Pengembangan Game Content Model Untuk Game-Based Learning Pemahaman Berlalu-Lintas

This paper describes the application of the Game Content Model (GCM) in Role Playing Games (RPG) for the understanding of the traffic using a quest-driven learning. One key GCM models, namely the Game Object with intelligence component was applied using dynamic pathfinding capabilities of artificial intelligence in non playable character (NPC). NPC used the A * algorithm as the basis of the nearest search capability to the target.Index Terms—Game,GCM,RPG,A* Algorith

Performance of sustainable alkali activated mortars containing solid waste ceramic powder

As the cement industry contributed to increasing the global carbon dioxide emissions, researchers looked for other sustainable alternatives. Among them, one of the alternatives is alkali activated mortar containing no cement at all. Alkali-activated mortar is manufactured using industrial and agricultural wastes like ceramics, palm-oil fuel ash (POFA), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), fly ash (FA), metakaolin (MK), etc. Compared with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), alkali-activated is considered as a highly environmental product based mortar. The alkali activated mortar feasibility production using ceramic waste binder was evaluated in this study. The effect of replacing GBFS binder by ceramic powder (by varying percentage) upon its fresh-state properties, like workability, setting time, density and hardened properties such as compressive, tensile and flexural strengths of alkali-activated mortar was concurrently examined. The impact of curing regime on strength development of ceramic-GBFS based alkali activated was evaluated as well. Results revealed that with increased ceramic to GBFS content, the workability and setting time of mortar improved whereas the density decreased. On the other hand, when ceramic was replaced by up to 50 % of GBFS, it showed higher strengths as compared to OPC mortar. It is concluded that alkali activated mortar incorporating 100 percent wastes could be used in the construction industry with the almost negligible amount of environmental problems

Effect of binder to fine aggregate content on performance of sustainable alkali activated mortars incorporating solid waste materials

This article investigated the effects of binder to aggregate ratio on the properties of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) alkali activated mortar incorporated with fly ash (FA), waste ceramic (CP) and bottle glass wastes (GP). Five types of alkali-activated mortars were prepared with a different binder to fine aggregate ratio (B:A) 0.30, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5. Sodium hydroxide (NH) with 6 molar concentrations added to sodium silicate (NS) and used as alkali activator solution, alkaline liquid to binder ratio (S:B) was kept 0.25 for all mixtures. Alkali-activated samples cured at ambient temperature (27 °C) and relative humidity (75 %). The results indicated that 1.0 (B:A) ratio was achieved the optimum results flow and bending stress, increasing binder to fine aggregate content effect negatively on workability and strength properties of alkali-activated mortars. The results also presented the porosity of alkali-activated samples has been influenced by increase binder content to fine aggregate from 1.0 to 2.5

Role of crumb tyre aggregates in rubberised concrete contained granulated blast-furnace slag

Wise management of waste materials can be quite intensive in terms of ecological friendliness and human safety. Proper recycling of industrial wastes can lead to immense practical benefits. This paper determines the feasibility of improving the properties of concrete by incorporating waste tyre aggregates (TAs) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) at varied percentages. Construction applications of rubberised concrete (RC) is limited due to presence of weak bonds between the cement paste and rubber lumps. The size and hardness of the rubber aggregates in RC make its compressive strength lower compared to traditional one. To overcome such shortcomings, GGBFS was included. Furthermore, crumb TAs of two different size distributions (fine lumps of size range 1 to 4 mm and coarse piles of sizes within 5 to 8 mm) at varied levels (5, 10, 20 and 30% of volume) were used to replace GGBFS addition to concrete. Three groups of concrete specimens were prepared, first group using TAs (size 1 to 4 mm) as partially replaced fine aggregates, second group using TAs (size 5 to 8 mm) as partly replaced coarse aggregates and the last group partially replaced both TAs. Next, GGBFS of 20% as partial replacement of cement was admixed to all groups and compared with the control mix. Workability and mechanical properties of the designed mixes were evaluated in terms of slump and compacting factor, compressive, flexural and tensile strengths, and modulus of elasticity. Specimens containing GGBFS revealed improved mechanical behaviour. Meanwhile, the compressive strength of OPC specimen (after 3 months of curing) was 37.17 MPa. Moreover, specimen mixed with 5% of TA as replacement of coarse aggregates and 20% of GGBFS was almost 6% higher than the OPC specimens (39.54 MPa). It was concluded that recycled TAs as waste material could potentially be combined with GGBFS to attain high strength RC, constituting a novel strategy with immeasurable environmental, technological and economic benefits

Resistant starch evaluation and in vitro fermentation of lemantak (native sago starch), for prebiotic assessment

Resistant starch is the non-digestible portion of starch that reaches the colon and act as a prebiotic to stimulate the activity and growth of beneficial gut microbiota. In the present study, resistant starch content of native (lemantak), commercialized and retrograded sago and starch was analysed, and the in vitro fermentability with known probiotics were investigated. Retrograded starch was produced through two cycles of autoclaving and cooling steps. The resistant starch content of each modified starch were measured based on the method approved by AOAC 2002.02. The in vitro batch fermentation was carried out with inoculation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis at 37°C for 24 hours in anaerobic condition. Total bacteria was enumerated at 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Highest resistant starch content was shown in lemantak (native sago starch) at 62.61%. Lemantak was also shown to be the most preferred fermentation substrate with the highest number of total bacterial count at all sampling hours. These findings suggest the potential of lemantak as a prebiotic

Modelling the behaviour of steel fibre reinforced precast beam-to-column connection

