Influence of implant length and diameter, bicortical anchorage, and sinus augmentation on bone stress distribution: Three-dimensional finite element analysis

Purpose: Clarification of the protocol for using short implants is required to enable widespread use of short implants as an available treatment option. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of implant length and diameter, bicortical anchorage, and sinus augmentation on peri-implant cortical bone stress by three-dimensional finite element analysis. Materials and Methods: For bone models with bone quantity A and C in the maxillary molar region, three-dimensional finite element analysis was performed using different lengths and diameters of implant computer-aided design models, and the degree of maximum principal stress distribution for each model was calculated. Results: For bone quantity A models, the degree of stress distribution of the 4-mm-diameter, 6-mm-length implant was the greatest. For bone quantity C models, the degree of stress distribution of the 5-mm-diameter, 6-mm-length implant with bicortical anchorage was much smaller than that for the 4-mm-diameter, 13-mm-length implant with sinus augmentation. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that 6-mm-length implants should be selected in cases with bone quantity C where the bone width permits increasing implant diameter from 4 mm to 5 mm.Moriwaki H., Yamaguchi S., Nakano T., et al. Influence of implant length and diameter, bicortical anchorage, and sinus augmentation on bone stress distribution: Three-dimensional finite element analysis. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants 31, 84 (2016); https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.4217

Discovery of parity-violating Majorana fermions in a chiral superconductor Sr2RuO4

We found parity-violating Majorana fermions in a chiral superconductor Sr2RuO4. The current-voltage curves show an anomalous behavior: The induced voltage is an even function of the bias current. The magnetic field dependent results suggest the excitation of the Majorana fermions along the closed chiral edge current of the single domain under bias current. We also discuss the relationship between a change of the chirality and spontaneous magnetization of the single domain Sr2RuO4

Co-appearance of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in a Ca2_2RuO4_4 nanofilm crystal

By tuning the physical and chemical pressures of layered perovskite materials we can realize the quantum states of both superconductors and insulators. By reducing the thickness of a layered crystal to a nanometer level, a nanofilm crystal can provide novel quantum states that have not previously been found in bulk crystals. Here we report the realization of high-temperature superconductivity in Ca$_2$RuO$_4$ nanofilm single crystals. Ca$_2$RuO$_4$ thin film with the highest transition temperature $T_c$ (midpoint) of 64~K exhibits zero resistance in electric transport measurements. The superconducting critical current exhibited a logarithmic dependence on temperature and was enhanced by an external magnetic field. Magnetic measurements revealed a ferromagnetic transition at 180~K and diamagnetic magnetization due to superconductivity. Our results suggest the co-appearance of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in Ca$_2$RuO$_4$ nanofilm crystals. We also found that the induced bias current and the tuned film thickness caused a superconductor-insulator transition. The fabrication of micro-nanocrystals made of layered material enables us to discuss rich superconducting phenomena in ruthenates

Bose glass and Fermi glass

It is known that two-dimensional superconducting materials undergo a quantum phase transition from a localized state to superconductivity. When the disordered samples are cooled, bosons (Cooper pairs) are generated from Fermi glass and reach superconductivity through Bose glass. However, there has been no universal expression representing the transition from Fermi glass to Bose glass. Here, we discovered an experimental renormalization group flow from Fermi glass to Bose glass in terms of simple β-function analysis. To discuss the universality of this flow, we analyzed manifestly different systems, namely a Nd-based two-dimensional layered perovskite and an ultrathin Pb film. We find that all our experimental data for Fermi glass fall beautifully into the conventional self-consistent β-function. Surprisingly, however, flows perpendicular to the conventional β-function are observed in the weakly localized regime of both systems, where localization becomes even weaker. Consequently, we propose a universal transition from Bose glass to Fermi glass with the new two-dimensional critical sheet resistance close to R□=h/e2.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Increased fibrosis and impaired intratumoral accumulation of macromolecules in a murine model of pancreatic cancer co-administered with FGF-2

