Enhancement of agricultural systems models for limited irrigated cropping systems research

2013 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.To view the abstract, please see the full text of the document

Numerical prediction and experimental verification of cavitation of globe type control valves.

Globe valves are one of the oldest types of valve used for throttling applications for all sizes due to better controllability and wider range. One of the major limitations associated with the use globe valves in liquid application is cavitation and it takes place both in part open and in fully open conditions due to varied reasons. There are different designs of globe valves available but for control valve applications, cage and plug designs are widely employed. Cage and plug design consists of body, valve cage, plug and an actuating mechanism. Actuating mechanism is connected to the valve plug which is a moving part, through valve shaft. There are many investigations reported about the flow visualization and numerical simulation of normal type globe valves. But study on valves with cage and plug design are not reported in detail. The objective of the present study is to provide a three dimensional analysis of flow through a globe valve with cage and plug design with emphasis on the inception and development of cavitation in detail. Cavitation reduction is achieved by breaking the flow in the form of more than one liquid jet, thereby increasing the turbulence inside the valve flow path. The numerical simulation was done using GAMBIT to set up geometry and grid and FLUENT to solve difference equation postulated from the conservation of mass and momentum of the fluid in motion. The k-epsilon model was used for turbulence. Results of five configurations of the cage with constant flow areas and valve stroke are presented in this paper. The numerical results were verified with an experimental program employing total flow measurement and pressure drop created by the valve at full opening. The study was conducted for different jet configurations to generalize the results of the study. Experimental validation was done in the water test facility with an operating pressure of 1.6 MPa and flow rate of 0.05 m3/s. In the study, total area of opening for the flow and the valve stroke were kept constant. Accelerometers and dynamic pressure sensors were employed to sense the severity of cavitation at different differential pressures across the test valve.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/84230/1/CAV2009-final22.pd

Reliability Indices Used in Design of Water Distribution Networks

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Do the User of Nutrition Information System (SISFORNUTRIMIL) Application Have an Impact on Maternal Eating Behaviour and Pregnancy Outcomes?

Background: In several studies have reported that complications of pregnancy could be indicated by inadequate nutrition during pregnancy. In this regard, some of the pregnant women are limited-time engagement with health professionals, lack resources and education of nutrition, and consume unhealthy food. Often found that pregnant women and family are difficult to estimate nutrient intake in line with dietary targets and guidelines and nutrient reference value.TheNutritionalInformation System (SISFORNUTRIMIL) is an application which helps the pregnant women to estimate nutrient intake and record their food intake. Objectives: The study aims to determine the maternal eating behaviour and pregnancy outcomes measurements. Methods: This study involved two phases. Phase one: Conducting a literature search required engaging in an extensive and systematic search strategy to be able to identify articles related to this study. Step two: this study will randomized control trial (RCT) and allocate participants 1:1 to the SISFORNUTRIMIL application user and non-user application. The Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of reproductive age (MDD-W) indicators and Adult Behaviour Eating Questionnaire (ABEQ) will be used to identify maternal eating behaviour. In additional, maternal weight gain, blood sample test, and birth weight examination used to measure pregnancy experience and pregnancy outcome. Discussion: Nutrition intervention during pregnancy is an important strategy to improve health pregnancy in reduced the healthcare and health promotion issue. The SISFORNUTRIMIL application for individual preferences for nutrition intervention and optimal pregnancy outcomes, suggesting a need for food intake guidelines that facilitate pregnant women involvement in eating properly. Furthermore, this research as a proper foundation to contribute to decreasing the morbidity and mortality rate