Hawking radiation from stationary black holes using gravitational anomaly

Among all the different techniques to derive the Hawking effect, the approach based on gravitational anomaly by Robinson and Wilczek provides a simple and satisfactory origin of the black hole radiation. In this picture, the effective near horizon physics becomes chiral and contains gravitational anomaly. Nevertheless, the underlying description must be generally covariant, and therefore we require a compensating energy-momentum flux whose divergence cancels the anomaly at the horizon. Remarkably, the energy flux associated with the Hawking emission from the horizon exactly cancels the gravitational anomaly and restores the general covariance at the quantum level. In this work, we present a generalization of the original derivation for a stationary axisymmetric black hole solution of any gravity theory which differs perturbatively from general relativity. The crucial input of the calculation is a remarkable simplification of the near horizon geometry and the validity of the zeroth law of black hole mechanics.Comment: 6 pages, no figure

Quantification of miRNAs and Their Networks in the light of Integral Value Transformations

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) which are on average only 21-25 nucleotides long are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in metazoans and plants. A proper quantitative understanding of miRNAs is required to comprehend their structures, functions, evolutions etc. In this paper, the nucleotide strings of miRNAs of three organisms namely Homo sapiens (hsa), Macaca mulatta (mml) and Pan troglodytes (ptr) have been quantified and classified based on some characterizing features. A network has been built up among the miRNAs for these three organisms through a class of discrete transformations namely Integral Value Transformations (IVTs), proposed by Sk. S. Hassan et al [1, 2]. Through this study we have been able to nullify or justify one given nucleotide string as a miRNA. This study will help us to recognize a given nucleotide string as a probable miRNA, without the requirement of any conventional biological experiment. This method can be amalgamated with the existing analysis pipelines, for small RNA sequencing data (designed for finding novel miRNA). This method would provide more confidence and would make the current analysis pipeline more efficient in predicting the probable candidates of miRNA for biological validation and filter out the improbable candidates

Multiple preemptive EDCA for emergency medium access control in distributed WLANs

The increasingly use of wireless local area networks (WLANs) in public safety and emergency network services demands for a strict quality of service (QoS) guarantee especially a large number of users report an emergency for immediate channel access. Unfortunately, the traditional IEEE 802.11e-based enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) does not support a strict QoS guarantee for life saving emergency traffic under high loads. Previous studies have attempted to enhance the performance of EDCA called the Channel Preemtive EDCA (CP-EDCA) which is a promising idea to support emergency traffic in WLANs. However, CP-EDCA supports a single emergency traffic only (i.e. no emergency service differentiation) with high delays for increased traffic loads. To overcome this problem, we propose a class of EDCA protocol called Multiple Preemption EDCA (MPEDCA) as a candidate to support multiple emergency traffics under high loads. Each MP-EDCA node can support up to four emergency traffics (life, health, property and environment) with different priorities in addition to support background (non-emergency) traffic. The proposed protocol privileged the high priority life-saving emergency traffic to preempt the services of low priority ones without much starvation in the network to maintain a strict QoS guarantee. The paper evaluates the performance of MPEDCA through an extensive analysis of simulation outcome. The results obtained show that MP-EDCA outperforms CP-EDCA in achieving lower medium access control and emergency node delays

Work-related stressors and coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study on reflections of frontline health care workers from India

Background: Frontline healthcare workers, a vital workforce in developing countries is often out of mainstream vision and their challenges and coping behaviors under stressful conditions remain unclear to stakeholders. This study was undertaken with the objective to explore the challenges faced by community surveillance workers and their coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study with constructivism paradigm was undertaken for a period of one year by conducting eight focus group discussions and eight in-depth interviews among the health workers undertaking COVID-19 surveillance selected purposively from eight wards within three Boroughs of a Municipal Corporation using interview guide. Thematic analysis was used to compare and contrast the codes to generate themes inductively under two constructs. Results: The first construct, factors influencing work related stress was categorized into four themes related to- work environment, community’s response towards pandemic surveillance, organizational support and personal factors. Main predisposing factors of work place stress were risk of self-infection, concern for family safety, inadequate training, shortage of manpower and protective equipment etc. While a strong commitment towards work, assistance from local community influencers, administrative appreciation and supportive supervision were protective factors against stress. Second construct on coping strategies was categorized into managing stress by problem-focused strategies like adapting with experience, gathering information and sharing experiences, adopting self-care practices; while emotion-based coping strategies included denial, venting out, or turning to religion etc. Conclusion: Community surveillance workers faced considerable and variable stress during pandemics due to various underlying work stressors, managed innovatively, using self-coping strategies

