Interesting in literary works and enjoying in studies of engineering

東京商船大学名誉教

女子大生における心理学的タイプと精神的健康，主観的適応との関連

The relations among Jungʼs psychological types, mental health, and subjective adjustment for undergraduate female students were investigated. Undergraduate female students（ n = 256） completed the Jung Psychological Types Scale（ JPTS） and General Health Questionnaire 28（ GHQ 28）, whereas another female students（ n = 240） completed JPTS and the subjective adjustment scale（ Among 240 students, 153 students completed all scales）. Results indicated that “anxiety and sleeplessness” and “tendency of depression” scores on the GHQ 28 were significantly lower in introverted feeling types than extraverted feeling types. Total scores on the subjective adjustment scale were significantly lower in introverted feeling or sensationtypes than extraverted feeling or intuition types. These results suggest that the introverted feeling types of Jungʼs typology tend to be associated with relatively low levels of mental health and adaptation

Common Defects of Spine Dynamics and Circuit Function in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review of Findings From in Vivo Optical Imaging of Mouse Models

In vivo optical imaging is a powerful tool for revealing brain structure and function at both the circuit and cellular levels. Here, we provide a systematic review of findings obtained from in vivo imaging studies of mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders, including the monogenic disorders fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, and Angelman syndrome, which are caused by genetic abnormalities of FMR1, MECP2, and UBE3A, as well as disorders caused by copy number variations (15q11-13 duplication and 22q11.2 deletion) and BTBR mice as an inbred strain model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Most studies visualize the structural and functional responsiveness of cerebral cortical neurons to sensory stimuli and the developmental and experience-dependent changes in these responses as a model of brain functions affected by these disorders. The optical imaging techniques include two-photon microscopy of fluorescently labeled dendritic spines or neurons loaded with fluorescent calcium indicators and macroscopic imaging of cortical activity using calcium indicators, voltage-sensitive dyes or intrinsic optical signals. Studies have revealed alterations in the density, stability, and turnover of dendritic spines, aberrant cortical sensory responses, impaired inhibitory function, and concomitant failure of circuit maturation as common causes for neurological deficits. Mechanistic hypotheses derived from in vivo imaging also provide new directions for therapeutic interventions. For instance, it was recently demonstrated that early postnatal administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) restores impaired cortical inhibitory function and ameliorates the aberrant social behaviors in a mouse model of ASD. We discuss the potential use of SSRIs for treating ASDs in light of these findings

High-pressure droplet combustion studies

This is a joint research program, pursued by investigators at the University of Tokyo, UCSD, and NASA Lewis Research Center. The focus is on high-pressure combustion of miscible binary fuel droplets. It involves construction of an experimental apparatus in Tokyo, mating of the apparatus to a NASA-Lewis 2.2-second drop-tower frame in San Diego, and performing experiments in the 2.2-second tower in Cleveland, with experimental results analyzed jointly by the Tokyo, UCSD, and NASA investigators. The project was initiated in December, 1990 and has now involved three periods of drop-tower testing by Mikami at Lewis. The research accomplished thus far concerns the combustion of individual fiber-supported droplets of mixtures of n-heptane and n-hexadecane, initially about 1 mm diameter, under free-fall microgravity conditions. Ambient pressures ranged up to 3.0 MPa, extending above the critical pressures of both pure fuels, in room-temperature nitrogen-oxygen atmospheres having oxygen mole fractions X of 0.12 and 0.13. The general objective is to study near-critical and super-critical combustion of these droplets and to see whether three-stage burning, observed at normal gravity, persists at high pressures in microgravity. Results of these investigations will be summarized here; a more complete account soon will be published

Multicell Model for Ground Water Recharge Analysis: The Ibi River Basin, Japan

A coupled water quantity/quality model was developed and applied to estimate ground water recharge and simulate tracer concentrations in the Ibi River Basin of Japan. The ground water basin was divided into five sub-basins, each of which contains a surface reservoir and up to three subsurface reservoirs. The reservoirs exchange water and solute mass among themselves and contribute direct runoff and base flow to adjacent streams. The simulation model is parameterized in terms of 14 water quantity and three water quality parameters. A parameter calibration procedure was implemented wherein streamflow and tracer concentration data were used in parameter estimation. Prior information on the parameters can be used to initialize and constrain calibrated parameters. The calibrated model was validated successfully and used to simulate Na+ and Ca2+ and to estimate ground water recharge in the sub-basins and the Ibi River Basin as a whole. Ground water recharge varied substantially among sub-drainage basins, reflecting the predominant role of precipitation variability in determining deep percolation to the first confined aquifer. It was determined that about 10% of the gross precipitation becomes ground water recharge over the entire Ibi River Basin. Analysis of ground water recharge to a large pulse of precipitation demonstrated the important effect of impermeable clay layers in controlling the magnitude and timing of deep ground water recharge. The validation results indicate that the equilibrium concentrations of Na+ and Ca2+ in the first confined aquifer have negligible sensitivity to their initial concentrations in the simulation model. Similar behavior was observed for the equilibrium concentrations of these two tracers in reservoir 3, and to a lesser extent in reservoir 2. The top reservoir exhibited large fluctuations in tracer concentrations due to the effect of direct rainfall input

Urban Goods Transport of Medan: Basic Survey and Scenario Analysis

Abstract. This paper intends to propose a simple and effective methodology to collect urban goods transport data in developing cities and to analyze the urban policies based on the freight traffic flow model. As a case study, we surveyed the goods transport in Medan, Indonesia. We interviewed the related people, counted the traffic flows at major road accessing the CBD, and interviewed enterprises to collect the goods transport data. We estimated the freight traffic flow simulation model by synthesizing the collected data. Then, two land-use scenarios of the area where the airport is now located are discussed under the condition that the airport will be relocated. By applying the model, we found that the traffic volume and air pollution will increase when no countermeasure is taken in the commercial development scenario

Estimation of Land Surface Albedo from GCOM-C/SGLI Surface Reflectance

XXIV ISPRS Congress “Imaging today, foreseeing tomorrow, ” Commission III2021 edition, 5–9 July 2021This paper examines algorithms for estimating terrestrial albedo from the products of the Global Change Observation Mission – Climate (GCOM-C)/Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI), which was launched in December 2017 by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. We selected two algorithms: one based on a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model and one based on multi-regression models. The former determines kernel-driven BRDF model parameters from multiple sets of reflectance and estimates the land surface albedo from those parameters. The latter estimates the land surface albedo from a single set of reflectance with multi-regression models. The multi-regression models are derived for an arbitrary geometry from datasets of simulated albedo and multi-angular reflectance. In experiments using in situ multi-temporal data for barren land, deciduous broadleaf forests, and paddy fields, the albedos estimated by the BRDF-based and multi-regression-based algorithms achieve reasonable root-mean-square errors. However, the latter algorithm requires information about the land cover of the pixel of interest, and the variance of its estimated albedo is sensitive to the observation geometry. We therefore conclude that the BRDF-based algorithm is more robust and can be applied to SGLI operational albedo products for various applications, including climate-change research