Paternal Psychological Distress and Child Problem Behavior from Early Childhood to Middle Adolescence

OBJECTIVE: To explore if paternal psychological distress is related to the longitudinal course of child Problem behaviour after accounting for maternal psychological distress. METHOD: We used data from the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), a large general-population birth cohort in the UK. Maternal and paternal psychological distress was measured with the Kessler 6-item psychological distress scale (K-6) at child ages 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14 years. Problem behaviour was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at these ages. Data were analyzed using growth curve modelling, before and after adjustment for confounders (N = 13,442). RESULTS: The effect of paternal psychological distress was weaker than that of maternal psychological distress. However, even after adjustment for maternal psychological distress and confounding, paternal psychological distress predicted all four domains of child Problem behaviour we examined (hyperactivity, conduct, emotional and peer problems). Child problem scores were generally lower in biological father families, but the effect of paternal psychological distress was the same for children in biological and non-biological father families, and did not depend on the level of maternal psychological distress. High levels of paternal psychological distress predicted some problems (emotional symptoms and hyperactivity) more strongly in boys than girls. CONCLUSION: There was evidence for a robust association between psychological distress in fathers and Problem behaviour in their offspring. Our findings suggest that the mental health of both fathers and mothers is important for the behaviour of their children

On the numerical and mesh-dependent parameters in a computationally enhanced phase-field fracture model coupled with a novel mesh refinement strategy

The phase-field method has been proven as a robust and computationally efficient approach to model the propagation of fractures in brittle solids. However, the performance of this technique in the context of finite element method can be questioned due to restrictions in the mesh structure and the element size to capture the fracture as a diffusive damaged region. This study is dedicated to developing a methodology for finding an appropriate length-scale parameter to model the fracturing process in a way that matches the physical character of failure in materials. The fracture process zone is chosen as the key feature in this study to propose relationships for estimating the length-scale parameter based on the tensile strength and cracking properties, and the robustness of the method is verified using experimental data. To employ the phase-field method in modelling large-scale domains and complex geometries, a novel mesh refinement strategy is developed to increase the computational efficiency based on predicting a corrected tensile strength limit depending on the element size to capture the crack-tip effectively. The proposed mesh refinement strategy reduces the computational effort significantly. Reliability and robustness of the developed relationships are successfully examined by simulating benchmark cases and comparisons with physically measured data

Relation between parvovirus B19 infection and fetal mortality and spontaneous abortion

Background: Infection with parvovirus B19 may cause fetal losses including spontaneous abortion, intrauterine fetal death and non-immune hydrops fetalis. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of parvovirus B19 in formalin fixed placental tissues in lost fetuses using real-time PCR method. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 formalin fixed placental tissues with unknown cause of fetal death were determined using real-time PCR method after DNA extraction. Results: Six out of 100 cases (6) were positive for parvovirus B19 using real-time PCR. Gestational age of all positive cases was less than 20 weeks with a mean of 12.3 weeks. Three cases have a history of abortion and all of positive cases were collected in spring. Mean age of positive cases were 28 years. Conclusion: Parvovirus B19 during pregnancy can infect red precursor cells and induces apoptosis or lyses these cells that resulting in anemia and congestive heart failure leading to fetal death. Management of parvovirus B19 infection in pregnant women is important because immediate diagnosis and transfusion in hydropsic fetuses can decrease the risk of fetal death

The Assessment of Quality and Modeling Educational Services In Payame Noor University

Abstract: One Of The Most Critical Steps Of  The Educational Planning Is The Evaluation Of Educational Goals.Identifying This Aim Requaires A Tool By Which To Measure The Quality Of  Programs.The Aim of This Study was  Assessment The Quality And Modeling Educational Services In Distance Education In Iran. The Method Of Research  Was Descriptive.In This Research, The Required Data Were Collected From A Sample Of 119 Consist Of  Male And Female Ph.D Student And Faculty Member Who Selected By Stratified  Sampling Method.The Formal Validity Of The Questionnaire Was Confirmed By The Specialists In The Field And The Reliability Was Calculated By K –Alfa At Laest (0.78).Data were Analized By Descriptive And Inferential (Factor Analysis) statistical Indexes. The Results Indicated That The Quality  Of Educational Services  Indexs In Curriculum Stractures,Student Services Are Average And The Faculty Member Support Is low And Weakness.In Addition,The Results Indicated That The 3 Factor Model With (RMSEA=0/085) And (CFI=0/97) Has Suitable Fitness

Recognition and identification analysis of the features of the epistemology of the MOOC (Massive and Courses)

