152 research outputs found
Implicit attitude toward caregiving: The moderating role of adult attachment styles
Attachment and caregiving are separate motivational systems that share the common evolutionary purpose of favoring child security. In the goal of studying the processes underlying the transmission of attachment styles, this study focused on the role of adult attachment styles in shaping preferences toward particular styles of caregiving. We hypothesized a correspondence between attachment and caregiving styles: we expect an individual to show a preference for a caregiving behavior coherent with his/her own attachment style, in order to increase the chance of passing it on to offspring. We activated different representations of specific caregiving modalities in females, by using three videos in which mothers with different Adult Attachment states of mind played with their infants. Participants' facial expressions while watching were recorded and analyzed with FaceReader software. After each video, participants' attitudes toward the category "mother" were measured, both explicitly (semantic differential) and implicitly (single target-implicit association task, ST-IAT). Participants' adult attachment styles (experiences in close relationships revised) predicted attitudes scores, but only when measured implicitly. Participants scored higher on the ST-IAT after watching a video coherent with their attachment style. No effect was found on the facial expressions of disgust. These findings suggest a role of adult attachment styles in shaping implicit attitudes related to the caregiving system
Dynamics of a massive intruder in a homogeneously driven granular fluid
A massive intruder in a homogeneously driven granular fluid, in dilute
configurations, performs a memory-less Brownian motion with drag and
temperature simply related to the average density and temperature of the fluid.
At volume fraction the intruder's velocity correlates with the
local fluid velocity field: such situation is approximately described by a
system of coupled linear Langevin equations equivalent to a generalized
Brownian motion with memory. Here one may verify the breakdown of the
Fluctuation-Dissipation relation and the presence of a net entropy flux - from
the fluid to the intruder - whose fluctuations satisfy the Fluctuation
Relation.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, to be published on "Granular Matter" in a special
issue in honor of the memory of Prof. Isaac Goldhirsc
Fluctuations in partitioning systems with few degrees of freedom
We study the behavior of a moving wall in contact with a particle gas and
subjected to an external force. We compare the fluctuations of the system
observed in the microcanonical and canonical ensembles, at varying the number
of particles. Static and dynamic correlations signal significant differences
between the two ensembles. Furthermore, velocity-velocity correlations of the
moving wall present a complex two-time relaxation which cannot be reproduced by
a standard Langevin-like description. Quite remarkably, increasing the number
of gas particles in an elongated geometry, we find a typical timescale, related
to the interaction between the partitioning wall and the particles, which grows
macroscopically.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figure
Fluctuating hydrodynamics and correlation lengths in a driven granular fluid
Static and dynamical structure factors for shear and longitudinal modes of
the velocity and density fields are computed for a granular system fluidized by
a stochastic bath with friction. Analytical expressions are obtained through
fluctuating hydrodynamics and are successfully compared with numerical
simulations up to a volume fraction . Hydrodynamic noise is the sum
of external noise due to the bath and internal one due to collisions. Only the
latter is assumed to satisfy the fluctuation-dissipation relation with the
average granular temperature. Static velocity structure factors
and display a general non-constant behavior with two plateaux
at large and small , representing the granular temperature and the
bath temperature respectively. From this behavior, two different
velocity correlation lengths are measured, both increasing as the packing
fraction is raised. This growth of spatial order is in agreement with the
behaviour of dynamical structure factors, the decay of which becomes slower and
slower at increasing density.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figure
Questioning the tension via the look-back time
The Hubble tension is investigated taking into account the cosmological
look-back time. Specifically, considering a single equation, widely used in
standard cosmology, it is possible to recover both values of the Hubble
constant reported by the SH0ES and Planck collaborations: the former is
obtained through cosmological ladder methods (e.g. Cepheids, Supernovae Type
IA) and the latter through measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background.
Also, other values obtained in the literature are achieved with the same
approach. We conclude that the Hubble tension can be removed if the look-back
time is correctly referred to the redshift where the measurement is performed.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Physics of the Dark
Univers
Like grandparents, like parents: Empirical evidence and psychoanalytic thinking on the transmission of parenting styles
The authors discuss the issue of intergenerational transmission of parenting from an empirical and psychoanalytic perspective. After presenting a framework to explain their conception of parenting, they describe intergenerational transmission of parenting as a key to interpreting and eventually changing parenting behaviors. Then they present (1) the empirical approach aimed at determining if there is actually a stability across generations that contributes to harsh parenting and eventually maltreatment and (2) the psyphoanalytic thinking that seeks to explain the continuity in terms of representations and clinical phenomena. The authors also discuss the relationship between the attachment and the caregiving systems and hypothesize a common base for the two systems in childhood experience. Finally, they propose the psychoanalytic perspective as a fruitful theoretical framework to integrate the evidence for the neurophysiological mediators and moderators of intergenerational transmission. Psychoanalytically informed research can provide clinically relevant insights and hypotheses to be tested
On anomalous diffusion and the out of equilibrium response function in one-dimensional models
We study how the Einstein relation between spontaneous fluctuations and the
response to an external perturbation holds in the absence of currents, for the
comb model and the elastic single-file, which are examples of systems with
subdiffusive transport properties. The relevance of non-equilibrium conditions
is investigated: when a stationary current (in the form of a drift or an energy
flux) is present, the Einstein relation breaks down, as is known to happen in
systems with standard diffusion. In the case of the comb model, a general
relation, which has appeared in the recent literature, between the response
function and an unperturbed suitable correlation function, allows us to explain
the observed results. This suggests that a relevant ingredient in breaking the
Einstein formula, for stationary regimes, is not the anomalous diffusion but
the presence of currents driving the system out of equilibrium.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
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