Performance analysis and comparison of m x n zero forcing and MMSE equalizer based receiver for mimo wireless channel

Wireless transmission is affected by fading and interference effects which can be combated with equalizer.The useof MIMO system promises good improvement in terms of spectral efficency,link relaibility andSignal to Noise Ratio (SNR).The effect of fading and interference always causes an issue for signal recovery in wireless communication. Equalizationcompensates for Intersymbol Interference (ISI) created by multipath within time dispersive channels. This paper analyses theperformance of Zeroforcing and MMSE equalizer for MIMO wireless chaneels. The simulation results are obtained usingMatLab tool box version 7.0 at RF signal processing lab.The Bit Error Rate (BER) characteristics for the various transmittingand receiveing antennna is simulated in matlab tool box and many advantages and disdvantagesof the system is descrbed.The simulation results show that the equalizer based zero forcing receiver is good for noise free channel and is successfulin remving ISI,but MMSE is a better choice than ZF in terms of BER charateristics and under Noise performance

GIS-based air pollution distribution mapping of emissions from public buses for Coimbatore Corporation, Tamil Nadu, India

947-951Vehicle transport on roads is a dominant source of air pollution, and hence spatial assessment of its risks is necessary for the decision makers to evaluate its impact on the public. Indian road transport, especially buses, contribute significantly to air pollution, that too in highly accessible areas like bus stands and bus stops. This paper proposes a three-step integrated method to map relative pollution levels of bus stops and bus routes of Coimbatore Corporation using spatial analysis tools of ArcGIS and suggestion of routes for eco-friendly buses and vehicles

Efficacy and safety of thrombolytic therapy in prosthetic valve thrombosis

Background: There is limited data available about the effectiveness of thrombolysis in prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thrombolytic treatment in PVT patients.Methods: This was an observational study conducted at a tertiary-care centre in India between March 2013 and April 2014. Total of 56 patients with either recurrent PVT or with confirmed left-sided PVT was included in the study. Thrombolytic therapy was administered as an intravenous infusion of streptokinase or urokinase, initially at a loading dose of 2.5L IU/hour over 30 minutes, followed by 1L IU/hour for 48–78 hours depending upon the clinical and 2D-Echo observation. Primary endpoint was considered as the occurrence of a complete clinical response. Secondary endpoint was considered as a composite of death, major bleeding or embolic stroke.Results: Mean age of the patients was 37±13 years. Most of the patients presented with NYHA-II (51.7%), III (39.2%), and IV (8.9%) symptoms. Mitral and aortic valve thrombosis were observed in 40(71.4%) and 11(28.6%) patients. Forty-nine (73.3%) patients were treated with streptokinase. Whereas, rethrombosis patients were treated with urokinase [6(16%)] and tenecteplase [1(1.3%)]. Two (3.6%) patients died, 1(1.8%), 1(1.8%), 2(3.6%), and 1(1.8%) patient had peripheral embolism, central nervous system bleeding, stroke, and embolic complications.Conclusions: Thrombolytic therapy can be used as the first-line treatment for thrombolysis in PVT patients. All PVT patients can be treated with streptokinase unless specific contraindications exist. Urokinase or tenecteplase is an alternative thrombolytic agent in rethrombosis patients

Unique Factorization For Tensor Products of Parabolic Verma Modules

Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a symmetrizable Kac-Moody Lie algebra with Cartan subalgebra $\mathfrak{h}$. We prove a unique factorization property for tensor products of parabolic Verma modules. More generally, we prove unique factorization for products of characters of parabolic Verma modules when restricted to certain subalgebras of $\mathfrak{h}$. These include fixed point subalgebras of $\mathfrak{h}$ under subgroups of diagram automorphisms of $\mathfrak{g}$ and twisted graph automorphisms in the affine case.Comment: 20 page

Comparative assessment of floristic structure, diversity and regeneration status of tropical rain forests of Western Ghats of Karnataka, India

Tropical forests are one of the richest landscapes in terms of its richness, diversity and endemicity. The present study was carried out in the Central Western Ghats: one of the hottest hotspot of biodiversity. The aim of the study was to compare floristic diversity in tropical wet evergreen forest between northern and southern parts of Western Ghats of Karnataka. Kodagu district in southern part and Uttara Kannada district in northern part was chosen to assess the same, as these two districts cover highest forest cover in the Western Ghats of Karnataka. In each district all the evergreen forests were sampled with 1000 m X 5 belt transacts. Totally 22 such samplings were done both southern and northern part of Western Ghats. In each of these transacts all the trees measuring e” 30 gbh were enumerated and botanically identified to the species level and the same was used for computation of diversity indices. The richness and diversity was comparatively higher in southern part compared to northern part of Western Ghats, where as the richness of threatened tree species was comparatively higher in northern part of Western Ghats. In addition to the species richness and diversity, the paper also deals with the dominant tree species and families in both the region

