An Efficient Hidden Markov Model for Offline Handwritten Numeral Recognition

Traditionally, the performance of ocr algorithms and systems is based on the recognition of isolated characters. When a system classifies an individual character, its output is typically a character label or a reject marker that corresponds to an unrecognized character. By comparing output labels with the correct labels, the number of correct recognition, substitution errors misrecognized characters, and rejects unrecognized characters are determined. Nowadays, although recognition of printed isolated characters is performed with high accuracy, recognition of handwritten characters still remains an open problem in the research arena. The ability to identify machine printed characters in an automated or a semi automated manner has obvious applications in numerous fields. Since creating an algorithm with a one hundred percent correct recognition rate is quite probably impossible in our world of noise and different font styles, it is important to design character recognition algorithms with these failures in mind so that when mistakes are inevitably made, they will at least be understandable and predictable to the person working with theComment: 6pages, 5 figure

Chromium Removal from Aqueous Medium Using Modified Sawdust

One of the serious environmental issues is the presence of toxic heavy metals contaminants in water bodies because of discharge of untreated heavy metals due to urbanization, combustion byproducts, automobile emissions, mining activities.Chromium is widely used in many industries and usually present in high concentration in the aqueous medium. This study involved the investigation of the adsorption of hexavalent form of the heavy metal (Cr) by modified teakwood sawdust. The study demonstrated that the teak wood sawdust has a moderate potential to remove hexavalent chromium.The equilibrium data of adsorption very well fitted into the models and the maximum loading capacity was obtained from adsorption isotherms by applying the Langmuir model. Keywords: Hexavalent chromium, sawdust, adsorbent,aqueous solution,batch adsorption experiments

Influence of AM fungi and its associated bacteria on growth promotion and nutrient acquisition in grafted sapota seedling production

A study was undertaken to know the effect of co-inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and its associated bacteria on enhancing AM root colonization, growth promotion and nutrient acquisition in grafted sapota plants. The best mycorrhiza associated bacteria i.e. Pseudomonas putida (HM590707) isolated from Funneliformis mosseae spore was evaluated along with AM fungi for growth promotion and AM fungal colonization in grafted sapota plants. The combined application of P. putida along with AM fungi significantly increased plant height (39.67 %), stem girth (3.2 cm), total biomass (66.8 g plant-1), AM root colonization (73.4 %)and plant nutrient concentrations viz., N (2.52 %), P (0.18 %), K (2.90 %), Fe (428.4 ppm) and Zn (21.40 ppm) as compared to uninoculated control. This finding clearly demonstrated that grafted sapota plants can be successfully established by combined inoculation of AM fungi and its associated bacteria which have a greater impact on healthy grafted plants

MHD Boundary Layer Slip Flow over a Flat Plate with Soret and Dufour Effects

The present paper studies the effects of Soret and Dufour on MHD boundary layer slip flow over a flat plate. The governing partial differential equations are converted to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformations. Then, these equations are solved numerically by implicit Finite Difference Scheme. The numerical solutions for Velocity, Temperature and Concentration profiles for the related essential physical parameters are visualized through graphs and discussed. Results show that the velocity rises whereas the temperature and concentration reduces with the respective slip parameters. The increase in Soret number or decrease in Dufour number reduces the temperature and enhances the concentration of the fluid

Ground Water Analysis for Physical and Chemical Parameters in Chromepet Area

The project wa scarried out in and around Chromepet area,Chennaiwhich covers parts of MGR Nagar,Eashwari Nagar,Gokulam colony toPammal includingLeatherIndustries surrounding Tirupananthal Lake.The area serve sas a hometown for various small and large scale tanning industries along with housing areas,educational institutions and lakes. Tanning of leather mainly Chrome tanning is popularly practiced here, so the place is called ‘Chrome`pet.’It is situated in the outskirts of Chennai city,TamilNadu.The location taken for study is 13km away from the Bay of Bengal. About 25 samples were collected and the physico-Chemical parameters including copper and chromium of ground water samples has been analysed. Thus this study is aimed to indicate the impact of effluent from tanning industries on the deterioration of ground water quality in this area. Keywords: Physico-Chemical characteristics, Chromepet, Chromium, Copper, drinkingwater.

