20 research outputs found

    The European Eye Epidemiology spectral-domain optical coherence tomography classification of macular diseases for epidemiological studies

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    Purpose: The aim of the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium was to develop a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)-based classification for macular diseases to standardize epidemiological studies. Methods: A European panel of vitreoretinal disease experts and epidemiologists belonging to the E3 consortium was assembled to define a classification for SD-OCT imaging of the macula. A series of meeting was organized, to develop, test and finalize the classification. First, grading methods used by the different research groups were presented and discussed, and a first version of classification was proposed. This first version was then tested on a set of 50 SD-OCT images in the Bordeaux and Rotterdam centres. Agreements were analysed and discussed with the panel of experts and a final version of the classification was produced. Results: Definitions and classifications are proposed for the structure assessment of the vitreomacular interface (visibility of vitreous interface, vitreomacular adhesion, vitreomacular traction, epiretinal membrane, full-thickness macular hole, lamellar macular hole, macular pseudo-hole) and of the retina (retinoschisis, drusen, pigment epithelium detachment, hyper-reflective clumps, retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, intraretinal cystoid spaces, intraretinal tubular changes, subretinal fluid, subretinal material). Classifications according to size and location are defined. Illustrations of each item are provided, as well as the grading form. Conclusion: The E3 SD-OCT classification has been developed to harmonize epidemiological studies. This homogenization will allow comparing and sharing data collection between European and international studies.</p

    Clinical and Epidemiologic Research Vitreomacular Adhesion and Its Association With Age- Related Macular Degeneration in a Population-Based Setting: The Alienor Study

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    PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to describe vitreomacular adhesion (VMA), diagnosed with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), its risk factors, and its association with AMD in a population-based study of French elderly subjects. METHODS. Six hundred twenty-two of 624 (99.7%) participants of the Alienor study (Bordeaux, France), ‡75 years of age, had gradable SD-OCT scans of the macula in at least one eye. VMA was defined as visible perifoveal vitreous separation with remaining vitreomacular attachment and unperturbed foveal morphologic features. Late AMD was classified from retinal color photographs, SD-OCT, and ophthalmologic history. Early AMD was classified from retinal photographs and defined by the presence of large drusen and/or reticular drusen and/or pigmentary abnormalities. RESULTS. The prevalence of VMA was 15.8%, decreased with age (18.1% in subjects 75 to 84 years of age versus 8.9% after 85 years of age), and was higher in men than women (20.6% vs. 12.8%). VMA also tended to be less frequent in eyes with a history of cataract surgery (odds ratio [OR] ¼ 0.66, P ¼ 0.05), after adjustment for age and sex. No associations of VMA with other risk factors (cardiovascular risk factors, dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids, lifetime ultraviolet radiation exposure, major AMD genetic polymorphisms) were found. After multivariate adjustment, VMA was not significantly associated with early or late AMD (OR ¼ 1.14, P ¼ 0.70 and OR ¼ 0.78, P ¼ 0.51 for early and late AMD, respectively). CONCLUSIONS. VMA was visible on SD-OCT in 16% in this sample of elderly French subjects but was not associated with AMD. Prospective studies of the associations of VMA with AMD are needed

    Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci

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    PURPOSE. Albinism is a group of genetic disorders that includes several conditions related to a defect in melanin production. There is a broad phenotypic and genotypic variability between the different forms. The aim of this study was to assess the ophthalmologic characteristics according to patients' genotypes in a cohort followed in the Reference Center for oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) of Bordeaux University Hospital, France.METHODS. A retrospective observational study was conducted in a cohort of patients with OCA seen in consultation in the ophthalmology department between 2017 and 2021 in whom a genetic analysis was performed.RESULTS. In total, 127 patients with OCA were included in this study and matched with the results of the genetic analysis. In the population aged over 6 years, there was no statistical difference in binocular visual acuity between the OCA1, OCA2, and OCA4 forms (P = 0.27). There was difference in ametropia between the three forms (P = 0.003). A twoby-two comparison using the Bonferroni correction showed a significant difference in ametropia between the OCA2 and OCA4 forms (P = 0.007) and between the OCA1 and OCA2 forms (P = 0.0075). Regardless of the form, most patients (75.4%) had grade 4 foveal hypoplasia. There was no association between the grade of foveal hypoplasia and the gene involved (P = 0.87).CONCLUSIONS. We described a genotype-phenotype correlation for the three most represented forms of albinism in our cohort. This study allowed assessing the degree of visual deficiency in young children with OCA

