Sound synchronization of bubble trains in a viscous fluid : Experiment and modeling

Acknowledgements: We thank the São Paulo State Agency FAPESP and the Federal Brazilian Agency CNPq for the financial support. M.S.B. acknowledges EPSRC Grant No. EP/IO32606/1.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Cylindrical shells made of corrugated sheets.

<p>In comparison to the parameter space of the HH2C-based CPG the region that corresponds to bursting behavior is enlarged and a greater frequency variation is obtained in the region of g_KCa close to the transition between bursting to tonic behavior.</p

La nucléation des bulles de champagne

L’observation attentive des trains de bulles qui grimpent le long des parois d’une flûte de champagne montre qu’un site de nucléation donné peut émettre des bulles suivant des rythmes très complexes et subir de brusques transitions entre différents régimes, tout au long du processus de dégazage. Nos observations expérimentales indiquent que l’intervalle de temps entre l’émission de deux bulles successives est un processus déterministe régi par un couplage entre la poche de gaz piégée dans le site de nucléation et la bulle fraîchement nucléée. Un modèle numérique de nucléation, construit sur ce principe, rend compte de certaines de nos observations

Synaptic parameters used for the simulations with the HR, HH2C and HHIH models.

<p>Synaptic parameters used for the simulations with the HR, HH2C and HHIH models.</p

Parameter space of the bursting frequency as a function of I and g_syn for the HH2C-based 3-neuron CPG model.

<p>For lower values of g_KCa the CPG do not provide a three phase rhythm (blank region).</p

Analysis of the dynamics of the HH2C-based model.

<p>(A) Parameter space for the CPG. For smaller values of the intrinsic parameter the neurons behave tonically and do not provide usable CPGs (white region). (B) The frequency dependence on the synaptic strength for the line showed in (A) (g_KCa = 2.5 mS/cm²).</p

Characterization of the dynamic as a funtion of the intrinsic current and the synaptic strengh.

<p>(A) Parameter space of the bursting frequency for a two-HR model neurons half-center oscillator. The parameter I (horizontal axis) represents the intrinsic behavior of the neurons and the parameter g_syn (vertical axis) represents the maximal synaptic conductance between neurons. (B) Standard deviation of the bursting frequency for the same parameter space. The network is unstable for small values of the synaptic coupling when neurons become intrinsically more excited (tonic).</p

Dynamics of the 3-neuron model CPG.

<p>(A) Phase diagram showing the sequence of bursts (grey boxes) and (B) example of time series for the HR-based 3-neuron CPG. LP/IC and PY/VD bursts are superimposed as usually found in experiments. The PY/VD burst is interrupted by AB/PD and the cycle restarts.</p