Sıçanlarda %70 Hepatektomi Sonrası Oluşan Yerel ve Sistemik Anjiyojenik ve Antianjiyojenik Yanıt

. Aim: Angiogenesis is an important component of liver regeneration and occurs as a result of interaction between the proangiogenic and anti-angiogenic activities. This study investigated these two activities at both local and systemic levels and studied the possible correlation between them during hepatic regeneration. Material and method: In this study 64 female rats underwent 70% hepatectomy and were sacrificed on the posthepatectomy days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 21. In each group local and systemic effects of angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis were evaluated. Angiogenesis was defined by immunoreactivity to VEGFR-2, while anti-angiogenesis was determined by immunoreactivity to endostatin. Systemic VEGF and endostatin were identified by ELISA with corresponding antibodies. Results: Both VEGF and VEGFR-2 began to rise on day 3. On day 5 both of them reached local peak with 260,60 pg/ml for VEGF and 3.63 degrees for VEGFR-2 expression. At day 21 both parameters returned to basal level. Peak values of systemic endostatin (68,83 ng/ml) were detected on day 7. Local endostatin expression in tissue was found to be high through groups from 7th to 14th days (with mean degree of expression equalling 2). On day 14 through 21 when tissue endostatin went decreasing systemic one made some plateau. Discussion: As one of the aims of this study, the ratio or correlation between systemic VEGF and endostatin proved to have high level correlation coefficients (with ? > 0.69) among 5th, 7th, 10th, 14th and 21st day groups. Obtained VEGF-endostatin ratio is thought to be able to supply us with an instrument to measure angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis balance which is to be defined by prospective clinical studies in the future. Keywords: vascular endothelial growth factor, endostatin, VEGF-endostatin ratio, angiogenesis, anti-angiogenesis, liver regeneration. Supported by: HUSM, Scientific Research Unit, 012 D06 101 013.. Amaç: Anjiyojenez karaciğer rejenerasyonunun önemli bileşenlerinden olup proanjiyojenik etkenlerle antianjiyojenik etkenler arasındaki etkileşimin bir sonucudur. Bu çalışma, hepatektomi sonrası oluşan karaciğer rejenerasyonu süresince ortaya çıkan anjiyojenik ve antianjiyojenik etkinlikleri hem yerel hem de sistemik düzeyde araştırmış, aralarında korelasyon olup olmadığını incelemiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 64 adet sıçanda %70 hepatektomi sonrası 1., 3., 5., 7., 10., 14. ve 21. günde karaciğerde ve serumda sırasıyla yerel ve sistemik anjiyojenez/antianjiyojenez süreçleri araştırılmıştır. Anjiyojenez VEGFR-2'ye, anti-anjiyojenez ise endostatine karşı immünoreaktivite olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sistemik VEGF ile endostatin düzeyleri ELISA yöntemi ile tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar: Hem VEGF, hem de VEGFR-2 3. günde anjiyojenezin zirve yaptığı dönemde artma eğilimini gösterip 5. günde tepe değerlerine (VEGF için 260,60 pg/ml, VEGFR-2 için 3.63) ulaşmıştır. Her iki belirtecin 21. günde bazal düzeylerine döndüğü izlenmiştir. Sistemik endostatin düzeyinin 7. günde tepe (68,83 ng/ml) yaptığı, dokudaki endostatin dışavurum düzeyinin ise 7. ile 14. günler arasında yüksek (düzeyi = 2) seyrettiği tespit edilmiştir. On dördüncü ve 21. günde doku endostatininin azalmaya başladığı, sistemik endostatinin ise plato çizdiği izlenmiştir. Tartışma: Bahsedilen her iki sürecin sistemik belirteçleri olan VEGF ve endostatin arasında kuvvetli korelasyon bulunmuş olup her grupta her bir parametre için ortalama alınıp VEGF değerinin endostatin değeri ile bölünmesi sonucu VEGF-endostatin oran eğrisi oluşturulmuştur. Bu oranın patolojik olarak artmış anjiyojenez süreçlerinde iyi bir teşhis ve tarama testi olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülebilir. Ancak bunun için ileri klinik prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktörü, endostatin, VEGF-endostatin oranı, anjiyojenez, anti-anjiyojenez, karaciğer rejenerasyonu. Destekleyen Kuruluş: HÜTF Bilimsel Araştırmalar Birimi, 012 D06 101 013