Tight upper bound of genuine four party Svetlichny type nonlocality with and without local filtering

Identifying the nonlocality of a multiparty quantum state is an important task in quantum mechanics. Seevinck and Svetlichny [Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 060401 (2002)], and independently, Collins and co-workers [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 170405 (2002)] have generalized the tripartite notion of Svetlichny nonlocality to n-parties. Here we have developed a tight upper bound for genuine four party Svetlichny type nonlocality. The constraints on the quantum states for the tightness of the bound are also presented. The method enables us to provide necessary and sufficient conditions for violating the four qubit Svetlichny type inequality for several quantum states. The relations between the genuine multipartite entanglement and the maximal quantum value of the Seevinck and Svetlichny operators for pure four qubit states are also discussed. Consequently, we have exhibited genuine four qubit hidden nonlocality under local filtering. Our result provides an effective and operational method for further study of multipartite quantum nonlocality.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, revtex, comments welcome. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:quant-ph/0602143, arXiv:1710.01601 by other author

Classes of Multiple Decision Functions Strongly Controlling FWER and FDR

This paper provides two general classes of multiple decision functions where each member of the first class strongly controls the family-wise error rate (FWER), while each member of the second class strongly controls the false discovery rate (FDR). These classes offer the possibility that an optimal multiple decision function with respect to a pre-specified criterion, such as the missed discovery rate (MDR), could be found within these classes. Such multiple decision functions can be utilized in multiple testing, specifically, but not limited to, the analysis of high-dimensional microarray data sets.Comment: 19 page

Septic Abortion Managed in a Tertiary Hospital in West Bengal

Background: Septic abortion is still a challenging problem and a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries.Aim: The present study was conducted to estimate incidence, causes, risk factors, associated microorganisms, and treatment modalities of cases of septic abortion managed in a tertiary health care in West Bengal.Subjects and Methods: It was a cross‑sectional study carried out in Burdwan Medical College and Hospital in West Bengal between July 2011 and June 2012. On admission a thorough history was taken, examination was done, and investigations were carried. Depending on the examination findings the cases were grouped into three grades‑grade I: The infection localized in the uterus; grade II: The infection spread beyond the uterus to the parametrium, tubes, and ovaries or pelvic peritoneum; grade III: Generalized peritonitis and/or endotoxic shock or jaundice or acute renal failure. Statistical analysis was done by using Epi Info™ software (Version 3.5.1, CDC) after proper arrangement of all the data in tabular form and presented as simple percentage.Results: During the period, 1297 cases of abortion were admitted among which 107 were septic abortions, thus giving the incidence of the latter as 8.2% (107/1297). Forty‑three percent cases of septic abortion (46/107) were in grade I, 21.5% (23/107) in grade II, and 35.5% (38/107) in grade III. The modal age group of the patients was 15‑25 years (49.5%). Majority of the subjects were married (77.6%; 83/107) and multiparous (60.7%; 65/107). Similarly, most of them (71%; 76/107) were from low socioeconomic class. Ninety percent of the patients (96/107) had induced abortion. The common clinical features at presentation were pallor (88.8%; 95/107) and fever (86.0%; 92/107). Escherichia coli (62.6%; 67/107) and Klebsiella pneumonia (32.75%; 35/107) were the most common organism isolated. The case fatality from septic abortion in this study was 13.1% and the condition accounted for 15.4% of total maternal mortality within the period reviewed.Conclusion: The incidence of septic abortion in this study is relatively high, and majority of the cases resulted from attempted termination of pregnancy. It is a significant contributor to maternal mortality. Promotion of family planning and legalization of abortion services will go a long way in reducing the incidence of septic abortion and itsassociated complications. Keywords: Asia, management, maternal mortality, outcome, septic abortio

Instruments of RT-2 Experiment onboard CORONAS-PHOTON and their test and evaluation III: Coded Aperture Mask and Fresnel Zone Plates in RT-2/CZT Payload

Imaging in hard X-rays of any astrophysical source with high angular resolution is a challenging job. Shadow-casting technique is one of the most viable options for imaging in hard X-rays. We have used two different types of shadow-casters, namely, Coded Aperture Mask (CAM) and Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) pair and two types of pixellated solid-state detectors, namely, CZT and CMOS in RT-2/CZT payload, the hard X-ray imaging instrument onboard the CORONAS-PHOTON satellite. In this paper, we present the results of simulations with different combinations of coders (CAM & FZP) and detectors that are employed in the RT-2/CZT payload. We discuss the possibility of detecting transient Solar flares with good angular resolution for various combinations. Simulated results are compared with laboratory experiments to verify the consistency of the designed configuration.Comment: 27 pages, 16 figures, Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy (in press