Pesquisa do vírus da diarréia viral bovina em bovinos jovens

In this research we analyzed the presence of Bovine viral diarrhea virus in young bovines. We performed a serological study and viral isolament in 220 bovines from different counties. The serum-neutralization assay detected 123 (56%) positive bovines to BVDV and showed that 82% of the samples had SNT up to 512 and 18 %, more than 512. It was collected the buffy coats from these bovines to performed the viral isolament in culture cells and the presence of the virus was confirmed in four healthy bovines and one calves with respiratory symptoms. The five viral isolaments are non-citophatic strains.Nesta pesquisa analisamos a presença do vírus da Diarréia viral bovina em bovinos jovens através de um estudo sorológico e isolamento viral. A técnica de seroneutralização detectou de um total de 220 bovinos, 123 (56%) animais sorologicamente positivos. A distribuição dos títulos de anticorpos soroneutralizantes(TSN), mostrou que 82% das amostras apresentaram TSN de até 512, enquanto que 18% apresentaram TSN maiores que 512. O isolamento viral a partir da fração leucocitaria desses bovinos, confirmou a presença do vírus em quatro bovinos aparentemente saudáveis e de um bezerro com sintomatologia respiratória. Os cinco isolados virais não apresentaram efeito citopático nos cultivos celulares

Isolamento e identificação do vírus da Artrite encefalite caprina, a partir do co-cultivo de células mononucleares do sangue com células de membrana sinovial de cabra

Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is responsive of a progressive, debilitating disease in goats having in vivo tropism for monocyte/macrophage cell lineage. These cells are present in colostrum, milk or blood. Studies demonstrate that the viral replication is activated only following differentiation of monocyte to macrophage, which increase the sensibility of viral detection. In our study it was performed the doublenested PCR technique and co-cultivation of monocyte/macrophage with membrane goat sinovial cells to detect the virus in blood, source of viral transmission. Through these methods, it was detected DNA proviral in seronegative goats, confirming that the time among infection and appearance of antibodies is variable facilitating the permanence of false-negative goats. It was observed divergences in the results between serology and PCR techniques, disagreement that is argued above in the work. The co-cultivation of monocyte/macrophage with membrane goat sinovial cells was successful; it was obtained four viral isolament, one of them from seronegative goats. In conclusion, our studies, for the first time isolate the virus circulating in our flocks, implementing an high specificity double-nested PCR technique to identify early viral infection in goats.O vírus da Artrite encefalite caprina é o agente causal de uma doença progressiva e debilitante em caprinos, em que as células da linhagem monócito/macrófago são as principais hospedeiras do vírus in vivo. Essas células estão presentes no colostro, no leite ou no sangue. Estudos demonstram que a replicação viral é dependente do nível de maturação ou diferenciação da célula monocítica, influenciando na sensibilidade de detecção do vírus. Neste estudo, utilizamos o cocultivo de monócitos/macrófagos com células de membrana sinovial de cabras, para o isolamento do vírus circulante no campo; a técnica de double nested PCR (dn PCR) dos co-cultivos e sangue, viabilizou a confirmação do isolamento viral, e a detecção direta do vírus no sangue. Através dessa técnica, detectou-se a presença do DNA proviral em animais soronegativos por Imunodifusão em Gel de Agarose (IDGA); esses achados confirmam que o tempo entre o inicio da infecção e o aparecimento de anticorpos no sangue é variável, facilitando a permanência de animais falsos-negativos no rebanho. Nas amostras processadas, tivemos uma divergência de resultados entre amostras sorologicamente positivas, entretanto, negativas por dn PCR, quando se utilizou a amplificação direta do sangue. Quanto ao cultivo de monócitos/ macrófagos in vitro e posterior co-cultivo com células de MSC obteve-se êxito pelo isolamento do vírus em quatro animais, havendo sido um deles soronegativo. O presente estudo demonstra o primeiro isolamento do vírus nos rebanhos do estado da Bahia, além da implementação da técnica de dn PCR, em co-cultivo de células