    The uses of OCT in the study of elderly

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    Les sociétés industrialisées sont vieillissantes et la plupart des pathologies oculaires sont liées à l’âge. La dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge (DMLA) est la première cause de cécité dans les pays développés. Malgré cela, ses causes exactes restent méconnues. Par ailleurs, le processus de vieillissement oculaire touche toutes les structures de l’oeil. Avec l’âge, par exemple, le gel vitréen se détache de la rétine. Certains auteurs ont émis l’hypothèse d’un lien entre l’adhésion vitréomaculaire (VMA) et la DMLA. Une autre hypothèse impliquerait des changements vasculaires précoces au sein de la choroïde, en rapport avec les facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaire, qui affecteraient dans un second temps l’épithélium pigmentaire de la rétine et participeraient au développement de la DMLA. L’émergence de la tomographie par cohérence optique en spectral domain (SD-OCT) a amélioré de façon notoire la visualisation des couches rétiniennes et de l’interface vitréorétinienne. En parallèle, la mise au point de la technique dite de l’“enhanced depth-imaging” (EDI-OCT), a permis une mesure quantitative de l’épaisseur choroïdienne. Dans un premier article, nous avons décrit l’adhésion vitréomaculaire au moyen du SD-OCT et étudié sa relation avec la DMLA au sein de la cohorte ALIENOR, une étude épidémiologique en population générale âgée, réalisée à Bordeaux. La VMA était présente chez 16% des sujets et aucune association n’a été retrouvée avec la DMLA. Dans un second article, nous avons étudié les associations de l’épaisseur choroïdienne sous-fovéolaire avec les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire et la DMLA au sein de la cohorte ALIENOR. Nous avons retrouvé qu’un âge élevé, une longueur axiale élevée, un tabagisme important et une glycémie à jeun supérieure à 7 mmol/l étaient associés à une plus faible épaisseur de la choroïde. L’épaisseur choroïdienne était plus faible dans les yeux présentant des anomalies pigmentaires centrales, qui sont des signes précoces de DMLA. Cela suggère une relation entre facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaire et épaisseur choroïdienne ainsi qu’une implication précoce de la choroïde dans la physiopathologie de la DMLA. Enfin, bien que le développement de l’OCT ait révolutionné les pratiques cliniques, les études épidémiologiques se basent encore majoritairement sur les photographies du fond d’oeil, en particulier parce qu’il n’existe pas de classification standardisée pour les pathologies maculaires basée sur les examens OCT. Dans un troisième article nous avons mis au point une telle classification. Celle-ci est le résultat d’un travail au sein du consortium européen « European Eye Epidemiology (E3) ». Notre étude apporte des résultats originaux au sujet de l’étude du vieillisement rétinien et choroïdien à l’OCT. Le développement de nouvelles technologies, en particulier l’OCTangiographie et l’intelligence articielle, pourrait fournir de nouvellles données.Industrialized countries are aging societies and the major eye diseases are related to age. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the developed world. However, the exact pathogenesis of AMD remains unclear. Age can affect all ocular tissues. For instance, with age, the vitreous cortex may detach gradually from the retina and some authors have suggested a link between vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) and AMD. Another hypothesis is that primary vascular changes happen in the choroid, in connection with vascular risk factors, and secondarily affect the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and participate in the development of AMD. The emergence of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) has ramatically improved the visualization of the retina layers and of the vitreomacular interface. Later on, enhanced depth-imaging (EDI) technique allowed a quantitative measurement of the choroidal thickness. In a first article, we described VMA on SD-OCT and its association with AMD in the ALIENOR cohort. VMA was visible in 16% of the subjects and was not significantly associated with AMD. In a second article we have studied the associations of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) with vascular risk factors and AMD in the ALIENOR cohort, a population-based epidemiological study performed in Bordeaux (France). We found that older age, greater axial length, heavy smoking and fasting blood glucose higher than 7 mmol/l were independently associated with thinner SFCT. SFCT was also significantly thinner in eyes with central pigmentary abnormalities, which are early signs of AMD. These findings indicate a relationship between vascular risk factors and choroidal thinning and suggest an early involvement of the choroid in the pathogenesis of AMD. Finally, although the development of SD-OCT was revolutionary in the clinical practice, current epidemiological studies of retinal diseases are still mainly based on fundus photography, because of the lack of a standardized classification for macular diseases, based on OCT examinations. In a third article we have developped a SD-OCT-based classification for macular diseases. This classification is the result of a work performed in the frameword of the “European Eye Epidemiology (E3)” consortium. Our study, based on SD-OCT, provides original results on retinal and choroidal aging. The development of OCT angiography and deep learning, could contibute to our understanding

