Human Lysyl Oxidase Over-Expression Enhances Baseline Cardiac Oxidative Stress but Does Not Aggravate ROS Generation or Infarct Size Following Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion

Cardiac remodeling; Lysyl oxidase; Reperfusion injuryRemodelación cardiaca; Lisil oxidasa; Lesión por reperfusiónRemodelació cardíaca; Lisil oxidasa; Lesió de reperfusióLysyl oxidase (LOX) is an enzyme critically involved in collagen maturation, whose activity releases H2O2 as a by-product. Previous studies demonstrated that LOX over-expression enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and exacerbates cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload. However, whether LOX influences acute myocardial infarction and post-infarct left ventricular remodeling and the contribution of LOX to myocardial oxidative stress following ischemia-reperfusion have not been analyzed. Isolated hearts from transgenic mice over-expressing human LOX in the heart (TgLOX) and wild-type (WT) littermates were subjected to global ischemia and reperfusion. Although under basal conditions LOX transgenesis is associated with higher cardiac superoxide levels than WT mice, no differences in ROS production were detected in ischemic hearts and a comparable acute ischemia-reperfusion injury was observed (infarct size: 56.24 ± 9.44 vs. 48.63 ± 2.99% of cardiac weight in WT and TgLOX, respectively). Further, similar changes in cardiac dimensions and function were observed in TgLOX and WT mice 28 days after myocardial infarction induced by transient left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion, and no differences in scar area were detected (20.29 ± 3.10 vs. 21.83 ± 2.83% of left ventricle). Our data evidence that, although LOX transgenesis induces baseline myocardial oxidative stress, neither ROS production, infarct size, nor post-infarction cardiac remodeling were exacerbated following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion.This work was supported by the Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI18/0919 and PI17/01397) co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF-FEDER, a way to build Europe), the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (RTI2018-094727-B-100), the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) (2017-SGR-00333 and 2017-SGR-1807) and Fundació La Marató TV3 (grant 2015.3610). A.R.-S. has a consolidated Miguel Servet contract and L.P. is supported by a PFIS contract (ISCIII)

Bex3 dimerization regulates NGF-dependent neuronal survival and differentiation by enhancing trkA gene transcription

The development of the nervous system is a temporally and spatially coordinated process that relies on the proper regulation of the genes involved. Neurotrophins and their receptors are directly responsible for the survival and differentiation of sensory and sympathetic neurons; however, it is not fully understood how genes encoding Trk neurotrophin receptors are regulated. Here, we show that rat Bex3 protein specifically regulates TrkA expression by acting at the trkA gene promoter level. Bex3 dimerization and shuttling to the nucleus regulate the transcription of the trkA promoter under basal conditions and also enhance nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated trkA promoter activation. Moreover, qChIP assays indicate that Bex3 associates with the trkA promoter within a 150 bp sequence, immediately upstream from the transcription start site, which is sufficient to mediate the effects of Bex3. Consequently, the downregulation of Bex3 using shRNA increases neuronal apoptosis in NGF-dependent sensory neurons deprived of NGF and compromises PC12 cell differentiation in response to NGF. Our results support an important role for Bex3 in the regulation of TrkA expression and in NGF-mediated functions through modulation of the trkA promoter.This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Grant BFU2008-00162, by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad Grant (BFU2011-22898 to J.C.A. and BFU2013-39394-P to P.P.), by a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant within the European Community 7th Framework Programme, by the Consejería de Educación Grant SA074A08, and by a Consejería de Sanidad de Junta Castilla y León grant to J.C.A. This work was in part supported by the FP7-PAINCAGE integrative project. D.M.-Z. is funded by a grant from the Spanish “Instituto de Saludo Carlos III” PI1202847. L.C. has been the recipient of a Predoctoral Fellowship from the University of Salamanca. J.C.A. was a “Ramón y Cajal” Investigator from the University of Salamanca and a NARSAD 2009 Young Investigator Awardee.Peer Reviewe

Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in abdominal aortic aneurysm: A potential therapeutic opportunity?

