Dynamic Location Modelling in 3D Beamforming for 5G Mobile Communications

Mobile communication system is designed to provide reliable communication with more number of services and with low cost among multiple users. Due to limited frequency spectrum and resources, mobile communication requires more development in case of both establishing communication and maintenance in service quality. To fulfill these requirements, 5G mobile communication is being developed to provide high quality reliable communication and quality of service, by using beamforming model. As the trend of next generation mobile communication, 3D directional transmission is considered to give enhanced coverage model and reusability of frequency. Phase arrayed antenna is used in this beamforming model to give orthogonal communication among users. In this paper, a new modeling of beamforming is applied to give a new dimension by considering altitude with potential field strategy. Here phase arrayed antenna is replaced by 3-D smart antenna to improve the performance of 5G mobile communications. Performance evaluation outcomes 3D beamforming leads 2D beamforming in terms of communication delay, and uplink downlink throughput

A Study on Relationship Gap between Investors and Share Brokers

Successful implementation of CRM is the key for success of Share broking institutions. The study has been carried out to find out the relationship between share brokers and investors. The data and information have been collected from 150 share brokers and 450 investors from Coimbatore Tamilnadu, India. The share brokers are disagreed with the customer never trust us and the customer does not mind to sacrifice his gain to remain with the share broker while, they are neutral with the customer never trust us and the customer never care us. The study further revels there are gap in service relationship between investors and share brokers. It is recommended that the share brokers have to improve their strategies to improve relationship. Key words: Relationship Management, Share brokers, Gap analysi

A Study on the Job Satisfaction of Primary School Teachers in Purasaiwakkam Area, Chennai

The education is the primary backbone for the development of any nation in the world. It is a powerful tool which is basis for everything in the society. For provide education to all, the schools and its teacher’s plays important role in building the nation. In view of this context, the satisfied teachers in the school can give better education to students rather than dissatisfied teachers. By viewing this as the research focus, this article focuses on the study on the importance of teachers' job satisfaction, It is required to understand the overall teachers' work attitude and work behavior.  The paper reviews several factors to ascertain the factors influencing job satisfaction of teacher. The study uses both primary and secondary data. The secondary data were collected various journals and websites. The Primary data were collected by making use of structured questionnaires. The 30 primary school teachers from Helan Sathya Primary School, CSI Primary School and Government Primary School were chosen by convenience sampling method for the study. The questionnaire containing 25 questions with six attributes each. The questionnaire begins with five questions about socio demographic status following with 20 questions with four dimensions namely Career, Colleagues, School and Livelihood. Simple percentage analysis is used to analysis the data. The study finding concludes physical Working Condition, Student interaction, Students IQ, Student Curiosity, Eagerness to learn are some of the concerns of a teacher in teaching. Recognition for Extra Work, clearly defined promotion policies and Salary held a teacher work according to the philosophy/vision/mission/strategy of the management, Teachers works are at times are Challenging & Interesting but on the whole when the management takes of the teachers better, the children are taken care of better. It is suggested that a study can be done among higher secondary school teachers and college teachers

Study on the effectiveness of clinical scoring in predicting the outcome of diabetic foot

Background: Diabetic patients will develop diabetic foot ulcerations of which 14-20% will go on to amputation. By this study we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of clinical scoring system predicting the outcome of diabetic foot and also to know whether neuropathy or vasculopathy predominated in these patients.Methods: Patients with Type 2 diabetic ulcers are selected, and the ulcer was graded according to Wagner’s grading. The vasculopathy and Neuropathy were assessed by Doppler study and monofilament tests respectively. The patients were grouped based on the grade of ulcer and presence or absence of neuropathy and vasculopathy. These patients were followed up for a duration of 1 year.Results: The patients belonging up to group 6 had better outcome(healing) on conservative management and those in group 8 and group 9 had a bad outcome (amputations). 66% of patients had neuropathy predominance.Conclusions: Even though clinical scoring system could predict the outcome, statistically it is not found to be significant. Neuropathy was the more predominant factor among the patients with diabetic foot

Oral contrast radiography evaluation in adhesive intestinal obstruction

Background: Adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is a common cause for admission in the surgery casualty. Non-operative management is initially recommended unless there is suspicion of complication, but its optimal duration is controversial. The aims of this study were to evaluate the usefulness of radiographic small bowel examination with contrast medium to predict the need for surgery in ASBO and to decrease late-surgery morbidity.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in a tertiary apex institute in Kerala, India enrolling 50 patients with clinical and radiological features of adhesive SBO. The past surgical history, as well as clinical picture, blood tests and radiological findings in these patients were studied. Fifty millilitres of 5% barium suspension were given via naso-gastric tube, and plain abdominal radiographs were taken at 6 and 24 hours afterwards. The primary variable assessed was the presence/absence of contrast in right colon. Surgical intervention was decided upon, based on the treating surgeon's discretion.Results: In 36 patients, barium contrast appeared in the right colon. In the remaining 14 patients, no evidence of barium contrast in the right colon was seen, and 8 of them underwent surgery, while the other 6 were treated conservatively. There was a statistical significant relationship (p<0.01) between the presence of contrast medium in the right colon and being treated conservatively. There was also a statistically significant (p<0.05) relationship between index case being one for malignancy and undergoing laparotomy for ASBO in the study.Conclusions: Early oral administration of a radiological contrast medium in patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction can effectively predict the need for a surgical procedure. It can shorten not only hospital stay, but also the potential morbidity of late surgery, secondary to a prolonged and unsuccessful non-operative treatment

