Agriculture as a source of fuel prospects and impacts, 2007 to 2017

Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF AN INCREASE IN FUEL-ETHANOL DEMAND ON AGRICULTURE AND THE ECONOMY

Fuel ethanol demand is projected to increase because of proposed ban on methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in gasoline, renewable fuels standard, and the revised eight-hour ozone standards. In this paper, several scenarios of increased fuel ethanol demand and its effects on crop and feed prices, farm income and state finances under current tax-subsidy structure, are analyzed using a multi-sector econometric model AGMOD.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Gene tree reconciliation: new developments in Bayesian concordance analysis with BUCKy

When phylogenetic trees inferred from different genes are incongruent, several methods are available to reconcile gene trees and extract the shared phylogenetic information from the sequence data. Bayesian Concordance Analysis, implemented in BUCKy, aims to extract the vertical signal and to infer clusters of genes that share the same tree topology. The new version of BUCKy includes a quartet-based estimate of the species tree with branch lengths in coalescent units

Bacteriophages as a model for studying carbon regulation in aquatic system

The interconversion of carbon in organic, inorganic and refractory carbon is still beyond the grasp of present environmentalists. The bacteria and their phages, being the most abundant constituents of the aquatic environment, represent an ideal model for studing carbon regulation in the aquatic system. The refractory dissolved organic carbon (DOC), a recently coined terminology from the microbe-driven conversion of bioavailable organic carbon into difficult-to-digest refractory DOC by microbial carbon pump (MCP), is suggested to have the potential to revolutionize our view of carbon sequestration. It is estimated that about 95% of organic carbon is in the form of refractory DOC, which is the largest pool of organic matter in the ocean. The refractory DOC is supposed to be the major factor in the global carbon cycle whose source is not yet well understood. A key element of the carbon cycle is the microbial conversion of dissolved organic carbon into inedible forms. The time studies of phage-host interaction under control conditions reveal their impact on the total carbon content of the source and their interconversion among organic, inorganic and other forms of carbon with respect to control source. The TOC- analysis statistics stipulate an increase in inorganic carbon content by 15-25 percent in the sample with phage as compared to the sample without phage. The results signify a 60-70 fold increase in inorganic carbon content in sample with phage, whereas, 50-55 fold in the case of sample without phages as compared with control. This increase in inorganic carbon content may be due to lysis of the host cell releasing its cellular constituents and utilization of carbon constituent for phage assembly and development. It also proves the role of phages in regulating the carbon flow in aquatic systems like oceans, where their concentration outnumbered other species

Simulation of Relay modes in IEEE 802.16j Mobile Multi-hop Relay (MMR) WIMAX Networks

Two different relay modes are defined in IEEE 802.16j WIMAX standard: transparent mode and non-transparent mode. The non transparent mode is used to extend the coverage area of base stations, where low cost relay station of equal capacity as that of base station is placed at suitable position. Time taken to accept mobile stations and Bandwidth allocation are main problems in non transparent mode. In this we have studied the IEEE 802.16j standard multi hop relay WIMAX networks. We have used relay stations to extend the coverage of base stations. We have also analyzed the throughput between mobile stations with in the coverage area and outside coverage area of base stations. We have simulated the IEEE 802.16j transparent and non transparent mode multi hop WIMAX relay networks using NCTUns Too

Causality in Non-Commutative Quantum Field Theories

We study causality in non-commutative quantum field theory with a space-space non-commutativity. We employ the S-operator approach of Bogoliubov-Shirkov(BS). We generalize the BS criterion of causality to the noncommutative theory. The criterion to test causality leads to a nonzero difference between T*-product and T-product as a condition of causality violation for a spacelike separation. We discuss two examples; one in a scalar theory and one in the Yukawa theory. In particular, in the context of a non-commutative Yukawa theory, with the interaction Lagrangian $\bar{\psi}(x)\star\psi(x)\star\phi(x)$, is observed to be causality violating even in case of space-space noncommutativity for which \theta^{0i}=0. \Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX; A few changes in sections 3.2,3.3 and

A New Efficient Cloud Model for Data Intensive Application

Cloud computing play an important role in data intensive application since it provide a consistent performance over time and it provide scalability and good fault tolerant mechanism Hadoop provide a scalable data intensive map reduce architecture Hadoop map task are executed on large cluster and consumes lot of energy and resources Executing these tasks requires lot of resource and energy which are expensive so minimizing the cost and resource is critical for a map reduce application So here in this paper we propose a new novel efficient cloud structure algorithm for data processing or computation on azure cloud Here we propose an efficient BSP based dynamic scheduling algorithm for iterative MapReduce for data intensive application on Microsoft azure cloud platform Our framework can be used on different domain application such as data analysis medical research dataminining etc Here we analyze the performance of our system by using a co-located cashing on the worker role and how it is improving the performance of data intensive application over Hadoop map reduce data intrinsic application The experimental result shows that our proposed framework properly utilizes cloud infrastructure service management overheads bandwith bottleneck and it is high scalable fault tolerant and efficien

Evaluation of Modal Damping of Graphite/ Epoxy Laminated Composites

The damping of an engineering structure is important in many aspects of noise and vibration control, fatigue endurance and so on, since it controls the amplitude of resonant vibration esponse. Damping in fiber-reinforced composite aterials is highly tailorable with respect to constituent roperties, fiber volume fractions and ply orientation angles.To this end an experimental analysis of the damping of unidirectional graphite reinforced epoxy composites was carried out. Damping characteristics of laminates are analysed experimentally using impulse technique. Composite laminate were made using the traditional hand-lay -up process. Experimental dynamic tests were carried out using specimens with different fiber orientations and three different boundary conditions and different thickness

Evaluation of Modal Damping in FRP based Laminated Composites through Modal Testing

The main source of damping in laminated composite materials arises from the inelastic nature of the matrix and the relative slipping at the fiber/matrix interfaces. Damping in laminated composite materials is usually a function of many parameters including the volume fraction of the fibers, fiber diameter and fiber orientation relative to the axis of loading.Also the magnitude and frequency of the applied load and many environmental factors should be mentioned. Since the complex phenomenon of damping is difficult to incorporate into the structural dynamic analysis of laminated plates, a modal damping approximation is employed here. Various methods have been presented to obtain the modal damping of a laminated composite.In this paper, classical modal testing of bi-woven laminates under various boundary conditions and analysis of the damping is carried out. Laminates made of Glass and Graphite fibers with epoxy resin as matrix is used in modal testing. Traditional “Strike Method” is adopted which consists of impulse hammer and accelerometer with 4-channel FFT analyzer to obtain the response of the specimen under test. Results obtained from both laminates are compared and it is observed that damping properties of graphite is more dominant than glass laminates