Secretory Carcinoma of the Breast

Secretory carcinoma is a very rare subtype of breast carcinoma. These tumors are generally associated with a favorable prognosis, although having triple-negative phenotype (estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) negative and c-erbB2 (HER2) negative). In this presentation, a rare secretory carcinoma of the breast in a woman aged 24 years is discussed and the literature is reviewed

Secretory Carcinoma of the Breast

Secretory carcinoma is a very rare subtype of breast carcinoma. These tumors are generally associated with a favorable prognosis, although having triple-negative phenotype (estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) negative and c-erbB2 (HER2) negative). In this presentation, a rare secretory carcinoma of the breast in a woman aged 24 years is discussed and the literature is reviewed

Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Incidentally Recognized Postoperatively After Venous Port Placement

Persistent left superior vena cava is the most common congenital venous anomaly of the thoracic venous system, occurring in 0.3% to 0.5% of individuals in the general population. It may remain asymptomatic throughout life and be incidentally found in healthy individuals undergoing vascular procedures such as venous access device placements and endovascular cardiac interventions

Radiation Fibrosis Syndrome Imitating Breast Cancer Recurrence; A Case Report

Nowadays, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the most frequently used modalities in the treatment of breast cancer. It is very well-known that some severe complications may result from after these treatments. Early and late complications of radiotherapy are well known. The complications of radiation therapy may be seen in (early) or after three months (late-delayed) of periods. These complications may be related with direct or indirect effect of radiation. The radiation fibrosis syndrome is a progressive fibrotic tissue sclerosis together with various clinical symptoms in the irradiation field. It is usually a late finding of radiation therapy and may be seen weeks or even years after the treatment. Many systems such as musculo-skeletal, soft tissue, neural tissue and cardiopulmonary system may be affected. In this report, we present a case of a breast cancer treated with breast conserving surgery and radiation therapy twelve years ago. The patient had ipsilateral lymphedema, right axillary mass, and pain during arm and shoulder mobilization. Her physical examination and radiologic findings revealed a big mass invading right thoracic wall, thoracic cavity and the axilla. Histopathological evaluation performed after tru-cut and open biopsy from the mass showed fibrosis resulting from radiation therapy

Radiation Fibrosis Syndrome Imitating Breast Cancer Recurrence; A Case Report

Nowadays, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the most frequently used modalities in the treatment of breast cancer. It is very well-known that some severe complications may result from after these treatments. Early and late complications of radiotherapy are well known. The complications of radiation therapy may be seen in (early) or after three months (late-delayed) of periods. These complications may be related with direct or indirect effect of radiation. The radiation fibrosis syndrome is a progressive fibrotic tissue sclerosis together with various clinical symptoms in the irradiation field. It is usually a late finding of radiation therapy and may be seen weeks or even years after the treatment. Many systems such as musculo-skeletal, soft tissue, neural tissue and cardiopulmonary system may be affected. In this report, we present a case of a breast cancer treated with breast conserving surgery and radiation therapy twelve years ago. The patient had ipsilateral lymphedema, right axillary mass, and pain during arm and shoulder mobilization. Her physical examination and radiologic findings revealed a big mass invading right thoracic wall, thoracic cavity and the axilla. Histopathological evaluation performed after tru-cut and open biopsy from the mass showed fibrosis resulting from radiation therapy

Added Value of Contrast Medium in Whole-Body Hybrid Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Comparison between Contrast-Enhanced and Non-Contrast-Enhanced Protocols.