Abdominal aortic aneurysmAneurisma aórtico abdominalAneurisma aòrtic abdominalThis work was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (No. PI21/01048, PI20/01649), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF-FEDER, a way to build Europe), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (No. RTI2018-094727-B-100), AGAUR (No. 2017-SGR-00333, 2017-SGR-1807) and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (No. 2021AEP073). L. P. is supported by a PFIS contract (ISCIII), C.B–S by a FPU fellowship and A.R.-S. and M.G. were funded by the Miguel Servet Program

Diagnóstico financiero y análisis bursátil de la empresa Ecopetrol

En el siguiente trabajo, se realiza un análisis profundo de la situación financiera móvil, los indicadores necesarios para analizar y explicar el cálculo, así como la deuda como parte de este análisis; Sin embargo, debido a la importancia del Ecopetrol en Colombia, el origen, la evolución, el crecimiento, la generación de costos y otras cifras importantes que la compañía encontró y continuará encontrando en el futuro, porque esto es aquí como una economía mixta, el mayor accionista de Los accionistas son. El estado colombiano y, por lo tanto, es colombianos, debemos comprender cómo usar recursos y cómo usar sus recursos y estos aspectos se describirán en detalle en el trabajo a continuación. A cambio, Ecopetrol está relacionado con la Bolsa de Valores Colombianos, por lo que tiene una pequeña introducción al mercado financiero y mantiene el precio de las actividades en el mercado de valores.In the following work, a deep analysis of the mobile financial situation is carried out, the indicators necessary to analyze and explain the calculation, as well as the debt as part of this analysis; However, due to the importance of Ecopetrol in Colombia, the origin, evolution, growth, cost generation and other important figures that the company found and will continue to find in the future, because this is here as a mixed economy, the largest shareholder of The shareholders are. The Colombian state and therefore it is Colombians, we must understand how to use resources and how to use its resources and these aspects will be described in detail in the work below. In exchange, Ecopetrol is related to the Colombian Stock Exchange, so it has a small introduction to the financial market and maintains the price of activities in the stock market

Diagnóstico financiero y análisis bursátil de la empresa Ecopetrol

En el siguiente trabajo presenta un análisis de la situación financiera de Ecopetrol S.A, a partir de los indicadores necesarios para determinar el origen, la evolución, el crecimiento, la generación de costos y otras cifras importantes para el correcto funcionamiento de la compañía a corto, mediano y largo plazo. La importancia de esta compañía radica en el impacto que tiene para el Estado colombiano, puesto que las acciones son parte de un modelo de economía mixta, donde participa el sector público y privado. Es fundamental reconocer la forma en que se distribuyen estos recursos y su impacto en el desarrollo local, nacional y regional, puesto que, cotiza sus acciones en el mercado internacional a través de la bolsa de valores.The following paper presents an analysis of the financial situation of Ecopetrol S.A., based on the indicators necessary to determine the origin, evolution, growth, cost generation and other important figures for the proper functioning of the company in the short, medium and long term. The importance of this company lies in the impact it has for the Colombian State, since the shares are part of a mixed economy model, where the public and private sectors participate. It is essential to recognize the way in which these resources are distributed and their impact on local, national and regional development, since its shares are listed on the international market through the stock exchange

Métodos estadísticos para la estimación del caudal de diseño del río Moche, La Libertad - 2021

Una alternativa de solución ante sucesos de aumento de caudales, es la construcción de obras hidráulicas la cual permite la seguridad y el bienestar de la población. Por ello, el objetivo de este proyecto de investigación es determinar caudales de diseño del río Moche en un periodo de retorno de 50, 75 y 100 años, empleando métodos estadísticos como Gumbel, Nash y Lebediev. Donde fue necesario la recolección de registros hidrométricos de la estación Quirihuac dadas por la Autoridad Nacional del Agua (ANA) con una antigüedad mayor a 50 años. A partir de los cálculos realizados se obtuvo que el método de Gumbel tuvo un caudal máximo de diseño de 30.77 m³/s, 32.78 m³/s, 34.20 m³/s para los períodos mencionados respectivamente. En comparación con los resultados obtenidos por el método de Nash son ligeramente inferiores por lo que también podría ser considerado factible en su aplicación. Finalmente se concluye que el método de Gumbel sería el más eficiente para proyectos y estudios de investigación relacionados con la ingeniería hidráulica