Pancreatic cancer is notorious for its poor prognosis. The histopathologic characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is the most common type of pancreatic cancer, is fibrosis within tumor tissue. Although fibrosis within tumor tissue is thought to impede drug therapy by interfering with the intratumoral accumulation of anti-tumor drugs, this hypothesis has yet to be proven directly in preclinical models. Here, we evaluated the effect of enhanced fibrosis on intratumoral accumulation of macromolecular drugs by increasing fibrosis in a murine tumor model of subcutaneously xenografted BxPC-3, a human PDAC cell line. When fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) was co-administered upon BxPC-3 inoculation, stromal fibrotic area was increased and was characterized by augmented murine collagen accumulation compared to inoculation of BxPC-3 alone, which correlated with increased monocyte/macrophage contents in the tumor tissues. We further discovered that the intratumoral accumulation of intravenously administrated fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran of 2,000,000 Da (2 MDa) was significantly reduced in the FGF-2 co-administered tumors despite unaltered hyaluronan accumulation and pericyte coverage of the tumor neovasculature and increased lymphangiogenesis. Finally, we found that FGF-2 co-administered tumors are more refractory to macromolecular drug therapy using nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane). The model established and analyzed in this study, characterized by increased fibrotic component, provides a preclinical animal model suited to predict the intratumoral accumulation of macromolecular drugs and to evaluate the efficacy of drugs targeting the tumor stroma

¿Cómo se crece en un contexto multilingüe? Informe de un cuestionario en un instituto de secundaria internacional

In this era of globalization, Japanese teachers as well as teachers in other areas of the world have increasing chances of encountering bilingual students such as returnees and immigrants. It is important to understand the development of these students. The authors conducted a survey about bilingualism on 60 bilingual high school students at an international school in Japan. The survey questions asked about the students’ background and their experiences as a bilingual. Twenty-nine students responded to the survey. The responses were classified according to whether the reported advantages/disadvantages were linguistic, socio-cultural or identity-related. Linguistic disadvantages as well as advantages were experienced by most students. Bilingual influences on identity were mostly favorable, but some difficulties were common. Despite these disadvantages, socio-cultural advantages were prominent. It was reassuring to see that many bilingual high school students felt they were socio-culturally advantaged and mostly felt secure about their identity as a bilingual. However, we should not dismiss linguistic difficulties experienced by many of them and some cases of insecure identity, as these are crucially related to the mental health and creation of self-identity that is typical of adolescence.En la era de la globalización, los maestros y maestras japoneses así como los de otras partes del mundo tienen posibilidades crecientes de encontrarse con estudiantes que crecen en entornos multilingües como el alumnado inmigrante o retornado. Es importante entender el desarrollo de estos estudiantes. Los autores y autoras realizaron un cuestionario sobre la vida multilingüe de 60 estudiantes de secundaria en una escuela internacional de Japón. El cuestionario pregunta sobre el contexto de los estudiantes y sus experiencias de crecimiento en un entorno multilingüe. Veintinueve estudiantes respondieron el cuestionario. Las respuestas fueron clasificadas de acuerdo con las ventajas y desventajas identificadas que fueron lingüísticas, socio-culturales o relacionadas con la identidad. Las desventajas lingüísticas así como las ventajas fueron experimentadas por muchos estudiantes. Las influencias multilingües sobre la identidad fueron mayormente favorables, pero algunas dificultades fueron comunes. Además de estas desventajas, las ventajas socio-culturales fueron prominentes. Se pudo reafirmar que muchos de los estudiantes se sentían aventajados socio-culturalmente y con seguridad sobre su identidad multilingüe. Sin embargo, no tendríamos que desestimar las dificultades lingüísticas que experimentaron muchos de ellos en relación a la inseguridad identitaria que tuvieron típica de la adolescencia y como se encuentran crucialmente relacionada con la salud mental y la construcción de una identidad propia

Significance of Bilateral Mediastinal Lymph Nodes Dissection through Median Sternotomy in Non-Small Lung Cancer

We report therapeutic results of bilateral mediastinal lymph nodes dissection through median sternotomy in 8 cases. The prognosis was poor in N3 cases by pathological diagnosis. The cases suspected to have contralateral mediastinal lymph node metastasis by preoperative imaging diagnosis may include N2. Then, appropriate preoperative diagnosis by mediastinoscopy, etc. is important. However, mediastinoscopy can not be complete, and so it is an option to conduct bilateral dissection positively in the who may be N3. Cytobiological prognosis evaluation was not useful in these patients of advanced cancer

Reexpansion Pulmonary Edema after Drainage of a Spontaneous Pneumothorax

Abstract: We report a case of life-threatening reexpansion pulmonary edema following chest tube drainage of spontaneous pneumothorax. Reviewing the literature, pathophysiology, symptoms and therapy of this complication were discussed. Physicians must be aware of the occurrence of reexpansion pulmonary edema following reinflation of the collapsed lung