To compare the diagnostic ability and time efficiency of contrast-enhanced (CE) whole body fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) protocol and non-CE (NCE) protocol

Synchronous and metachronous bilateral breast cancer: A long-term experience

WOS: 000451018200005PubMed ID: 30610782Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the demographic, pathologic and survival characteristics of patients who were diagnosed as having bilateral breast cancer. Methods: A review was conducted of the records pertaining to patients who presented to our clinic and were diagnosed as having breast cancer. Any second cancer diagnosed within 12 months of initial diagnosis was defined as synchronous bilateral breast cancer. Assessment included treatments administered to the patients and survival rates, as well as their demographic, reproductive and pathologic features. Results: The total number of patients who were diagnosed as having bilateral breast cancer in the context of the present study was 99. Among the patients with synchronous breast cancer, the median age at the time of initial diagnosis was found as 57 years. The median age of the discovery of first tumor among the patients with metachronous tumor was 52 years and the median age of second tumor detection was 59 years. Family history in metachronous tumor was significantly greater (p =0.041). The median time of metachronous cancer incidence was 96 months. The length of disease-free period among the patients with synchronous tumor was 126.3 months, whereas it was 243.7 months in those with metachronous tumor (p=0.041). Conclusion: The incidence rate of synchronous breast tumors has been rising thanks to growing awareness and the leading-edge imaging methods. The fact that the second tumor developed after more than 5 years among the patients with metachronous cancer gave rise to the increased rate of survival

A Rare Tumor that Mimicked Metastasis in a Patient with Breast Cancer: Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma

WOS: 000382991600007PubMed ID: 28331739A woman aged 50 years was diagnosed as having an invasive ductal carcinoma in the right breast and ductal carcinoma in situ in the left breast and underwent bilateral mastectomy eight years ago. A mass was identified during follow-up in positron-emission tomography (PET) image in the left infraclavicular region, indicating metastasis. Histopathologic examination showed a mass of 1.9 x 1 x 0.7 cm in dimensions characterized by spindle or round nuclei cells that formed island or cords in hyaline and myxoid ground and intracytoplasmic vacuoles containing erythrocytes. In the immunohistochemical analysis, tumor cells were widespread with diffuse positivity with CD34 and vimentin. These findings redirected us from a diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma to epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, a rare tumor of intermediate vascular tumor groups. In this respect, confirmation through biopsy from considered cases of metastasis is important in making a definite pathologic differential diagnosis

Receptor discordance rate and its effects on survival in primary and recurrent breast cancer patients

WOS: 000392785500014PubMed ID: 28039703Purpose: The receptor status of breast cancer plays a critical role in clinical practice. During the metastatic process, a change in the biological characteristics of the tumor can be seen. This study aimed to investigate the hormone receptor and HER2 status changes between primary and recurrent breast cancers and their effect on survival. Methods: Eighty-six breast cancer patients with biopsy-proven local recurrences or distant metastases during the follow-up period were included in the study. Patients with metastatic disease at the time of first diagnosis or with history of previous neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. Results: Forty-three of the 86 patients (50%) had changes in at least one of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), or HER2. ER, PR and HER2 discordance rates were 12.7,38.3, and 15.1%, respectively, and PR discordance was significantly higher (p=0.000). Among all molecular subtypes, the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype showed the least change. When the effect of chemotherapy on receptor change was analyzed, PR discordance was significantly higher in the group who received chemotherapy (p =0.029). Analysis of the hormonotherapy effects on receptor discordance revealed results similar to those of chemotherapy. Only the PR discordance was significantly greater in the group that received hormonotherapy (p=0.000). None of the three receptor discordances or loss of any receptor were related to survival. Primary tumor TNBC subtype and disease-free-interval (DFI) shorter than 5 years were found as independent prognostic factors that negatively affected overall survival (OS). Conclusion: This study showed that during recurrent disease there was 50% discordance in the expression of ER, PR, and HER2. The receptor showing the greatest discordance and influence from the systemic treatment was PR. A significant relationship between receptor discordance and survival could not be demonstrated in our study