FABRICATION AND TESTING OF HEMP FIBRE REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITES

Over the last decennium, composites of polymers reinforced with natural fibers have attracted field both from the academic world and from various industries. The most important of the natural fibers used in composite materials are flax, hemp, kenaf and sisal due to their properties and availability. Natural fibers based on cellulose have a low density, high stiffness and strong compared to those of glass fibers. For the automotive industry, where weight reduction always is an issue, this was said to be the original reason for the development of interior parts with natural fibers as fillers. The works evaluate study of mechanical behavior and develop a polymer matrix composite using hemp fiber by varying percentage weight fraction of hemp fibers by using hand lay-up method. The fabricated composite samples were trimmed according to the ASTM standards for different experiments and its characterization is performed

Gamma, X-ray and neutron shielding properties of boron polymers

271-276We have studied the X-ray and gamma radiation shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient, linear attenuation coefficient, Half Value Layer (HVL), Tenth Value Layer (TVL), effective atomic number and electron density in some boron polymers of different boron based polymers [ Polymer A-PolyBorazylene (B3N3H4), Polymer B- 4-Vinylphenyl Boronic acid (C8H9O2B), Polymer C- Borazine (B3N3H6), Polymer D- 3-Acrylamidophenylboronic acid (C9H10BNO3) Polymer E-Phenylethenylboronic acid (C14H19BO2), Polymer F- 4-Aminophenylboronic acid (C12H18BNO2) and Polymer G- 3- Aminophenylboronic acid (C6H8BNO2)]. We have also studied the neutron shielding properties such as coherent neutron scattering length, incoherent neutron scattering lengths, coherent neutron scattering cross section, incoherent neutron scattering cross sections, total neutron scattering cross section and neutron absorption cross sections in the boron polymers. We have compared the shielding properties among the studied different boron polymers. From the detail study, it is clear that the boron polymer Phenylethenylboronic acid is good absorber for X-ray, gamma radiation and neutron. Hence, we suggest that the boron polymer Phenylethenylboronic acid is good shielding material for X-ray, gamma and neutrons

Reduction of Large Seismic Deformations using Elasto-plastic Passive Energy Dissipaters

The design of supporting systems for pipelines carrying highly toxic or radioactive liquids at very high temperature, is an important issue in the safety aspect for a nuclear power installation. These pipeline systems are normally designed to be held rigid by conventional snubber supports for protection from earthquake. The pipeline system design must balance the seismic deformations and other deformations due to thermal effect. A rigid pipeline system using conventional snubber supports always leads to an increase in thermal stresses, hence a rational seismic design for pipeline supporting systems becomes essential. Contrary to this rigid design, it is possible to design a flexible pipeline system and to decrease the seismic response by increasing the damping using passive energy absorbing (PEA) element, which dissipates vibration energy. An X-shaped or a hourglass-shaped metal element is a classic example of elasto-plastic passive energy absorber of metallic yielding type. The inherent ductile property of metals like steel, which undergoes stable energy dissipation in the plastic region, is made use of in achieving energy loss. This paper presents the experimental and analytical studies carried out on yielding-type elasto-plastic PEA elements to be used in a passive energy dissipating device for the control of large seismic deformations of pipelines subjected to earthquake loading

Recognition of Characters and Patterns using Neural Network

This paper describes the recognition of handwritten characters using Probabilistic neutral network classifier. Identification of hand written characters requires the large number of data sets. The individual characters are identified using Segmentation and the feature analysis is done through the grey-level co-occurrence matrix. Finally the PNN Classifier is used to classify the each individual characters based on the stored data set

Specific absorbed fraction of energy of silicon-boron alloys

213-217We have studied the energy absorption buildup factors and specific absorbed fraction of energy for the silicon-boron alloys of different composition such as alloy A-Si0.95-B0.05, alloy B- Si0.9-B0.1, alloy C- Si0.8-B0.2, alloy D- Si0.7-B0.3, alloy E- Si0.6-B0.4 and alloy F- Si0.5-B0.5. for wide energy range (0.015–15 MeV) up to the penetration depth of 40 mfp using geometric progression fitting method. Buildup factors increase with the increase in the penetration depth. It has been found that the shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number and buildup factor values are larger for the silicon-boron alloy Si0.95-B0.05 than the other studied silicon-boron alloys. Specific absorbed fraction of energy is maximum for the silicon-boron alloy Si0.95-B0.05. Hence, we can conclude that the silicon-boron alloy Si0.95-B0.05 is a good absorber of X-rays, gamma and neutrons among the studied alloys. The present study is useful in the field of radiation shielding