Implementing Syntax Evolution of Embedded Systems

Safety critical systems such as nuclear recator systems cannot be shutdown as restrating is a huge process and incurs heavy cost.  The embedded systems which are used for monitoring and controlling the safety critival systems cannot be shut down as well. ES systems which drives safety critical systems must be communicated from remote locations generally through a HOST connected on to Internet. Communication between the HOST and ES system is done using commnd lanaguage which has to be evolved from time to time.  The chnage to the commnd lanauage must be undertaken while the embedded system is up and running, the evolution thus must be dynamic. Many architetcuers have been propsoed in the lieteratuer for evolving  synatx of command lanaguage.The implemntaion of effcient architetcuer as such has not been found in the literatuer without which existing architetcuer as such has no menaing.The paper presntes a set of methods using which the syntax evolution of embedded systems as such can be achived. The synatx evolution methods have been applied to a safety critical system that monitors and controls tempartuers within a Nuclear recator system

Functional and Radiological Outcome of Neglected Diaphyseal both Bones Forearm Fractures in Adult Treated with Plate Osteosynthesis.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aims and objectives of the study are: • To retrospectively analyze all cases of adult neglected forearm treated with open reduction and plate osteosynthesis from January 2000 to October 2007 • To assess the functional outcome of patients • To assess the clinical outcome the affected forearm and compared to the opposite normal limb • To assess the radiological union • To assess the maximal radial bowing and the location of the maximum radial bow and the relationship with forearm function. STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross sectional study with retrospective case selection. A total of 21 patients were recruited for this study between August 2007 and August 2008. METHODS: One-to-one interviews were conducted for obtaining the relevant history and applying the DASH questionnaire. Clinical examination was. MRC grading was used to assess the motor power. Standardized goniometer was used for the assessment of range of movement of the elbow, forearm and wrist. Neglected forearm fracture was defined as forearm fractures for which definitive surgical intervention was undertaken at least one month after the event. Standardized antero-posterior and lateral plain radiographs were obtained. Measurement of the maximum radial bow was calculated based on the formula described by Schemitsch and Richards. The location of maximum radial bow also was calculated. The plain radiographs of the affected forearm taken at the time of presentation were reviewed for evaluating the fracture configuration and classifying the fractures based on the AO/OTA system of classification for forearm fractures. Inpatient records of the selected cases were obtained to ascertain the details of the surgical procedure and the details of the peroperative period and immediate postoperative period. RESULTS: There was statistically significant correlation between DASH scores and patients range of supination (p=0.006), wrist palmar flexion (p=0.016) and maximum radial bow (p=0.045). There was statistically significant correlation between the time of operation from injury and wrist dorsiflexion (p=0.003).There was strong statistically significant correlation between the AO classification of the fractures and nerve palsy (p=0.001). There was significant correlation between DASH score and nerve palsy (p=0.035). Strong statistical significance was found when maximum radial bow (p= <0.001) and the location of the maximum radial bow (p= 0.017) was correlated with forearm pronation signifying that loss of maximum radial bow and alteration in the location of the maximum radial bow results in loss of forearm pronation. All the 21(100%) patients had achieved full clinical and radiological union at follow up irrespective of the delay in presentation or any other local or systemic factors. CONCLUSION: Open reduction and plate osteosynthesis is seen to be a very good modality of treatment diaphyseal both bones forearm fractures in adult and as per this study and has resulted in 100% fracture union even in late presentation when reviewed at a mean follow up of 36.76 months. A delay in definitive fixation results in significant wrist and finger dysfunction. DASH is a widely accepted standardized scoring system to assess upper limb function and correlates strongly with forearm supination. Reconstruction of the maximum radial bow to near normal (8.08 ± 2.46) and the anatomic location of the restored maximum radial bow are vital in restoration of forearm function even in patients with delayed treatment

Acute pancreatitis: a study of urine trypsinogen-2 measurement as a screening test

Background: Usefulness of urine trypsinogen-2 as screening test for acute pancreatitis in Indian population.Methods:We prospectively compared the urinary trypsinogen-2 dipstick test and serum amylase assays in 100 consecutive patients with acute abdominal pain at the emergency department. Urine samples were obtained on admission and tested for the dipstick. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was made on the basis of a typical clinical picture and serum amylase at least more than threefold the upper reference limit (300 IU) and/or radiological evidence (Abdominal X ray/ultrasonography/contrast enhanced CT).Results: 1. Urine trypsinogen-2 dipstick test was having 100% sensitivity and 85.71% specificity in diagnosing acute pancreatitis in Indian population. 2. Serum amylase was having 61.36% sensitivity and 78.57% specificity in diagnosing acute pancreatitis. 3. Sensitivity and specificity of urine trypsinogen-2 dipstick test is more than that of serum amylase in diagnosing acute pancreatitis which is statistically proved to be significant (P <0.05).Conclusion:Detection of trypsinogen-2 in urine is a simple office test in diagnosing acute pancreatitis in emergency department. As the sensitivity and specificity are high, detection of urine trypsinogen-2 in urine can be used as a screening test, which will definitely help in early diagnosis and prompt treatment of acute pancreatitis.