the liver and colon tumors was NEC and adenocarcinoma, respectively. Thereafter, the patient underwent surgical resection of the colon tumor and was finally diagnosed as colon MiNEN with metastases to the thyroid and liver. The surgical resection of the metastatic liver tumor was performed after several courses of systemic chemotherapy, and the patient survives presently without any recurrence for approximately seven years after the diagnosis. Surgical resection of each metastatic lesion combined with systematic chemotherapy apparently improved the prognosis of MiNEN of the colon with distant metastases

Rotation in the NGC 1333 IRAS 4C Outflow

We report molecular line observations of the NGC 1333 IRAS 4C outflow in the Perseus Molecular Cloud with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array. The CCH and CS emission reveal an outflow cavity structure with clear signatures of rotation with respect to the outflow axis. The rotation is detected from about 120 au up to about 1400 au above the envelope/disk mid-plane. As the distance to the central source increases, the rotation velocity of the outflow decreases while the outflow radius increases, which gives a flat specific angular momentum distribution along the outflow. The mean specific angular momentum of the outflow is about 100 au km/s. Based on reasonable assumptions on the outward velocity of the outflow and the protostar mass, we estimate the range of outflow launching radii to be 5-15 au. Such a launching radius rules out that this outflow is launched as an X-wind, but rather, it is more consistent to be a slow disk wind launched from relatively large radii on the disk. The radius of the centrifugal barrier is roughly estimated, and the role of the centrifugal barrier in the outflow launching is discussed.Comment: Accepted to ApJ. 29 pages, 8 figure