Overview of Bivalve fisheries of India

Bivalves are commercially important molluscs belonging to the Class Bivalvia (Lamellibranchia or Pelecypoda), which is the second largest Class under the Phylum Mollusca. They are bilaterally symmetrical, laterally compressed molluscs, with extensive mantle lobes which secrete a single shell composed of two valves. Bivalves are reported to have originated in the euryhaline w a rm shallow coastal waters prior to their gradual invasion to estuarine, brackish, fresh and all the reaches of marine, ecosystems. Although, none have invaded the land, the bivalves are more successful in marine and a few species are found in freshwater habitats. Nearly 652 species of marine bivalves are reported from India, of which 88 species are endemic to Indian waters

Provisional guidelines for bivalve farming in India with emphasis on meeting hygiene and public health requirements

Bivalve molluscs such as clams, mussels, oysters and scallops are prime seafood that contribute to capture and aquaculture production in many countries. Globa bivalve aquaculture production has increased two-fold from 7.08 to 14.72 million tons during 1995-2015. While production has increased, the share of bivalves entering the international trade is relatively small, due to the stringent regulations on their imports associated with the food safety issues in major markets. The regulatory regime for bivalve products, under live or processed category, varies with the importing country

Mussel farming

The mussels are bivalve molluscs typically inhabiting the territorial to shallow sub littoral zones of the coastal areas

Site suitability evaluation for bivalve mariculture in Maharashtra

The coastal stretch of Konkan Maharashtra is endowed with large number of west flowing rivers forming productive estuaries and creeks fringed by mangrove vegetation. The coastline stretching across the districts of Raigad, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg are marked by the presence of narrow creeks offering sheltered areas for aquaculture activities. Considering the potential for expanding bivalve farming in Maharashtra, surveys for selecting suitable sites for coastal farming were conducted from 5th to 8th October, 2013 covering Thane,Raigad, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg districts

Mussel Farming Methods and the Prospects and Problems in India

Mussel farming has a long history that dates back to the thirteenth century. Mussels are farmed in many areas of the world with the most common species cultured being the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. The main producers of mussels are countries such as China, Korea, Spain, Netherlands, Denmark, France and New Zealand. In 2012, 1.829 million tonnes of mussels were produced worldwide valued at 2.053 billion US Dollars (FAO). The Indian mussel production is relatively small and the production is around 10,000 tonnes for the past few years

A STUDY ON IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF CULTURE AND CLIMATE PREVAILING IN IT COMPANIES SITUATED IN COIMBATORE

Climate and culture are both important aspects of the overall context, environment or situation. Organizational culture tends to be shared by all or most members of some social group; is something that older members usually try to pass on to younger members; shapes behavior and structures perceptions of the world. The study is about analyzing the Organizational climate of IT and it is companies been done through surveying the employees of the company. The study was analyzed by using percentage analysis, chi square method, and factor analysis and the conclusion is that the performance on organizational climate seems good but new training and development programs should be conducted by the company so that the conflict between the management and the employees can be reduced which may lead to increase in the production and profit of the company

Effect of tropical monsoon on fishery abundance of Indian squid (Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii)

Indian squid, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii (Loliginidae) constitute an important component of the inshore cephalopod fisheries along the eastern Arabian Sea. Local environmental variation plays an important role in species–environment interactions in neritic squids, which inhabit nearshore/coastal waters. Such ‘active’ and ‘passive’ responses of squids to environmental changes is crucial in understanding their relationships and influence on the biological processes, distribution and abundance of the fast-growing shortlived coastal loliginids. The empirical relationship between squid abundance and the variability in rainfall and sea surface temperature (SST) were explored in a tropical monsoon fishery. Monthly catch rates (catch per fishing hour) of squids in commercial trawl during 1987–2009 were used as the abundance index. Linear regression models with ARIMA errors were fitted with catch per unit hour time series as dependent variable and rainfall and SST as exogenous variables. While rainfall was observed to have a negative effect on squid abundance, the SST recorded a positive impact. ARIMA models provided satisfactory fit to observed data and forecast of 22 months. Given that the squid life-cycle is a function of their environment, this result is relevant in forecasting squid biomass for themanagement of tropical monsoon fisheries

Effect of vermicompost enriched with bacterial endophytes (Azospirillum and Rhizobium) on growth and yield of tomato

The extensive use of chemical fertilizers has served as a response to the increasing need for crop production in recent decades. While it addresses the demand for food, it has resulted in a decline in crop productivity and a heightened negative environmental impact. In contrast, bacterial endophytes namely Azospirillum and Rhizobium and vermicompost offer a promising alternative to mitigate the negative consequences of chemical fertilizers. It can enhance nutrient availability, promote plant growth, and improve nutrient uptake efficiency, thereby reducing the reliance on chemical fertilizers. In this study, two bacterial endophytes Azospirillum and Rhizobium, combination with vermicompost and chemical fertilizer were used to investigate their potential role in the enhancement of growth yields of tomato. The inoculation of bacterial endophytes enhanced the root and shoot length, biomass and leaf chlorophyll contents. The fruit weight of the tomato (kg/plant) was also higher in the vermicompost and bacteria inoculated plants of tomato than in the chemical fertilizer. The mixed application of vermicompost with the combination of Azospirillum and Rhizobium showed the best performance compared to other treatments

Biomarkers of environmental contaminants in field population of green mussel (Perna viridis) from Karnataka-Kerala coast (South West coast of India)

The green mussel Perna viridis was sampled from relatively clean and contaminated sites along the Kartanata-Kerala coast (south west coast of India) to study the tissue concentration of trace metals and biological responses to stress (biomarkers) such as sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosomal aberration, micronucleus (MN) test, hemic neoplasia (HN), Chromotest (Ames test) and comet assay

TRANSFERRING SECURITY MESSAGE IN TAXI SERVICE IN VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORK

Taxi service is an important point to point transportation in many cities. One of the major issue have to do with is safety of both the passengers and the taxi drivers. To tackle this problem and to address the certain requirements, we propose a new message transferring scheme for the taxi service. It is based on the theoretical account of the VANET (vehicular Ad-hoc network). Vehicular networks have attracted wide attentions in recent years for their promises. Most of the transmissions in a VANET are via the DSRC wireless interface. For safety purpose the taxi’s OBU uses the pseudo identities instead of real identity for all ongoing transmissions so that a passenger’s travelling route cannot be traced by a third party easily. For communications protocols, our results provide lower message overhead and higher success rate than previous ones. We describe that our schemes are effective in terms of processing delay and message overhead. In detail, our navigation scheme extends to shorter travelling time while our secure taxi service scheme only introduces marginal passenger waiting delay and message overhead