Study on Sedation with Local Analgesia in Calves

Abstract. The effect of sedatives and analgesics on heart rate, respiration rate and rectal temperature were observed. Heart rate and respiration rate significantly decreased during sedation with xylazine hydrochloride plus 2% lignocaine hydrochloride or 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride. A significantly decreased heart rate and respiration rate also found during sedation with diazepam plus 2% lignocaine hydrochloride or 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride. Two percent lignocaine hydrochloride showed short onset, rapid spreading and no side effect. Duration of analgesia was longer with 0.5 % bupivacaine hydrochloride (55.88±1.58 min in Group B and 48±11.25 min in Group D) compared to 2% lignocaine hydrochloride (39.60±5.77 min in Group A and 43.6±5.81 min in Group C). Xylazine hydrochloride showed short onset and long duration of sedation compared to diazepam. So for herniorraphy, xylazine hydrochloride can be used as a better sedative while 0.5 % bupivacaine hydrochloride can be used as a local analgesic for longer duration of action.Key Words: lignocaine hydrochloride, sedation, analgesiaNC Sarker et al/Animal Production 13(3):191-197 (2011

Study on Sedation with Local Analgesia in Calves

. The effect of sedatives and analgesics on heart rate, respiration rate and rectal temperature were observed. Heart rate and respiration rate significantly decreased during sedation with xylazine hydrochloride plus 2% lignocaine hydrochloride or 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride. A significantly decreased heart rate and respiration rate also found during sedation with diazepam plus 2% lignocaine hydrochloride or 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride. Two percent lignocaine hydrochloride showed short onset, rapid spreading and no side effect. Duration of analgesia was longer with 0.5 % bupivacaine hydrochloride (55.88±1.58 min in Group B and 48±11.25 min in Group D) compared to 2% lignocaine hydrochloride (39.60±5.77 min in Group A and 43.6±5.81 min in Group C). Xylazine hydrochloride showed short onset and long duration of sedation compared to diazepam. So for herniorraphy, xylazine hydrochloride can be used as a better sedative while 0.5 % bupivacaine hydrochloride can be used as a local analgesic for longer duration of action

Investigation of the Magnetic Response of a Nanocrystalline High-Frequency Magnetic Link With Multi-Input Excitations

© 2019 IEEE. With the technological advancement of magnetic materials and semiconductor devices, the use of high-frequency magnetic link made of high-saturation induction and low specific core loss nanocrystalline alloy has been gaining popularity to replace the common dc link or ac link specially in integrating multiple renewable sources to the grid. The magnetic integration of multiple renewable sources through a common magnetic link has a number of advantages including galvanic isolation compared with the common dc or ac link. However, the magnetic response of the common magnetic link under multi-input excitations highly affects the energy conversion efficiency. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the magnetic response of an advanced magnetic-material-based magnetic link under multi-input excitations has not been well investigated in the literature. In this paper, a systematic investigation is carried out to interconnect multiple sources through a common magnetic link. The magnetic response and the procedure used in the investigation are also presented and discussed in this paper

Effect of Temperature on Yield and Some Agronomic Characters of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes

Eight modern wheat varieties (viz., Sourav, Gourab, Shatabdi, Sufi, Bijoy, Prodip, BARI Gom-25 and BARI Gom-26) were evaluated to find out the suitable variety for optimum and late sown condition, to find out heat tolerant and heat sensitive variety and to find out the optimum sowing time for a specific variety. The experiment was conducted in the research farm of Wheat Research Center (25°38´ N, 88°41´ E and 38.20 m above sea level.), Bangladesh, under eight sowing times (viz., 8 Nov., 15 Nov., 22 Nov., 29 Nov., 6 Dec., 13 Dec., 20 Dec. and 27 Dec.). Results showed that wheat sown in November 22 to December 20 was significantly better compared to November 08, 15 and December 27, from the studied aspects of yield and yield components. Considering overall sowing performance of all genotypes Shatabdi is the best, followed by BARI Gom-26 (2nd), Sourav (3rd), Prodip (4th), Bijoy (5th), Gourab (6th), Sufi (7th) and BARI Gom-25 (least). In extremely heat stress (November 08 and December 27) condition Prodip was found to be heat sensitive genotype (yield reduction 41.18 and 28.92%), followed by BARI Gom-26 (yield reduction 41.15 and 22.73%). Both in too early and very late heat stress conditions, genotypes Sourav and BARI Gom-25 were found to be heat tolerant. In very early (November 08), variety Sourav (yield reduction 20.47%) is recommended, followed by BARI Gom-25 (yield reduction 27.91%) and in very late (December 27), Sufi is the best (yield reduction 8.60%), followed by Bijoy (yield reduction 11.05%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v1i1-2.13932 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 1 (1&2): 44-54, December, 201

Effect of Lime, Magnesium and Boron on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Their Residual Effects on Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)