    Apport de l'imagerie par OCT dans l'épidémiologie du vieillissement oculaire

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    Industrialized countries are aging societies and the major eye diseases are related to age. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the developed world. However, the exact pathogenesis of AMD remains unclear. Age can affect all ocular tissues. For instance, with age, the vitreous cortex may detach gradually from the retina and some authors have suggested a link between vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) and AMD. Another hypothesis is that primary vascular changes happen in the choroid, in connection with vascular risk factors, and secondarily affect the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and participate in the development of AMD. The emergence of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) has ramatically improved the visualization of the retina layers and of the vitreomacular interface. Later on, enhanced depth-imaging (EDI) technique allowed a quantitative measurement of the choroidal thickness. In a first article, we described VMA on SD-OCT and its association with AMD in the ALIENOR cohort. VMA was visible in 16% of the subjects and was not significantly associated with AMD. In a second article we have studied the associations of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) with vascular risk factors and AMD in the ALIENOR cohort, a population-based epidemiological study performed in Bordeaux (France). We found that older age, greater axial length, heavy smoking and fasting blood glucose higher than 7 mmol/l were independently associated with thinner SFCT. SFCT was also significantly thinner in eyes with central pigmentary abnormalities, which are early signs of AMD. These findings indicate a relationship between vascular risk factors and choroidal thinning and suggest an early involvement of the choroid in the pathogenesis of AMD. Finally, although the development of SD-OCT was revolutionary in the clinical practice, current epidemiological studies of retinal diseases are still mainly based on fundus photography, because of the lack of a standardized classification for macular diseases, based on OCT examinations. In a third article we have developped a SD-OCT-based classification for macular diseases. This classification is the result of a work performed in the frameword of the “European Eye Epidemiology (E3)” consortium. Our study, based on SD-OCT, provides original results on retinal and choroidal aging. The development of OCT angiography and deep learning, could contibute to our understanding.Les sociétés industrialisées sont vieillissantes et la plupart des pathologies oculaires sont liées à l’âge. La dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge (DMLA) est la première cause de cécité dans les pays développés. Malgré cela, ses causes exactes restent méconnues. Par ailleurs, le processus de vieillissement oculaire touche toutes les structures de l’oeil. Avec l’âge, par exemple, le gel vitréen se détache de la rétine. Certains auteurs ont émis l’hypothèse d’un lien entre l’adhésion vitréomaculaire (VMA) et la DMLA. Une autre hypothèse impliquerait des changements vasculaires précoces au sein de la choroïde, en rapport avec les facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaire, qui affecteraient dans un second temps l’épithélium pigmentaire de la rétine et participeraient au développement de la DMLA. L’émergence de la tomographie par cohérence optique en spectral domain (SD-OCT) a amélioré de façon notoire la visualisation des couches rétiniennes et de l’interface vitréorétinienne. En parallèle, la mise au point de la technique dite de l’“enhanced depth-imaging” (EDI-OCT), a permis une mesure quantitative de l’épaisseur choroïdienne. Dans un premier article, nous avons décrit l’adhésion vitréomaculaire au moyen du SD-OCT et étudié sa relation avec la DMLA au sein de la cohorte ALIENOR, une étude épidémiologique en population générale âgée, réalisée à Bordeaux. La VMA était présente chez 16% des sujets et aucune association n’a été retrouvée avec la DMLA. Dans un second article, nous avons étudié les associations de l’épaisseur choroïdienne sous-fovéolaire avec les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire et la DMLA au sein de la cohorte ALIENOR. Nous avons retrouvé qu’un âge élevé, une longueur axiale élevée, un tabagisme important et une glycémie à jeun supérieure à 7 mmol/l étaient associés à une plus faible épaisseur de la choroïde. L’épaisseur choroïdienne était plus faible dans les yeux présentant des anomalies pigmentaires centrales, qui sont des signes précoces de DMLA. Cela suggère une relation entre facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaire et épaisseur choroïdienne ainsi qu’une implication précoce de la choroïde dans la physiopathologie de la DMLA. Enfin, bien que le développement de l’OCT ait révolutionné les pratiques cliniques, les études épidémiologiques se basent encore majoritairement sur les photographies du fond d’oeil, en particulier parce qu’il n’existe pas de classification standardisée pour les pathologies maculaires basée sur les examens OCT. Dans un troisième article nous avons mis au point une telle classification. Celle-ci est le résultat d’un travail au sein du consortium européen « European Eye Epidemiology (E3) ». Notre étude apporte des résultats originaux au sujet de l’étude du vieillisement rétinien et choroïdien à l’OCT. Le développement de nouvelles technologies, en particulier l’OCTangiographie et l’intelligence articielle, pourrait fournir de nouvellles données

