Successful anesthetic management of patient with stiff person syndrome

We herein describe the successful anesthetic management of a patient with stiff person syndrome undergoing right total hip replacement under spinal anesthesia. We also describe the problems associated with general anesthesia. The advantage of using regional anesthesia in these patients is the avoidance of muscle relaxants. The use of general anesthesia carries the risk of hypotonia in stiff person syndrome postoperatively due to enhancement of γ aminobutyric acid (GABA) action on synaptic transmission by drugs that have a γ GABA agonistic action

Antagonistic Potential of N-acyl-homoserine Lactone Degrading Bacillus Species for Controlling Pectobacterium Based Infections in Potato

Interference with quorum sensing (QS) naturally through quorum quenching is an established bio-control approach. In the present study, quorum quenching strategy was employed against Pectobacterium atrosepticum causing blackleg disease of potato. N-acyl-homoserine lactone (NAHL) degrading bacteria were isolated from potato rhizosphere using serial dilutions on different growth mediums and their ability to degrade NAHLs was evaluated using Chromobacterium violaceum (CV026) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens (NTLR-4) biosensor strains. Six rhizospheric isolates, capable of degrading NAHLs extracted from Pectobacterium atrosepticum were molecularly identified as belonging to genus, Bacillus. NAHL degradation ability of all these 6 Bacillus strains was also assessed using plate streak and thin layer chromatography assays. Resultantly, these strains remarkably degraded both short and long chain synthetic NAHLs. Furthermore, these Bacillus species also acted as potential bio-control agents when co-inoculated under quorum quenching tuber assay and have shown effective results in reducing QSregulated soft rot tuber maceration in potatoes. Overall, all six Bacillus strains showed substantial capability in controlling Pectobacterium based infections through quenching of the NAHL signals; however, Bacillus cereus SSB1 was determined as the most efficient quencher strain. This work highlights a promising strategy for the bio-control and prevention of infectious plant diseases through quenching of the QS signals

Pectobacterium punjabense sp nov., isolated from blackleg symptoms of potato plants in Pakistan

International audiencePectobacterium isolates SS95(T), SS54 and SS56 were collected from a potato field in the Chiniot district in the plains of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Sequencing of the gapA barcode revealed that these strains belong to a novel phylogenetic group separated from P. ectobacterium wasabiae and Pectobacterium parmentieri species. Furthermore, multilocus sequence analyses of 13 housekeeping genes (fusA, rpoD, acnA, purA, gyrB, recA, mdh, mtlD, groEL, secY, glyA, gapA and rplB) clearly distinguished the type strain, SS95(T), from its closest relatives, i.e.P. parmentieri RNS 08-42-1A(T) and P. wasabiae CFBP3304(T), as well as from all the other known Pectobacterium species. In silico DNA-DNA hybridization (\textless44.1 %) and average nucleotide identity (\textless90.75 %) values of strain SS95(T) compared with other Pectobacterium type strains supported the delineation of a new species. Genomic and phenotypic comparisons permitted the identification of additional traits that distinguished the Pakistani isolates from all other known Pectobacterium type strains. The name Pectobacterium punjabense sp. nov. is proposed for this taxon with the type strain SS95(T) (=CFBP 8604(T) =LMG 30622(T))

Diversity of Pectobacteriaceae Species in Potato Growing Regions in Northern Morocco

Number: 6 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteInternational audienceDickeya and Pectobacterium pathogens are causative agents of several diseases that affect many crops worldwide. This work investigated the species diversity of these pathogens in Morocco, where Dickeya pathogens have only been isolated from potato fields recently. To this end, samplings were conducted in three major potato growing areas over a three-year period (2015–2017). Pathogens were characterized by sequence determination of both the gapA gene marker and genomes using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore technologies. We isolated 119 pathogens belonging to P. versatile (19%), P. carotovorum (3%), P. polaris (5%), P. brasiliense (56%) and D. dianthicola (17%). Their taxonomic assignation was confirmed by draft genome analyses of 10 representative strains of the collected species. D. dianthicola were isolated from a unique area where a wide species diversity of pectinolytic pathogens was observed. In tuber rotting assays, D. dianthicola isolates were more aggressive than Pectobacterium isolates. The complete genome sequence of D. dianthicola LAR.16.03.LID was obtained and compared with other D. dianthicola genomes from public databases. Overall, this study highlighted the ecological context from which some Dickeya and Pectobacterium species emerged in Morocco, and reported the first complete genome of a D. dianthicola strain isolated in Morocco that will be suitable for further epidemiological studies