The numerical behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) corbels reinforced with different fibre volume ratio subjected to vertical incremental load is presented in this paper. Precast concrete structures had become popular in the construction field, which offer a faster, neater, safer, easier and cheaper construction work. The construction components are prefabricated in controlled environment under strict supervision before being erected on site. However, precast beam-column connections are prone to failure due to the brittle properties of concrete. Finite element analysis (FEA) is adopted due to the nonlinear behaviour of concrete and SFRC. The key objective of this research is to develop a reliable nonlinear FEA model to represent the behaviour of reinforced concrete corbel. The developed model is validated with experimental data from previous researches. Then, the validated FEA model is used to predict the behaviour of SFRC corbel reinforced with different fibre volume ratio by changing the material parameters. The results show that the addition of steel fibre (SF) increases the load carrying capacity, ductility, stiffness, and changed the failure mode of corbel from brittle bending-shear to flexural ductile. On the other hand, the increasing of SF volume ratio also leads to increased load carrying capacity, ductility, and stiffness of corbel

Handling practices and food safety measures about umai delights among Bintulu locals, Borneo Sarawak

Umai is a popular traditional dish among the Melanau ethnic group indigenous to Sarawak. The local people believed that the acidity of the citrus juice can slightly cook the fish and remove the fishy smell. The aim of the study was to investigate the umai preparation process and to study the food safety awareness among the locals in Bintulu. A purposive sample of 100 umai makers divided into two equal groups; the professionals and non-professionals, participated in the study. The most recommended fish for making umai in the professional and non-professional group were Spanish Mackerel (62%; 32/50) and Empirang (82%; 41/50), respectively. Majority of the respondents in both groups (>60%) determined the freshness of the fish by observing the condition of the gills. Both groups were using calamansi juice as their main ingredients, as well as vinegar, lemon juice, asam paya and salt. Only 12% of the professional and 14% of the non-professional respondents agreed on freezing the raw fish chunks before processing them into umai. Most of the respondents indicated, that soon after marinating the raw fish in calamansi juice with other ingredients, the umai dish is ready to eat. A higher proportion of the non-professional (60%) compared to the professional respondents (50%) affirmed umai need to be chilled for 30 min before serving. Overall, the respondents showed little understanding of food safety measures. Hence, this study revealed that, the handling and processing of umai, and the food safety measures need to be improved among the Bintulu population

Thermal insulation properties of organic and inorganic material in clay brick - a review

Pore forming agent is widely used in clay brick making process whether originally organics or inorganics materials which can improve thermal insulation facing global warming issue. Many researchers trigged to discover the thermal insulation materials since the past decade due to responsibility to develop a comfort living demand for heating or cooling. This paper review on different types of thermal inorganic and organic insulation materials added into a clay brick to improve the thermal insulation properties. The scope of these reviews lies to the materials of; paper residue, rice husk, rice husk ash, olive stone flour, wheat straw, perlite, cigarette butt, vermiculite, waste marble powder and waste glass sludge. The discussions are made based on the properties of organic and inorganic materials used in improving the thermal insulation in clay brick. Hence, a throughout review of the composition and properties of brick and various factor related to manufacturing process is highly required for better standardization of clay bricks. A better understanding of different wastes incorporating clay brick utilize of various mining and industrial as well as achieving the goal of sustainable development

Biotechnological production and application of fructooligosaccharides

Currently, prebiotics are all carbohydrates of relatively short chain length. An important group is the fructooligosaccharides, which are a special kind of prebiotics associated to their selective stimulation of the activity of certain groups of colonic bacteria that have a positive and beneficial effect on intestinal microbiota, reducing incidence of gastrointestinal infections, respiratory and also possessing a recognized bifidogenic effect. Traditionally, these prebiotic compounds have been obtained through extraction processes from some plants, as well as through enzymatic hydrolysis of sucrose. However, different fermentative methods have also been proposed for the production of fructooligosaccharides, such as solid-state fermentation utilizing various agroindustrial by-products. By optimizing the culture parameters, fructooligosaccharides yields and productivity can be improved. The use of immobilized enzymes and cells has also been proposed as being an effective and economic method for large-scale production of fructooligosaccharides. This paper is an overview on the results of recent studies on fructooligosacharides biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, sources, biotechnological production and applications.The authors thank the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT) for funding this study. D. A. Flores-Maltos thank the CONACYT for the financial support provided for her postgraduate studies in the Food Science and Technology Program, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Mexico

Manajemen Mutu dalam Mengembangkan Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru

Dalam proses pembelajaran guru dituntut memiliki kompetensi pedagogik, sehingga dapat menjadikan proses pembelajaran peserta didik menjadi terarah oleh bentuk pembelajaran yang disajikan oleh guru dan, sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran. Adapun dari hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa: pertama, Kompetensi pedagogik guru yaitu, (1) kompetensi pedagogik guru sebagian besar sudah memenuhi standar; (2) kompetensi pedagogik guru yang bertujuan untuk membentuk karakter peserta didik yang berakhlak. kedua, manajemen mutu dalam mengembangkan kompetensi pedagogik guru yaitu, (1) pihak manajemen sekolah sudah berusaha untuk mengembangkan kompetensi pedagogik guru dengan mengadakan berbagai macam pelatihan untuk guru. ketiga, faktor pendukung dalam mengembangkan kompetensi pedagogik guru, (1) sarana dan pra sarana yang memadai; (2) manajemen yang mendukung kegiatan guru; dan (3) Adanya kerjasama guru. Keempat, faktor penghambat dalam mengembangkan kompetensi pedagogik guru, (1) kurang optimal dari pelaksanaan pelatihan; dan (2) kebijakan pemerintah dan manajemen yang berbenturan. kelima, solusi manajerial dalam mengembangkan kompetensi pedagogik guru, (1) melatih guru dalam pengoptimalan pelaksanaan pelatihan; dan (2) mengoptimalkan dukungan yayasan sekolah dan dinas pendidikan terkai