    The uses of OCT in the study of elderly

    No full text
    Les sociétés industrialisées sont vieillissantes et la plupart des pathologies oculaires sont liées à l’âge. La dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge (DMLA) est la première cause de cécité dans les pays développés. Malgré cela, ses causes exactes restent méconnues. Par ailleurs, le processus de vieillissement oculaire touche toutes les structures de l’oeil. Avec l’âge, par exemple, le gel vitréen se détache de la rétine. Certains auteurs ont émis l’hypothèse d’un lien entre l’adhésion vitréomaculaire (VMA) et la DMLA. Une autre hypothèse impliquerait des changements vasculaires précoces au sein de la choroïde, en rapport avec les facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaire, qui affecteraient dans un second temps l’épithélium pigmentaire de la rétine et participeraient au développement de la DMLA. L’émergence de la tomographie par cohérence optique en spectral domain (SD-OCT) a amélioré de façon notoire la visualisation des couches rétiniennes et de l’interface vitréorétinienne. En parallèle, la mise au point de la technique dite de l’“enhanced depth-imaging” (EDI-OCT), a permis une mesure quantitative de l’épaisseur choroïdienne. Dans un premier article, nous avons décrit l’adhésion vitréomaculaire au moyen du SD-OCT et étudié sa relation avec la DMLA au sein de la cohorte ALIENOR, une étude épidémiologique en population générale âgée, réalisée à Bordeaux. La VMA était présente chez 16% des sujets et aucune association n’a été retrouvée avec la DMLA. Dans un second article, nous avons étudié les associations de l’épaisseur choroïdienne sous-fovéolaire avec les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire et la DMLA au sein de la cohorte ALIENOR. Nous avons retrouvé qu’un âge élevé, une longueur axiale élevée, un tabagisme important et une glycémie à jeun supérieure à 7 mmol/l étaient associés à une plus faible épaisseur de la choroïde. L’épaisseur choroïdienne était plus faible dans les yeux présentant des anomalies pigmentaires centrales, qui sont des signes précoces de DMLA. Cela suggère une relation entre facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaire et épaisseur choroïdienne ainsi qu’une implication précoce de la choroïde dans la physiopathologie de la DMLA. Enfin, bien que le développement de l’OCT ait révolutionné les pratiques cliniques, les études épidémiologiques se basent encore majoritairement sur les photographies du fond d’oeil, en particulier parce qu’il n’existe pas de classification standardisée pour les pathologies maculaires basée sur les examens OCT. Dans un troisième article nous avons mis au point une telle classification. Celle-ci est le résultat d’un travail au sein du consortium européen « European Eye Epidemiology (E3) ». Notre étude apporte des résultats originaux au sujet de l’étude du vieillisement rétinien et choroïdien à l’OCT. Le développement de nouvelles technologies, en particulier l’OCTangiographie et l’intelligence articielle, pourrait fournir de nouvellles données.Industrialized countries are aging societies and the major eye diseases are related to age. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the developed world. However, the exact pathogenesis of AMD remains unclear. Age can affect all ocular tissues. For instance, with age, the vitreous cortex may detach gradually from the retina and some authors have suggested a link between vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) and AMD. Another hypothesis is that primary vascular changes happen in the choroid, in connection with vascular risk factors, and secondarily affect the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and participate in the development of AMD. The emergence of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) has ramatically improved the visualization of the retina layers and of the vitreomacular interface. Later on, enhanced depth-imaging (EDI) technique allowed a quantitative measurement of the choroidal thickness. In a first article, we described VMA on SD-OCT and its association with AMD in the ALIENOR cohort. VMA was visible in 16% of the subjects and was not significantly associated with AMD. In a second article we have studied the associations of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) with vascular risk factors and AMD in the ALIENOR cohort, a population-based epidemiological study performed in Bordeaux (France). We found that older age, greater axial length, heavy smoking and fasting blood glucose higher than 7 mmol/l were independently associated with thinner SFCT. SFCT was also significantly thinner in eyes with central pigmentary abnormalities, which are early signs of AMD. These findings indicate a relationship between vascular risk factors and choroidal thinning and suggest an early involvement of the choroid in the pathogenesis of AMD. Finally, although the development of SD-OCT was revolutionary in the clinical practice, current epidemiological studies of retinal diseases are still mainly based on fundus photography, because of the lack of a standardized classification for macular diseases, based on OCT examinations. In a third article we have developped a SD-OCT-based classification for macular diseases. This classification is the result of a work performed in the frameword of the “European Eye Epidemiology (E3)” consortium. Our study, based on SD-OCT, provides original results on retinal and choroidal aging. The development of OCT angiography and deep learning, could contibute to our understanding

