Synergetic effect of green tea on polymer gel dosimeter and determination of optimal wavelength to choose light source for optical computed tomography

Purpose: The ultimate aim of this study is to observe the effect of Green tea as a co-antioxidant in PAGAT gel dosimeter and evaluate the appropriate light source for scanning the PAGAT and NIPAM polymer gel.Methods: Both PAGAT (Poly Acrylamide Gelatin Tetrakis hydroxyl phosphonium chloride) and NIPAM (N-Isopropyl acrylamide) gel were prepared in normoxic condition. The green tea extract (GTE) was prepared and tested only on PAGAT. Co-60 teletherapy machine has been used for irradiation purpose, and the gel samples were scanned using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Water equivalency of the gel has been tested in terms of their electron density, effective atomic number and Ratio of oxygen and hydrogen (O/H). We have used NIST XCOM database to test the water equivalency.Results: In this study we found that the GTE added to the gel do not respond to the given doses. By adding sugar we can enhance the sensitivity of the gel. Further investigations are required to use Green tea as a co antioxidant concentration of THPC (Tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium chloride). The optimal wavelength with different region for scanning the PAGAT is 450 to 480 nm (Blue region), for NIPAM it is 540 nm and 570 nm (Green and yellow region). The PAGAT and NIPAM showed better sensitivity at 510 nm. Both gels have their effective atomic number closer to water (NIPAM-7.2, PAGAT-7.379).Conclusion: As per our results, we concluded that GTE alone is not an effective co-antioxidant for polymer gels. When the GTE is combined with sugar and THPC, it protects the gel from pre-polymerization. This study strongly suggests that the blue light is an optimal source for scanning the PAGAT and green to yellow light for NIPAM gel. Though both gels were considered as water equivalent, the PAGAT is equivalent to water and the temporal stability of this gel is higher than NIPAM

Anionic redox chemistry in Na-rich Na2Ru1−ySnyO3 positive electrode material for Na-ion batteries

The synthesis and Na- electrochemical activity of Na-rich layered Na2Ru1−ySnyO3 compounds is reported. Like their Li-analogue, Na2Ru1−ySnyO3 shows capacities that exceed theoretical capacity calculated from the cationic redox species. The high capacity was found, by means of XPS analysis, to be associated to the accumulation of both cationic (Ru4+/Ru5+) and anionic (O2−/O2n−) redox processes. The structural evolutions during cycling have been followed and found to be associated with the cation disordering and loss of crystallinity on cycling

Synergetic effect of green tea on polymer gel dosimeter and determination of optimal wavelength to choose light source for optical computed tomography

Purpose: The ultimate aim of this study is to observe the effect of Green tea as a co-antioxidant in PAGAT gel dosimeter and evaluate the appropriate light source for scanning the PAGAT and NIPAM polymer gel.Methods: Both PAGAT (Poly Acrylamide Gelatin Tetrakis hydroxyl phosphonium chloride) and NIPAM (N-Isopropyl acrylamide) gel were prepared in normoxic condition. The green tea extract (GTE) was prepared and tested only on PAGAT. Co-60 teletherapy machine has been used for irradiation purpose, and the gel samples were scanned using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Water equivalency of the gel has been tested in terms of their electron density, effective atomic number and Ratio of oxygen and hydrogen (O/H). We have used NIST XCOM database to test the water equivalency.Results: In this study we found that the GTE added to the gel do not respond to the given doses. By adding sugar we can enhance the sensitivity of the gel. Further investigations are required to use Green tea as a co antioxidant concentration of THPC (Tetrakis hydroxymethyl phosphonium chloride). The optimal wavelength with different region for scanning the PAGAT is 450 to 480 nm (Blue region), for NIPAM it is 540 nm and 570 nm (Green and yellow region). The PAGAT and NIPAM showed better sensitivity at 510 nm. Both gels have their effective atomic number closer to water (NIPAM-7.2, PAGAT-7.379).Conclusion: As per our results, we concluded that GTE alone is not an effective co-antioxidant for polymer gels. When the GTE is combined with sugar and THPC, it protects the gel from pre-polymerization. This study strongly suggests that the blue light is an optimal source for scanning the PAGAT and green to yellow light for NIPAM gel. Though both gels were considered as water equivalent, the PAGAT is equivalent to water and the temporal stability of this gel is higher than NIPAM.</p

Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Cross Linked Biopolyesters from Olive Oil as Eco-friendly Biodegradable Materials

Novel cross linked biopolyesters were synthesised from naturally available olive oil, oligomeric polytriglyceride fumarate (o-PTF) was prepared by glycerolysis of the olive oil followed by condensation with maleic anhydride. The (o-PTF) was characterised by spectral (FTIR, UV, NMR) and physicochemical properties (specific gravity, viscosity, saponification value, iodine value). The molecular weight of o-PTF was estimated using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The cross linked biopolyesters were prepared by treating o-PTF of olive with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate. The cross linked biopolyesters were evaluated for spectral properties (FT IR), cross linked density, thermal properties, mechanical properties and biodegradation. The potential antifungal and anti bacterial activities of the newly prepared biopolyesters were evaluated. The environment degradation was assessed by soil burial test. The outcome of the studies has revealed that the newly prepared cross linked biopolyesters are potential biodegradable material for various consumer application like package materials and agricultural applications

An analysis of gender differences and assessment of oral health status among the general population residing in Kanyakumari District: A pathfinding scientific study

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence oral health status among the general population residing in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the general public of index age groups to analyze the oral health status in the Kanyakumari district. A total number of 400 samples were selected and were equally divided among urban (200 samples) and rural areas (200 samples). The samples were further divided randomly based on the index age groups 5, 12, 15, 35–44, and 65–74 years using the multistage random sampling method. The data regarding oral health status was recorded using the World Health Organization's (WHO's) Oral Health Assessment Form 2013 and 1997. Collected data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-squared test. Results: The prevalence of periodontal diseases (88.75%) was found to be highest in Kanyakumari district, followed by dental caries (63.7%) and malocclusion (63.1%). There was a statistically significant difference found between oral health status and index age groups. Conclusion: Oral disorders such as dental caries, periodontitis, and dental fluorosis are more prevalent among the Kanyakumari district population. Oral health policies should be targeted to the populations in the Tamil Nadu region

Clinical profile of Omani keratoconus patients: An experience from a tertiary referral centre in Muscat

OBJECTIVE: To determine the demographics and associated clinical features of Omani keratoconus patients presenting to the Ministry of Defence Hospital (MODH) in Muscat. METHODS: This is a retrospective, descriptive study whereby the electronic medical records of all Omani keratoconus patients presenting to the MODH between January 2011 and December 2015 were reviewed. Demographic details, corrected distance visual acuity, refraction, corneal topography, pachymetry, and treatment received were all documented. RESULTS: There were 458 new keratoconus patients (257 males, 201 females) comprising a total of 893 eyes with a mean age of 20 years ± 5.6 (standard deviation) (range 6–46 years). On their first visit, 35% of eyes had spectacle-corrected distance visual acuity <0.5 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR), 38% had central corneal thickness <450 um, and 25% had a mean keratometry more than 53 Diopter (D). According to the Amsler-Krumeich classification, 37%, 30%, 18%, and 16% of eyes classified into stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The severity of keratoconus did not correlate with the age of patients (rs = −0.13, P < 0.05). Over the 5-year period of the study, 502 eyes were fitted with rigid gas permeable lenses with 91% achieving the vision of 0.1 LogMAR or better, 22% of eyes underwent collagen cross linking, 3% underwent intracorneal ring segments implantation, and 4% underwent corneal grafting. CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of Omani keratoconus patients seen in the MODH showed advanced disease on their first visit. There was no correlation between severity and age suggesting that keratoconus can progress quickly in our pediatric group. Population-based studies are an important next step. Meanwhile, early detection and timely interventions to limit the burden of the disease are crucial