Efficient generation of highly squeezed light and second harmonic wave with periodically poled MgO:LiNbO_3

We report on effective generation of continuous-wave squeezed light and second harmonics with a periodically poled MgO:LiNbO$_{\mathrm{3}}$ (PPMgLN) crystal which enables us to utilize the large nonlinear optical coefficient $d_{\mathrm{33}}$. We achieved the squeezing level of $-7.60 \pm 0.15$dB at 860 nm by utilizing a subthreshol optical parametric oscillator with a PPMgLN crystal. We also generated 400 mW of second harmonics at 430 nm from 570 mW of fundamental waves with 70% of conversion efficiency by using a PPMgLN crystal inside an external cavity.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

婦人科手術術後の症候性肺血栓塞栓症予防スクリーニングの有用性についての検討

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a sequential screening method's efficacy in predicting symptomatic pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) after gynecologic surgery. METHODS: A prospective study employing a two-stage screening process was conducted among consecutive asymptomatic adults who underwent outpatient evaluation for gynecologic surgery at Nara Medical University Hospital, Japan, between April 1, 2004, and December 31, 2013. Patients with a preoperative plasma D-dimer level greater than or equal to 1.0μg/mL underwent compression ultrasonography of the lower extremities. The primary outcome measure was postoperative detection of symptomatic PTE. RESULTS: Overall, 1729 patients were included. The mean D-dimer level was 1.7±3.3μg/mL. Compression ultrasonography was conducted among 470 (27.1%) patients with positive D-dimer test results; symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was preoperatively detected among 94 (20.0%) of them. Patients with DVT (n=94) had higher D-dimer levels than patients (n=1635) without (7.8±12.8μg/mL vs 1.1±1.8μg/mL; P<0.001). Despite anticoagulant therapy, symptomatic PTE was detected postoperatively among two of these 94 patients. Symptomatic PTE was also detected among four of 376 patients with positive D-dimer test results but no evidence of DVT by ultrasonography. No clinical onset of postoperative PTE was observed among 1259 patients with D-dimer levels below the cut-off value. CONCLUSION: The PROVEN screening strategy (Preoperative surveillance using a sequential strategy) was ineffective at predicting postoperative symptomatic PTE.博士（医学）・乙第1375号・平成28年3月15日Copyright © 2015 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Cystic Lymphangioma of the Pancreas with Spontaneous Rupture: Report of a Case

Lymphangioma is a benign and congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. Most lymphangiomas are preferentially located in the head and neck region. The abdominal organs are uncommon sites of origin. Several cases of lymphangioma in abdominal organs were reported, however, the pancreas is one of the rarest origins. Generally, intra-abdominal lymphangioma is asymptomatic and found incidentally, but in some cases, the patient complains of abdominal distension or a palpable mass. We describe the case of a 38-year-old male who presented with sudden-onset upper abdominal pain. Rupture of a cystic tumor of the pancreatic head was suspected, based on the findings of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasonography. Subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was undertaken. The tumor, which was 4 × 4.5 × 8 cm in size, was pathologically diagnosed as a cystic lymphangioma. In conclusion, pancreatic lymphangioma is mostly asymptomatic, a ruptured case causing ‘acute abdomen’ has never been reported. Since lymphangioma is benign, it could be observed with accurate diagnosis. The surgical indication would be limited to cases of symptomatic lymphangiomas

Effectiveness of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy for intermediate-risk stage IB cervical cancer

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of systemic chemotherapy following radical hysterectomy for women with intermediate-risk stage IB cervical cancer.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of a previously organized nation-wide cohort study examining 6,003 women with stage IB-IIB cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy between 2004 and 2008 in Japan. Survival of 555 women with stage IB cervical cancer in the intermediate-risk group (deep stromal invasion > 50%, large tumor size > 4 cm, and lympho-vascular space invasion [LVSI]) were examined based on adjuvant therapy patterns: chemotherapy alone (n = 223, 40.2%), concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (n = 172, 31.0%), and radiotherapy alone (n = 160, 28.8%).Results: The most common intermediate-risk pattern was LVSI with deep stromal invasion (n = 216, 38.5%). The most common chemotherapeutic choice was taxane/platinum (52.2%). Women with adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous histology were more likely to receive chemotherapy (P = 0.03), and intermediate-risk pattern was not associated with chemotherapy use (P = 0.11). Women who received systemic chemotherapy had disease-free survival (5-year rate, 88.1% versus 90.2%, adjusted-hazard ratio (HR) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52–1.83, P = 0.94) and cause-specific survival (95.4% versus 94.8%, adjusted-HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.34–2.07, P = 0.71) similar to those who received concurrent chemo-radiotherapy on multivariable analysis. Similar results were seen among 329 women with multiple intermediate-risk factors (5-year rates for disease-free survival, chemotherapy versus concurrent chemo-radiotherapy, 87.1% versus 90.2%, P = 0.86; and cause-specific survival 94.6% versus 93.4%, P = 0.82). Cumulative local-recurrence (P = 0.77) and distant-recurrence (P = 0.94) risks were similar across the adjuvant therapy types.Conclusions: Our study suggests that systemic chemotherapy may be an alternative treatment choice for adjuvant therapy in intermediate-risk stage IB cervical cancer