Seroprevalence of Chikungunya virus and living conditions in Feira de Santana, Bahia-Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Chikungunya is an arbovirus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, which emerged in the Americas in 2013 and spread rapidly to almost every country on this continent. In Brazil, where the first cases were detected in 2014, it currently has reached all regions of this country and more than 900,000 cases were reported. The clinical spectrum of chikungunya ranges from an acute self-limiting form to disabling chronic forms. The purpose of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of chikungunya infection in a large Brazilian city and investigate the association between viral circulation and living condition. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a population-based ecological study in selected Sentinel Areas (SA) through household interviews and a serologic survey in 2016/2017. The sample was of 1,981 individuals randomly selected. The CHIKV seroprevalence was 22.1% (17.1 IgG, 2.3 IgM, and 1.4 IgG and IgM) and varied between SA from 2.0% to 70.5%. The seroprevalence was significantly lower in SA with high living conditions compared to SA with low living condition. There was a positive association between CHIKV seroprevalence and population density (r = 0.2389; p = 0.02033). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The seroprevalence in this city was 2.6 times lower than the 57% observed in a study conducted in the epicentre of the CHIKV epidemic of this same urban centre. So, the herd immunity in this general population, after four years of circulation of this agent is relatively low. It indicates that CHIKV transmission may persist in that city, either in endemic form or in the form of a new epidemic, because the vector infestation is persistent. Besides, the significantly lower seroprevalences in SA of higher Living Condition suggest that beyond the surveillance of the disease, vector control and specific actions of basic sanitation, the reduction of the incidence of this infection also depends on the improvement of the general living conditions of the population

Pesquisa do vírus da diarréia viral bovina em bovinos jovens

Nesta pesquisa analisamos a presença do vírus da Diarréia viral bovina em bovinos jovens através de um estudo sorológico e isolamento viral. A técnica de seroneutralização detectou de um total de 220 bovinos, 123 (56%) animais sorologicamente positivos. A distribuição dos títulos de anticorpos soroneutralizantes(TSN), mostrou que 82% das amostras apresentaram TSN de até 512, enquanto que 18% apresentaram TSN maiores que 512. O isolamento viral a partir da fração leucocitaria desses bovinos, confirmou a presença do vírus em quatro bovinos aparentemente saudáveis e de um bezerro com sintomatologia respiratória. Os cinco isolados virais não apresentaram efeito citopático nos cultivos celulares

Predominance of Rotavirus Genotype G9 during the 1999, 2000, and 2002 Seasons among Hospitalized Children in the City of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil: Implications for Future Vaccine Strategies

Two hundred eight of 648 (32%) diarrheal stool samples collected from hospitalized children under 5 years of age during a 3-year period (1999, 2000, and 2002) in the city of Salvador, in the state of Bahia, Brazil, were rotavirus positive. One hundred sixty-four of 208 (78.8%) rotavirus-positive samples had genotype G9 specificity, predominantly in association with P[8]. Other specificities detected were G1 (12.0%) and G4 (1.4%). Viruses with G2, G3, or P[4] specificity were not detected. Rotavirus genotype G9 predominated during each of the three seasons studied; it represented 89.2% of rotavirus strains detected in 1999, 85.3% in 2000, and 74.5% in 2002. G1 viruses (the globally most common G type) have a unique epidemiological characteristic of maintaining predominance during multiple consecutive rotavirus seasons. We have shown in this study for the first time that the G9 viruses also have a similar epidemiological characteristic, albeit for a shorter period of surveillance. The next generation of rotavirus vaccines will need to provide adequate protection against disease caused by G9 viruses

