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An investigation of the motivation, collaboration and satisfaction levels related to teamwork of Turkish football referees

During the past 10 to 15 years refereeing elite football matches has become much more demanding in terms of the physical and mental preparation referees have to undertake. This is because the game is now faster and the players fitter than ever before. So much so that referees have come to rely more and more on the other officials to ensure correct decisions. Thus, they have become more like a team leader rather than the sole arbiter they were for so long; cooperation is now essential for successful football refereeing. This study examines the attitudes of football referees towards teamwork, their levels of motivation and their job satisfaction according to their level of refereeing, age and experience. 285 referees and assistant referees, all of whom referee in professional leagues, took part in this study. From the results it was concluded that younger referees are likely to adopt a more 'managed', solo approach while older referees are more likely to adopt a more 'collaborative' approach. These findings provide a baseline for developing young referees' perception of and attitude towards teamwork and highlight the need for improvement

The investigation of the relation between middle class students’ EQ levels and moral decision making attitudes in sportsOrtaokul öğrencilerinin duygusal zeka düzeyleri ile sporda ahlaki karar alma tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi

The aim of this study is to identify the relation between EQ levels and attitudes to Moral Decision-making (Acceptance of Cheating, Acceptance of Gamesmanship and Keep winning in Proportion) of middle class students by cosidering gender factor. 277 students, who were studying in Etimesgut district of Ankara in 2015/2016 academic year, took part in this research. Students were chosen from 7th and 8th grade and all ofthemwere licensed or not licensed participants of different sport organisations withintheir schools. Attitudes to Moral Decison Making in Youth Sport Questionnaire (AMDYSQ) and Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory were used as data collection instruments. From the result, it was reached a significant relation between girl students’ EQ levels and Acceptance of Gamesmanship attitudes. Moral Decison grades vary accross gender in 0,05 level. Any transaction between gender and EQ scores was not reached. According to the result of this research, it wasconcluded that female students’ with  higher EQ scores, moral decison making attitudes were positively affected. Regarding male students, no significant difference was reached.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı orta öğretimdeki öğrencilerin Duygusal Zeka düzeyleri ile Sporda Ahlaki Karar Alma tutumları (Hileyi benimsemek, Yarışmaseverliği benimsemek, Adil kazanmayı benimsemek) arasındaki ilişkiyi cinsiyet değişkenini dikkate alarak belirlemektir. Araştırmaya 2015-2016 eğitim-öğretim yılında Ankara’nın Etimesgut ilçesinde 7 ve 8. Sınıflarda öğrenim gören ve okul takımlarında farklı branşlarda yarışmalara katılan lisanslı veya lisanssız 277 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırmada Nedensel Karşılaştırmalı Araştırma modeli esas alınmıştır. Veri toplama araçları olarak Altyapı Sporlarında Ahlaki Karar Alma Tutumları Ölçeği ve Bar-On Duygusal Zeka Ölçeği-Çocuk ve Ergen kullanılmıştır. Araştırma neticesinde kız öğrencilerde Duygusal Zeka ile Adil Kazanmayı Koruma arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Cinsiyete göre Ahlaki Karar düzeyleri 0,05 düzeyinde farklılık göstermektedir. Aynı şekilde Duygusal Zeka gruplarına göre Ahlaki karar puanları da 0,05 düzeyinde farklılık göstermektedir. Araştırma bulgularına göre Cinsiyet ile Duygusal Zeka Bölümleri arasında etkileşim bulunmamıştır. Araştırma sonucunda Duygusal Zeka puanı daha yüksek olan kız öğrencilerin Ahlaki Karar verme tutumlarının olumlu yönde etkilendiği belirlenmişken erkek öğrencilerde Duygusal Zeka düzeyleri ile Ahlaki karar alma tutumları arasında anlamlı bir fark elde edilmemiştir

Performance Comparison of the Specialized Alpha Male Genetic Algorithm With Some Evolutionary Algorithms

DergiPark: 452095trakyasobedAlpha Male GeneticAlgorithms are sexist and population based optimization tools that mimic theswarm behavior of animals. The algorithm consists on a socially partitionedpopulation of individuals where the partitions are formed by sexual selectionof females. In this paper, we suggest to use Linear Crossover and Hooke-Jeevesmethod for crossover and hybridization operators of Alpha Male GeneticAlgorithms, respectively. We perform a simulation study using a set ofwell-known test functions to reveal performance differences between thespecialized algorithm and some other well-known optimization techniquesincluding Genetic Algorithms, Differential Evolution, Particle SwarmOptimization, and Artificial Bee Colony Optimization. Simulation results showthat the specialized algorithm outperforms its counterparts in most of thecases.Alfa erkek genetikalgoritmalar cinsiyet farkı gözeten ve hayvan gruplarının hareketlerini takliteden topluluk tabanlı bir optimizasyon aracıdır. Algoritma, dişilerin eş seçimiile oluşturduğu sosyal olarak bölünmüş birey topluluklarına dayanmaktadır. Çalışmada,Alfa Erkek Genetik Algoritma’nın çaprazlama ve hibritleşme operatörü olaraksırasıyla Doğrusal Çaprazlama ve Hooke-Jeeves yöntemi kullanılmasıönerilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında özelleştirilmiş algoritma ile GenetikAlgoritmalar, Diferansiyel Evrim, Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu ve Yapay ArıKolonisi Optimizasyonu gibi iyi bilinen algoritmalar arasındaki performansfarklılıklarını ortaya çıkarabilmek için bilinen test fonksiyonları ile bir simülasyonçalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Simülasyon sonuçları, özelleştirilmişalgoritmanın çoğu durumda daha iyi performans sergilediğini göstermiştir