A VALIDATED SECOND DERIVATIVE VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC PROCEDURE FOR THE ASSAY OF CIPROFLOXACIN IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS USING FE (III) IN BUFFER MEDIA

Abstract: Fe(III) and ciprofloxacin form a yellow colored complex at pH 2.5. The second derivative spectrum of the complex shows a maximum at 510 nm and a valley at 445 nm and zero point at 478 nm. The derivative amplitude of the complex at 445 nm is proportional to the amount of ciprofloxacin. A plot between the amount of ciprofloxacin and the derivative amplitude at 445 nm is linear which obeys the equation A 445 = 0.0086 C + 0.0003. The linear plot shows that Beer's law is obeyed in the range 1.0-50.0 µg/ml of ciprofloxacin. The standard deviation of the method for ten determinations of 10 µg/ml of ciprofloxacin is 0.0046. The correlation coefficient () is 0.9999. The effect of excipients that are generally associated with ciprofloxacin in pharmaceutical dosage forms is investigated. The proposed visible second derivative spectrophotomeric method was validated as per ICH specifications. The validation parameters such as, linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ and robustness were investigated. The method is simple, rapid, precise, selective and accurate. The present method is applied for the determination of ciprofloxacin in pharmaceutical dosage forms

KC Two-Way Clustering Algorithms For Multi-Child Semantic Maps In Image Mining

Image mining is now a thriving and expanding field of computer science research. Image mining is linked to the advancement of data mining in image preparation. Image mining is used to extract hidden information and in other situations where the photos do not clearly describe the situation. Image mining combines machine learning, data handling, application autonomy, and image preparation concepts. Semantic maps are used to visualize image data stored in image databases. We recommend using Multi-Child Semantic Maps to build semantic maps which fully display the image. In this study, we propose two path clustering on Multi-Child Semantic Maps (MCSM) using the K-C Means Clustering Algorithm, also known as the MCSMK-C algorithm. This algorithm causes image clustering and instructs the mining system to look at the image's top area. When mining, the MCSMK-C algorithm considers the X and Y coordinates. The system looks for groups by examining each object's territory in the database, and it saves a region if it contains more objects than the required number

AUTOMATIC TUNING THE EXPIRY TIME BASED ON ACCURACY AT LBS

Location-based services (LBS) empower portable clients to question purposes of-interest (e.g., eateries, bistros) on different elements (e.g., value, quality, and assortment). What's more, clients require exact inquiry results with a la mode travel times. Without the observing foundation for street activity, the LBS may get live travel times of courses from online course APIs keeping in mind the end goal to offer exact results. Our objective is to decrease the quantity of solicitations issued by the LBS essentially while saving precise inquiry results. To start with, we propose to misuse late courses asked for from course APIs to answer inquiries precisely. At that point, we outline viable lower/upper bounding methods and requesting strategies to process questions effectively. Additionally, we consider parallel course demands to facilitate lessen the question reaction time. Our exploratory assessment demonstrates that our answer is three times more effective than a contender, but then accomplishes high result accuracy (above 98 percent).

Biosand Filter for Removal of Chemical Contaminants From Water

Numerous reports by the United Nations and the World Health Organization have indicated a significant worldwide problem with water pollution and inaccessibility to potable drinking water. Due to technological and economical barriers, the problem with water pollution is particularly more serious for under-developed and developing countries. The present study is aimed at designing, constructing and evaluating a cost-effective biosand filter was undertaken. Results indicated the removal of up to 80% total hardness, 86% chlorides, 96% turbidity and 90% colour. Moreover, the filter's performance was appraised by the absence of E. coli in the filtered sample. The filter describes the proven bioremediation technology and its ability to empower at-risk populations to use naturally occurring biology and readily available materials as a sustainable way to achieve the health benefits of safe drinking water