The study was carried out during 2007-2008 season in the research field of Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Dinajpur to know the effect of lime, Magnesium (Mg) and Boron (B) on yield and yield components of wheat and also their residual effect on mungbean. The geographical position of the area is between 25°62´ N, 88°63´ E and 38.20 meter above sea level. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, both in wheat and mungbean. Treatments for wheat were (I) recommended fertilizer + Mg + B, (II) recommended fertilizer + lime + B + Mg, (III) recommended fertilizer + lime + Mg, (IV) recommended fertilizer + lime + B and (V) control (Only recommended fertilizer) and for mungbean were (I) recommended fertilizer + Mg + B, (II) 75% of recommended dose, (III) recommended fertilizer + B, (IV) recommended fertilizer + Mg and (V) control (without fertilizers). Results showed that the highest yield and yield components of wheat were recorded from recommended fertilizers + lime + B + Mg treated plot and the second highest were recorded from recommended fertilizers + lime + Mg treated plot. The lowest was recorded in control plot (only recommended fertilized). In case of mungbean the highest was found from recommended fertilizers + B treated plot, this treatment was limed in previously cultivated wheat crop and the lowest was recorded from control plot (without fertilizer). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v1i1-2.13923 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 1 (1&2): 9-15, December, 201

Apocynin prevented inflammation and oxidative stress in carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic dysfunction in rats

Background: Liver fibrosis is a leading pathway to cirrhosis and a global clinical issue. Oxidative stress mediated tissue damage is one of the prime causes of hepatic dysfunction and fibrosis. Apocynin is one of many strong antioxidants. Objective: To evaluate the effect of apocynin in the CCl4 administered hepatic dysfunction in rats. Methods: Female Long Evans rats were administered with CCl4 orally (1 mL/kg) twice a week for 2 weeks and were treated with apocynin (100 mg/kg). Both plasma and liver tissues were analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase activities. Oxidative stress parameters were also measured by determining malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), advanced protein oxidation product (APOP). In addition, antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in plasma and liver tissues were analyzed. Moreover, inflammation and tissue fibrosis were confirmed by histological staining of liver tissue sections. Results: Apocynin significantly reduced serum AST, ALT, and ALP activities in carbon tetrachloride treated rats. It also exhibited a considerable reduction of the oxidative stress markers (MDA, MPO, NO, and APOP level) which was elevated due to CCl4 administration in rats. Apocynin treatment also restored the catalase and superoxide dismutase activity in CCl4 treated rats. Histological analysis of liver sections revealed that apocynin prevented inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis in CCl4 administered rats. Conclusion: These results suggest that apocynin protects liver damage induced by CCl4 by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and stimulating the cellular antioxidant system

Drying Shrinkage of slag blended fly ash geopolymer concrete cured at room temperature

Recent studies have shown that blending of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) with low-calcium fly ash can have significant effects on the setting and early strength development of geopolymers cured at room temperature. This paper presents the shrinkage behaviour of geopolymer concrete mixtures in which class F fly ash was replaced with 10% or 20% GGBFS and the sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide (SS/SH) ratio was either 1.5 or 2.5. Shrinkage of 4 geopolymer and 1 ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete mixtures cured at room temperature were studied. Comparisons are made between the shrinkage behaviours of geopolymer concretes with different mixture proportions and those of the OPC concrete. It was found that shrinkage decreased with the increase of slag content and decrease of SS/SH ratio in geopolymer concrete cured at room temperature. The shrinkage of geopolymer concrete up to the age of 180 days was found to be comparable to that of OPC concrete of similar compressive strength. Thus, shrinkage of geopolymer concrete could be reduced to values within the limit recommended in the Australian Standards for normal OPC concrete

Haploid plantlet regeneration through anther culture in oilseed Brassica species

Anther of five varieties of Brassica species, namely BARI Shariaha-7, Tori-7, Agrani, Daulat and Safal were cultured in vitro to observe their regeneration potentiality. Different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators were supplemented in MS medium. The range of callus induction was 12.50- 87.50 %. Maximum callus induction (75.00%) was observed on MS +4 mg/L 2, 4-D + 1.0 mg/L BAP. Among the genotypes, BARI Sharisha-7 showed the highest percentage of callus induction (60.42%). Among the treatments, highest percentage of shoot regeneration (75.00%) was observed on MS + 4 mg/L BAP + 1.0 mg/L NAA. BARI Sharisha-7 also showed the highest rate of plant regeneration (66.67%). Root induction was highest (75%) on half strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/L NAA. The plantlets with sufficient roots thus obtained were transferred successfully to plastic pots and subsequently to the field. BARI Sharisha-7 and Tori-7 survived easily in the pots as well as in the field but Safal was very poor in survivability both in the pots and in the field

Prediction of anti-Alzheimer’s activity of flavonoids targeting acetylcholinesterase in silico

Introduction – Prenylated and pyrano-flavonoids of the genus Artocarpus J. R. Forster & G. Forster are well known for their acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitory, anticholinergic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Some of these compounds have also been shown to be effective against Alzheimer’s disease. Objective – The aim of the in silico study was to establish protocols to predict the most effective flavonoid from prenylated and pyrano-flavonoid classes for AchE inhibition linking to the potential treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Methodology – Three flavonoids isolated from Artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. were selected for the study. With these compounds, Lipinski filter, ADME/Tox screening, molecular docking and QSAR were performed in silico. In vitro activity was evaluated by bioactivity staining based on the Ellman’s method. Results – In the Lipinski filter and ADME/Tox screening, all test compounds produced positive results, but in the target fishing, only one flavonoid could successfully target AchE. Molecular docking was performed on this flavonoid, and this compound gained the score as -13.5762. From the QSAR analysis the IC50 was found to be 1659.59 nM. Again, 100 derivatives were generated from the parent compound and docking was performed. The derivative number 20 was the best scorer i.e., -31.6392 and IC50 was predicted as 6.025 nM. Conclusion – Results indicated that flavonoids could be efficient inhibitors of AchE and thus, could be useful in the management of Alzheimer’s disease