Multiclass Non-Randomized Spectral–Spatial Active Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Active Learning (AL) for Hyperspectral Image Classification (HSIC) has been extensively studied. However, the traditional AL methods do not consider randomness among the existing and new samples. Secondly, very limited AL research has been carried out on joint spectral–spatial information. Thirdly, a minor but still worth mentioning factor is the stopping criteria. Therefore, this study caters to all these issues using a spatial prior Fuzziness concept coupled with Multinomial Logistic Regression via a Splitting and Augmented Lagrangian (MLR-LORSAL) classifier with dual stopping criteria. This work further compares several sample selection methods with the diverse nature of classifiers i.e., probabilistic and non-probabilistic. The sample selection methods include Breaking Ties (BT), Mutual Information (MI) and Modified Breaking Ties (MBT). The comparative classifiers include Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) and Ensemble Learning (EL). The experimental results on three benchmark hyperspectral datasets reveal that the proposed pipeline significantly increases the classification accuracy and generalization performance. To further validate the performance, several statistical tests are also considered such as Precision, Recall and F1-Score

Species Diversity of Dickeya and Pectobacterium Causing Potato Blackleg Disease in Pakistan

Potato blackleg is caused by a diverse species of pectinolytic bacteria. In Pakistan, approximately 90% of the pathogens involved belong to Pectobacterium atrosepticum. Survey (2014 to 2017), sampling, and isolation from different potato growing areas of Punjab, Pakistan depicted an overall disease incidence of approximately 15%. Thirty-six pectinolytic strains confirmed through biochemical and pathogenicity testing were characterized via gapA gene to identify them at the species level. To further validate the identification, one strain from each species SS26 (P. atrosepticum), SS28 (Pectobacterium polaris), SS70 (Dickeya dianthicola), SS90 (Pectobacterium parmentieri), SS95 (Pectobacterium punjabense), and SS96 (Pectobacterium versatile) were selected for draft genome sequencing and multilocus sequence analysis of 13 housekeeping genes (fusA, rpoD, acnA, purA, gyrB, recA, mdh, mtlD, groEL, secY, glyA, gapA, and rplB). Phylogenetic analysis revealed considerable genetic diversity in the genus Pectobacterium. In silico DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values of the strains selected for genome sequencing were determined with other reference Pectobacterium and Dickeya strains. Moreover, all six representative strains were also phenotypically characterized on the basis of metabolism of different carbon sources. Overall, on the basis of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, these 36 isolates were grouped into six species: P. atrosepticum, P. versatile, P. parmentieri, P. polaris, P. punjabense, and D. dianthicola

Pectobacterium brasiliense: Genomics, Host Range and Disease Management

Number: 1 Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstitutePectobacterium brasiliense (Pbr) is considered as one of the most virulent species among the Pectobacteriaceae. This species has a broad host range within horticulture crops and is well distributed elsewhere. It has been found to be pathogenic not only in the field causing blackleg and soft rot of potato, but it is also transmitted via storage causing soft rot of other vegetables. Genomic analysis and other cost-effective molecular detection methods such as a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) are essential to investigate the ecology and pathogenesis of the Pbr. The lack of fast, field deployable point-of-care testing (POCT) methods, specific control strategies and current limited genomic knowledge make management of this species difficult. Thus far, no comprehensive review exists about Pbr, however there is an intense need to research the biology, detection, pathogenicity and management of Pbr, not only because of its fast distribution across Europe and other countries but also due to its increased survival to various climatic conditions. This review outlines the information available in peer-reviewed literature regarding host range, detection methods, genomics, geographical distribution, nomenclature and taxonomical evolution along with some of the possible management and control strategies. In summary, the conclusions and a further directions highlight the management of this species

Complete Genome Sequence of the Type Strain Pectobacterium punjabense SS95, Isolated from a Potato Plant with Blackleg Symptoms.

Pectobacterium punjabense is a newly described species causing blackleg disease in potato plants. Therefore, by the combination of long (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, MinION) and short (Illumina MiSeq) reads, we sequenced the complete genome of P. punjabense SS95T, which contains a circular chromosome of 4.793 Mb with a GC content of 50.7%

Complete Genome Sequence of the Type Strain Pectobacterium punjabense SS95, Isolated from a Potato Plant with Blackleg Symptoms

Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Section: Genome SequencesInternational audiencePectobacterium punjabense is a newly described species causing blackleg disease in potato plants. Therefore, by the combination of long (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, MinION) and short (Illumina MiSeq) reads, we sequenced the complete genome of P. punjabense SS95T, which contains a circular chromosome of 4.793 Mb with a GC content of 50.7%