急性心筋梗塞にて突然死したFibromuscular Dysplasiaの1例

We have recently encountered a patient presenting an sudden cardiac death secondary to acute myocardial infarction as a complication of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) involving the coronary artery. A 30 years old woman, who had a 6 year history of hyperthyroidism, was carried to our hospital because of sudden cardiac arrest. With no vital signs at arrival, advanced life support make her heart beat and gave a stable hemodynamic condition, which allowed us to make a diagnosis of acute broad anterior myocardial infarction with electrocardiography, echocardiography and serum CK-MB isoenzyme. Her brain activity did not recovered. She died on day 6 of hospitalization. Postmortem examination confirmed a broad anterior wall infarction of a histologic age of several days. Histologic examination also revealed intimal fibrous thickening with an increase of smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers in the right coronary and the anterior descending branch of the left coronary arteries, as well as the vertebral, bronchial, intra-renal and superior mesenteric arteries. Whereas no complete obstruction in the coronary artery was found at autopsy, it seems likely that the intracoronary luminal narrowing induced by fibromuscular hyperplasia might have precipitated a myocardial ischemic insult which caused the sudden cardiac death. Although FMD of the coronary artery has been rare in literature, it is necessary to consider FMD in the differential diagnosis of identifiable causes of sudden death, particularly in the young generation

Candidate Brown-dwarf Microlensing Events with Very Short Timescales and Small Angular Einstein Radii

Short-timescale microlensing events are likely to be produced by substellar brown dwarfs (BDs), but it is difficult to securely identify BD lenses based on only event timescales t_E because short-timescale events can also be produced by stellar lenses with high relative lens-source proper motions. In this paper, we report three strong candidate BD-lens events found from the search for lensing events not only with short timescales (t_E ≲ 6 days) but also with very small angular Einstein radii (θ_E ≲ 0.05 mas) among the events that have been found in the 2016–2019 observing seasons. These events include MOA-2017-BLG-147, MOA-2017-BLG-241, and MOA-2019-BLG-256, in which the first two events are produced by single lenses and the last event is produced by a binary lens. From the Monte Carlo simulations of Galactic events conducted with the combined t_E and θ_E constraint, it is estimated that the lens masses of the individual events are 0.051^(+0.100)_(−0.027) M⊙, 0.044^(+0.090)_(−0.023) M⊙, and 0.046^(+0.067)_(−0.023) M⊙/0.038^(+0.056)_(−0.019) M⊙ and the probability of the lens mass smaller than the lower limit of stars is ~80% for all events. We point out that routine lens mass measurements of short-timescale lensing events require survey-mode space-based observations

A Gas Giant Planet in the OGLE-2006-BLG-284L Stellar Binary System

We present the analysis of microlensing event OGLE-2006-BLG-284, which has a lens system that consists of two stars and a gas giant planet with a mass ratio of $q_p = (1.26\pm 0.19) \times 10^{-3}$ to the primary. The mass ratio of the two stars is $q_s = 0.289\pm 0.011$, and their projected separation is $s_s = 2.1\pm 0.7\,$AU, while the projected separation of the planet from the primary is $s_p = 2.2\pm 0.8\,$AU. For this lens system to have stable orbits, the three-dimensional separation of either the primary and secondary stars or the planet and primary star must be much larger than that these projected separations. Since we do not know which is the case, the system could include either a circumbinary or a circumstellar planet. Because there is no measurement of the microlensing parallax effect or lens system brightness, we can only make a rough Bayesian estimate of the lens system masses and brightness. We find host star and planet masses of $M_{L1} = 0.35^{+0.30}_{-0.20}\,M_\odot$, $M_{L2} = 0.10^{+0.09}_{-0.06}\,M_\odot$, and $m_p = 144^{+126}_{-82}\,M_\oplus$, and the $K$-band magnitude of the combined brightness of the host stars is $K_L = 19.7^{+0.7}_{-1.0}$. The separation between the lens and source system will be $\sim 90\,$mas in mid-2020, so it should be possible to detect the host system with follow-up adaptive optics or Hubble Space Telescope observations