OCORRÊNCIA DE LENTIVÍRUS DE PEQUENOS RUMINANTES NO SEMIÁRIDO BAIANO E PERFIL DA CAPRINO/OVINOCULTURA NA REGIÃO

The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of Small Ruminants Lentiviruses (SRLV: Caprine arthrite encephalitis virus, CAEV, and Maedi-Visna, MVV) and characterize the social/economical profile of the farms in the semi-arid region of Portal do Sertão, Sisal e Bacia do Jacuípe, in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Sera from goats (n= 1046) and sheep (704) were collected to detect antibodies against CAEV and MVV by Agar Immunodifusion (AGID) and ELISA and Western Blot for CAEV. A questionnaire was applied to each farm where sera were collected in order to define the social/economical profile. The results obtained by AGID showed no positive goats and sheep for infection by CAEV or MVV, respectively, but 5/755 sera were positive for CAEV by ELISA and confirmed by Western blot. The questionnaire analysis showed a low technical profile in the smallholders, under familiar management, whose flocks were raised in an extensive system destined to self-consumption or local trading. In conclusion, this work demonstrated a low incidence of SRLV, and that the production in the farms of the semi-arid region is based mainly in goat and sheep herds without specific breed, destined for for self-consumption or local commercialization

Neonatal encephalitis due to Chikungunya vertical transmission: First report in Brazil

Purpose: To report the first case of Chikungunya encephalitis acquired in the perinatal period during the current outbreak in Brazil Methods: Case report. Results: A male neonate with 3500 g developed macular erythematous rash, hypoactivity and fever progressing to generalized seizures. His mother had experienced a disseminated rash and fever before delivery. EEG showed diffuse slowing and cranial NMR was suggestive of encephalitis. Rt-PCR for Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was positive in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, urine and saliva. The newborn was discharged home with neurological improvement. Conclusion: We report the first case of a perinatal CHIKV infection associated with a rapidly evolving encephalitis and an extensive dissemination of the virus as documented by positive rt-PCR results in CSF, blood, urine and saliva in the present outbreak in Brazil. In countries experiencing outbreaks of CHIKV infections, clinicians and neonatologists must be familiar with the possibility of the occurrence of neurologic complications and its possible consequences

Prolonged shedding of Chikungunya virus in semen and urine: A new perspective for diagnosis and implications for transmission

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-11-30T16:33:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bandeira AC Prolonged...pdf: 236536 bytes, checksum: 968112cc74cfdb8731a63d6c67ec40c3 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-11-30T16:44:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Bandeira AC Prolonged...pdf: 236536 bytes, checksum: 968112cc74cfdb8731a63d6c67ec40c3 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-30T16:44:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bandeira AC Prolonged...pdf: 236536 bytes, checksum: 968112cc74cfdb8731a63d6c67ec40c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Ministry of Education – Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) – ZIKA FASTRACK NUMBER 88887–116628/2016.Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciencias Medical School. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia. Virology Laboratory. Salvador, BA, BrazilHospital Geral Roberto Santos. Infection Control Committee. Salvador, BA, BrazilFundação Gonçalo Moniz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilSão Rafael Hospital. Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy. Salvador, BA, BrazilFederal University of Bahia. Biotechnology Campus. Salvador, BA, BrazilFederal University of Bahia. Pharmacy College. Salvador, BA, BrazilFederal University of Bahia. Pharmacy College. Salvador, BA, BrazilFederal University of Bahia. Virology Laboratory. Salvador, BA, BrazilWe report the presence of Chikungunya (CHIKV) RNA in the blood, urine and semen during the acute phase of the disease in an adult with a dual infection with Dengue virus type 3. The patient, a 25 yr-old man from Salvador, Brazil, reported a 6-day duration of high fever, arthralgia, myalgia, headache and photophobia.Blood and semen specimens were positive for CHIKV in the first collected samples; semen and urine specimens were positive for CHIKV after 30 days of symptoms onset. DENV-3 RNA was positive in blood specimen when first collected 6 days after the initiation of symptoms.We describe for the first time the presence of CHIKV RNA in urine and semen for an extended period of time and we address the possible implications of these findings for diagnosis and transmission dynamics