Grid Keratotomy for Treatment of Atypical Presenting Indolent Corneal Ulceration in a Boxer

Corneal ulcers are one of the highest causes of vision impairment in dogs. The Boxer breed is particularly predisposed to recurrent and refractory corneal ulcers (Whitley and Gigler, 1999). In this report we present an interesting case of indolent corneal ulcer in a Boxer with atypical clinical manifestation and features, and its successful treatment by grid keratotomy. Boxer ulcers which are also synonymously termed as refractory epithelial erosions, indolent ulcers, recurrent corneal erosions syndrome, rodent ulcers, are superficial corneal ulcers that heal either slowly or poorly (Gelatt 1970, Whitley and Gigler, 1999). Some characteristic features that help to recognize the condition are overlapping lip of non adherent epithelium present around the ulcers edge and stain positive to fluorescein stain and usually occurs bilaterally (Whitley and Gigler, 1999). In our present case the above commonly occurring features were however not present, but after making critical differential diagnosis and considering the breed predisposition the case was identified as an indolent corneal ulcer, and was successfully treated following grid keratotomy. This is an interesting case report on atypical presentation of a boxer ulcer; similar findings have not been reported previously. Keywords: Keratotonmy, Treatment, Corneal ulcer, BoxerNigerian Veterinary Journal 32(2) 201

Anesthesia for Intraocular Surgery in Rabbits

The purpose of the study was to assess a ketamine/xylazine combination along with retrobulbar block using  4% lignocaine HCl for performing intraocular surgery in rabbits. To do so ten healthy adult New Zealand  White rabbits aged 1.5-2 years of either sex weighing 2-3 kgs were selected for unilateral cataract extraction  by phacoemulsification . Xylazine HCl was used as preanesthetic at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg, i.m., followed  by Ketamine HCl at a dose rate of 35mg/kg, i.m. A retro bulbar block was performed with 4% lignocaine  HCL. The anesthetic depth was judged by ear pinching reflex. The time for onset and duration of anesthesia  was found to be 7±0.5 minutes and 35.5±1.2 minutes respectively. A central eyeball fixation following  retro bulbar block was obtained in all the cases. The mean values recorded before induction of anesthesia  and during anesthesia of rectal temperature (38.090C±0.2 vs. 37.290C±0.2), heart rate in beats per minute  (276±1.2 vs.272±1.1), arterial blood pH (7.35±0.02 vs. 7.32±0.02), bicarbonate (16.2±1.2 vs. 20.3±1.8),  PaCo2 (26.09±2.3 vs. 27.52±2.3) and PaO2 (84.79±1.9 vs. 80.39±1.1) did not vary significantly (P>0.05).  Recovery was smooth and complete in 32.5±2.8 minutes. Conclusion: the anesthetic regimen provides adequate condition for conducting intraocular surgery in rabbits.

Non-mulberry Silk Fibroin Biomaterial for Corneal Regeneration

Successful repair of a damaged corneal surface is a great challenge and may require the use of a scaffold that supports cell growth and differentiation. Amniotic membrane is currently used for this purpose, in spite of its limitations. A thin transparent silk fibroin film from non-mulberry Antheraea mylitta (Am) has been developed which offers to be a promising alternative. The silk scaffolds provide sufficient rigidity for easy handling, the scaffolds support the sprouting, migration, attachment and growth of epithelial cells and keratocytes from rat corneal explants; the cells form a cell sheet, preserve their phenotypes, express cytokeratin3 and vimentin respectively. The films also support growth of limbal stem cell evidenced by expression of ABCG2. The cell growth on the silk film and the amniotic membrane is comparable. The implanted film within the rabbit cornea remains transparent, stable. The clinical examination as well as histology shows absence of any inflammatory response or neovascularization. The corneal surface integrity is maintained; tear formation, intraocular pressure and electroretinography of implanted eyes show no adverse changes. The silk fibroin film from nonmulberry silk worms may be a worthy candidate for use as a corneal scaffold

A simple reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for determination of curcumin in aqueous humor of rabbit

This article describes a simple and rapid method for determination of curcumin (diferuloylmethane) in aqueous humor of rabbit using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Analysis was performed using a C-18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μ luna) by isocratic elution with a mobile phase containing 25 mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (pH 3.5): Acetonitrile (40:60) and detection at 424 nm using a photodiode array (PDA) detector for curcumin. The regression data for curcumin showed a good linear relationship with r 2 > 0.998 over the concentration range of 0.1-10 μg ml−1 . Relative standard deviations (RSD) for the intraday and interday coefficient of variations for the assay were less than 5.0 and 8.5, respectively. The recovery of the method was between 79.8-83.6%. The quantification limit of the method for curcumin was 0.01 μg ml−1 . This method has good accuracy, precision, and quantitation limit. It is also concluded that the method is useful for measuring very low curcumin concentrations in aqueous humor

Pirfenidone nanoparticles improve corneal wound healing and prevent scarring following alkali burn.

To evaluate the effects of pirfenidone nanoparticles on corneal re-epithelialization and scarring, major clinical challenges after alkali burn.Effect of pirfenidone on collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) synthesis by TGFβ induced primary corneal fibroblast cells was evaluated by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. Pirfenidone loaded poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles were prepared, characterized and their cellular entry was examined in primary corneal fibroblast cells by fluorescence microscopy. Alkali burn was induced in one eye of Sprague Dawley rats followed by daily topical treatment with free pirfenidone, pirfenidone nanoparticles or vehicle. Corneal re-epithelialization was assessed daily by flourescein dye test; absence of stained area indicated complete re-epithelialization and the time for complete re-epithelialization was determined. Corneal haze was assessed daily for 7 days under slit lamp microscope and graded using a standard method. After 7 days, collagen I deposition in the superficial layer of cornea was examined by immunohistochemistry.Pirfenidone prevented (P<0.05) increase in TGF β induced collagen I and α-SMA synthesis by corneal fibroblasts in a dose dependent manner. Pirfenidone could be loaded successfully within PLGA nanoparticles, which entered the corneal fibroblasts within 5 minutes. Pirfenidone nanoparticles but not free pirfenidone significantly (P<0.05) reduced collagen I level, corneal haze and the time for corneal re-epithelialization following alkali burn.Pirfenidone decreases collagen synthesis and prevents myofibroblast formation. Pirfenidone nanoparticles improve corneal wound healing and prevent fibrosis. Pirfenidone nanoparticles are of potential value in treating corneal chemical burns and other corneal fibrotic diseases

Crystal Structure and Electronic Properties of a Piroxicam Derivative: A Combined X-Ray Analysis and Quantum Mechanical Studies

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Collagen 1 expression was reduced in the pirfenidone NP treated cornea: Immunohistochemistry shows increased expression of collagen I in the superficial layer of corneas from control and free pirfenidone treated rats, and a reduced expression in the corneas from pirfenidone NP treated rats.

<p>Corresponding DAPI stained sections are also presented.</p

Surface morphology of NPs: (A) AFM and (B) TEM pictures show smooth surface of the NPs.

<p>Surface morphology of NPs: (A) AFM and (B) TEM pictures show smooth surface of the NPs.</p