    The European Eye Epidemiology spectral-domain optical coherence tomography classification of macular diseases for epidemiological studies

    No full text
    Purpose: The aim of the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium was to develop a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)-based classification for macular diseases to standardize epidemiological studies. Methods: A European panel of vitreoretinal disease experts and epidemiologists belonging to the E3 consortium was assembled to define a classification for SD-OCT imaging of the macula. A series of meeting was organized, to develop, test and finalize the classification. First, grading methods used by the different research groups were presented and discussed, and a first version of classification was proposed. This first version was then tested on a set of 50 SD-OCT images in the Bordeaux and Rotterdam centres. Agreements were analysed and discussed with the panel of experts and a final version of the classification was produced. Results: Definitions and classifications are proposed for the structure assessment of the vitreomacular interface (visibility of vitreous interface, vitreomacular adhesion, vitreomacular traction, epiretinal membrane, full-thickness macular hole, lamellar macular hole, macular pseudo-hole) and of the retina (retinoschisis, drusen, pigment epithelium detachment, hyper-reflective clumps, retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, intraretinal cystoid spaces, intraretinal tubular changes, subretinal fluid, subretinal material). Classifications according to size and location are defined. Illustrations of each item are provided, as well as the grading form. Conclusion: The E3 SD-OCT classification has been developed to harmonize epidemiological studies. This homogenization will allow comparing and sharing data collection between European and international studies

    Eur J Ophthalmol

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    BACKGROUND: In non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) shows changes in peripapillary vascularization. However, the presence of an optic disc edema may induce artifacts that prevent visualizing the peripapillary network. The aim of this study was to evaluate the peripapillary vascularization in acute NAION using swept-source OCTA algorithms allowing segmenting only the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 15 eyes with acute NAION of 15 patients. The optic nerve head was imaged using swept-source OCTA. Morphological and quantitative analyzes were performed. The capillary flux index (CFI), defined as the total weighted area of perfused vasculature per unit area, and the capillary perfusion density (CPD), defined as the total area of perfused microvasculature per unit area, were quantified. Each NAION eye was compared to the unaffected fellow eye using a Wilcoxon test for matched samples. RESULTS: After segmentation at the RNFL, the morphological analysis showed less vascular dropout and more vascular tortuosity than the analysis of a larger segmentation. The quantitative analysis showed that the mean CFI and the CFI in the four quadrants were significantly higher in NAION eyes compared to healthy eyes (p = 0.0002 and p < 0.01). The mean CPD and the CFD in the inferior quadrant were lower in NAION eyes (p = 0.03 and p = 0.0054, respectively). DISCUSSION: The RNFL segmentation allowed better visualizing the peripapillary network because the edema related darkening was reduced. The increased CFI suggests an autoregulatory phenomenon to compensate the ischemic process at the ciliary vasculature
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