Background and Objectives: One of the forms of knowledge acquisition in the current era is the distance education system, which has changed the traditional teaching methods, made it possible for everyone to learn everywhere and at any time, and has established social justice in the distribution of resources and facilities. It has created the necessary conditions for standardized education and in accordance with the needs of individuals and society, as well as the significant help that this system can easily and timely modernize education, save time, money and energy consumption, create opportunities for continuing education for employed people, strengthen specializations and creates calmness and reduces anxiety. And given that in addition to classroom teaching at the university, distance learning is now a valid method worldwide and UNESCO and other educational organizations around the world emphasize the expansion of distance learning, it is necessary to seriously develop it and the foundations of epistemology; and make it known to policymakers, planners and learners.The present study was conducted with the aim of identification and assessing the epistemological characteristics of MOOC (massive and courses). Methods: For this purpose, two methods of exploratory search (qualitative) and a questionnaire (quantitative) method were used. In the qualitative part of the research environment, the relevant electronic sources related to the subject matter of the research including 20 related articles were selected. In the quantitative section from the statistical population of 60 specialists in planning distance education in 2018 in the country a sample of 36 people was selected through voluntary sampling. To analyze the qualitative data, content analysis method and content validity index were used for analyzing quantitative data from mean weight and Friedman test. Findings: The results of content analysis indicated that four episodes of the learner, the content, teaching organization and educational environment can be investigated in MOOC epistemology (massive and courses). A total of 35 criteria were identified and confirmed. Quantitative results show that improving the level of information and digital literacy of professors, and knowledge with previous cognitive structures are the most important criterions of the epistemological characteristics of the courses of MOOC; and the criteria of ease of usedigital content, the recruitment of information technology professionals, for knowledge courses and the provision of Internet-based learning group environment, are the most important criterion for epistemology of massive MOOC. Conclusion: The results showed that in the epistemology of massive courses the dim   ===================================================================================== COPYRIGHTS  ©2020 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.  ====================================================================================

The philosophical analysis of technology and its relation to cyberspace

Background and Objective:Technology is a widespread and vital event in the present time. The digital form and the telecommunications sector, which have been accompanied by the transformation of social structures, have transformed the daily life more than the biological arenas and the ecology. The essence of technology is not neutral to be passive in the face of human affairs such as culture, but between technology and the production of thought has always been a two-way relationship. Technology has its own knowledge and is related to the philosophical infrastructure of time and it changes with them. This type of knowledge is based on performance and does not have a metaphysical nature. One of the technological events is the realization of a cybernetic space that is closest to the nature of technology. This proportion is due to the technological nature of cyberspace, the new human habitat in the form of transhumanism and the desire to circulate information rhizome, multidimensional and decentralized. The purpose of this research is the philosophical analysis of technology and to find its relation with cyberspace that is done analytically. Methods: The type of research is applied and the research method is analytical-documentary. Findings: Research findings show that what brings an object to the technological level is its structure and rationality, which both meet biological needs and generate new needs for humans; and progresses in a dialectical process to find its relation to the production of thought. Also, the study of the relationship between thought and technology shows that the Gestalt attitude towards technology is related to the relationship between man and technology. This ratio is explained by the specific knowledge of technology based on its conceptual basis in postmodern knowledge. The knowledge that is flexible, relative, and fragile and does not fit into the rational methods of modernism is present in cyberspace, which is the most pervasive form of technological events and, above all, reflects the nature of technology, in the form of pretense, two-tier, and network development. In the section related to human relationship with technology, it was discussed that human beings as creators and users of technology, when faced with a non-technological position, face challenges in the field of ethics, meaning-seeking, transcendence, type and extent. They face responsibility and understand the true relationship with their body and use all their material and spiritual resources to respond to them. Finally, in an ideological context that depicts man's confrontation with technology, cyberspace emerges as an expressive and broad form of technology; an atmosphere that clearly reflects the nature of technology and is a platform for the intersection of technology and society. Research findings show that the abundant entanglement of humans with technology indicates the dominance of the technical object. This dominance is so great that it serves the idea of ​​absolute interconnectedness of the world to more accurately describe the functional life of postmodern man, who has cybernetic imaginary structures and suffers from narcissistic hallucinations as a result of technicality, cyber-extremes and detachment from physical incarnation. Conclusion: The results indicate that the dominance of the technological object and its effects in cyberspace has led to a decrease in responsibility, conflict with the category of meaning, transcendence and moral encounters.   ===================================================================================== COPYRIGHTS  ©2019 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.  ====================================================================================