Lumped parameter reservoir models for low-temperature geothermal reservoirs

Bu çalışmada, düşük sıcaklıklı jeotermal rezervuarların üretim davranışı analitik olarak modellenmektedir. Modellerde üretim, enjeksiyon ve doğal beslenmenin, düşük sıcaklıklı ve sıvının etken olduğu bir jeotermal rezervuarın basınç veya su seviyesi üzerindeki etkileri göz önüne alınmaktadır. Modellemede rezervuar ve akifer ayrı ayrı tanklar olarak temsil edilmekte ve beslenme kaynağının etkisi incelenmektedir. Model sonuçları sabit debide üretim/tekrar-basma durumunda analitik ifadeler şeklinde verilmekte, debi değişimleri Duhamel ilkesi yaklaşımıyla modellenmektedir. Rezervuar ve akifere ait model parametrelerinin tahmin edilmesinde, doğrusal olmayan ağırlıklı en küçük-kareler parametre yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. İzlanda’daki düşük sıcaklıklı jeotermal sahalardan biri olan Laugarnes jeotermal sahası ile Türkiye’den bir örnek olarak Balçova-Narlıdere jeotermal sahasına ait üretim ve su seviyesi verileri kullanılarak modelleme çalışması yapılarak, model sonuçları ile saha verileri karşılaştırılmaktadır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Jeotermal rezervuar davranışı, doğal beslenme, analitik modeller.In this study, the production behavior of low-temperature geothermal reservoirs is simulated by analytical models. Models consider the effects of production and injection rates and natural recharge on the pressure or water level behavior of a low-temperature, liquid dominated geothermal reservoir. Reservoir and aquifer are represented by different tanks and the effect of recharge source is studied. Tank systems used in the modeling and represent the geothermal system, can be classified as 1 reservoir tank with recharge; 1 reservoir, 1 aquifer with recharge; 1 reservoir, 2 aquifers with recharge; 1 upper reservoir, 1 lower reservoir with recharge; 1 upper reservoir, 1 lower reservoir, 1 aquifer with recharge. The reservoir in which the production/reinjection occurs represents the innermost part of the geothermal system. The aquifer in which neither production nor reinjection occurs, recharges the reservoir. The recharge source represents the outermost part of the geothermal system. Model results for constant production/reinjection flow rates are given in the form of analytical expressions. Variable flow rate case is modeled by Duhamel?s principle. By using nonlinear weighted least-squares parameter estimation technique, measured field data are matched to model results, and thus reservoir and aquifer parameters are estimated. Model results are compared with the measured data for Laugarnes geothermal field located in Iceland. As an example from Turkey, Balcova-Narlidere geothermal field is investigated.Keywords: Geothermal reservoir behavior, natural recharge, analytical models

Percentage and severity of periodontal diseases in Turkish adults aged 35+ years, 2009‐10

ObjectiveThis article presents data on the burden of periodontal diseases in Turkish adults aged 35 years or older.MethodsWithin each region of Turkey, a rural and an urban area or city were selected in 2009‐10 using a probability proportional to size method. In the selected towns, local officials who were familiar with their communities assisted in recruiting subjects. Loss of Attachment (LOA) was measured at six sites around each tooth present in the mouth, excluding third molars. Additionally, the Community Periodontal Index was used to assess the severity of periodontal diseases around 12 index teeth. Self‐reported data on key risk factors were also collected. Weights were computed using a raking ratio adjustment procedure and used in all analyses.ResultsAlmost all examined adults had some loss of periodontal attachment. The proportion of those with more than 3 mm LOA ranged from 43 percent in 35‐44 year olds to 91 percent in those aged 65+ years. Among females, older age, low education status, smoking 11‐40+ cigarettes a day, being employed, and presence of high number of missing tooth surfaces were associated with LOA > 3 mm. Among males LOA >3 mm was associated with older age, use of alcohol, and unemployment. The CPI data did not yield the same associations with periodontal diseases and risk factors.ConclusionsPeriodontal diseases in Turkish adults are highly prevalent. A tailored common risk factor health promotion program is recommended to reduce the burden of periodontal infection in Turkey.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141786/1/jphd12211.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141786/2/jphd12211_am.pd