Spinal tuberculosis

Introducción: la tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa. Es una importante causa de incapacidad y muerte en muchas zonas del mundo. Además de la localización pulmonar, que es la más frecuente, puede ocurrir una diseminación del bacilo hacia otros órganos, dando lugar a la llamada tuberculosis extrapulmonar, que puede afectar cualquier órgano o tejido, incluyendo la columna vertebral.Caso clínico: se presenta un caso con tuberculosis vertebral en un paciente de una institución cerrada de la ciudad de Pinar del Río; este debutó inicialmente con síntomas respiratorios y toma del estado general. Se le realizó una tomografía axial computarizada de mediastino que mostró lesiones óseas a nivel vertebral. El tratamiento actual resultó favorable. Conclusiones: la forma clínica extrapulmonar es de presentación menos frecuente, sin embargo, su diagnóstico es de mucha importancia en este grupo poblacional muy vulnerable.Introduction: tuberculosis is an infectious disease. It is a major cause of disability and death in many parts of the world. Pulmonary location is the most common, where a dissemination of the bacillus may occur and infect other organs and tissues, leading to extrapulmonary tuberculosis, including the spine. Clinical case: the case of a patient admitted in a closed-treatment unit in Pinar del Río city presented vertebral extrapulmonary tuberculosis, who initially presented respiratory symptoms and poor general status. A computed tomography [CT] of the mediastinum showed osseous lesions at vertebral level. Current treatment provided a favorable improvement. Conclusions: extrapulmonary clinical presentation is less common; however, its diagnosis is very important for this very vulnerable population group

Tuberculosis vertebral

Introduction: tuberculosis is an infectious disease. It is a major cause of disability and death in many parts of the world. Pulmonary location is the most common, where a dissemination of the bacillus may occur and infect other organs and tissues, leading to extrapulmonary tuberculosis, including the spine. Clinical case: the case of a patient admitted in a closed-treatment unit in Pinar del Río city presented vertebral extrapulmonary tuberculosis, who initially presented respiratory symptoms and poor general status. A computed tomography [CT] of the mediastinum showed osseous lesions at vertebral level. Current treatment provided a favorable improvement. Conclusions: extrapulmonary clinical presentation is less common; however, its diagnosis is very important for this very vulnerable population group.Introducción: la tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa. Es una importante causa de incapacidad y muerte en muchas zonas del mundo. Además de la localización pulmonar, que es la más frecuente, puede ocurrir una diseminación del bacilo hacia otros órganos, dando lugar a la llamada tuberculosis extrapulmonar, que puede afectar cualquier órgano o tejido, incluyendo la columna vertebral.Caso clínico: se presenta un caso con tuberculosis vertebral en un paciente de una institución cerrada de la ciudad de Pinar del Río; este debutó inicialmente con síntomas respiratorios y toma del estado general. Se le realizó una tomografía axial computarizada de mediastino que mostró lesiones óseas a nivel vertebral. El tratamiento actual resultó favorable. Conclusiones: la forma clínica extrapulmonar es de presentación menos frecuente, sin embargo, su diagnóstico es de mucha importancia en este grupo poblacional muy vulnerable

Hydraulic Traits Emerge as Relevant Determinants of Growth Patterns in Wild Olive Genotypes Under Water Stress

The hydraulic traits of plants, or the efficiency of water transport throughout the plant hydraulic system, could help to anticipate the impact of climate change and improve crop productivity. However, the mechanisms explaining the role of hydraulic traits on plant photosynthesis and thus, plant growth and yield, are just beginning to emerge. We conducted an experiment to identify differences in growth patterns at leaf, root and whole plant level among four wild olive genotypes and to determine whether hydraulic traits may help to explain such differences through their effect on photosynthesis. We estimated the relative growth rate (RGR), and its components, leaf gas exchange and hydraulic traits both at the leaf and whole-plant level in the olive genotypes over a full year. Photosynthetic capacity parameters were also measured. We observed different responses to water stress in the RGRs of the genotypes studied being best explained by changes in the net CO2 assimilation rate (NAR). Further, net photosynthesis, closely related to NAR, was mainly determined by hydraulic traits, both at leaf and whole-plant levels. This was mediated through the effects of hydraulic traits on stomatal conductance. We observed a decrease in leaf area: sapwood area and leaf area: root area ratios in water-stressed plants, which was more evident in the olive genotype Olea europaea subsp. guanchica (GUA8), whose RGR was less affected by water deficit than the other olive genotypes. In addition, at the leaf level, GUA8 water-stressed plants presented a better photosynthetic capacity due to a higher mesophyll conductance to CO2 and a higher foliar N. We conclude that hydraulic allometry adjustments of whole plant and leaf physiological response were well coordinated, buffering the water stress experienced by GUA8 plants. In turn, this explained their higher relative growth rates compared to the rest of the genotypes under water-stress conditions

Evaluación del Programa de Tuberculosis en instituciones cerradas

Introduction: assessments are vital to the success of any program to measure and analyze the fulfillment of the objectives. The most commonly used is based on the evaluation of three components: structure, process and results. Objective: to evaluate the national program for tuberculosis control in closed institutions of Pinar del Río. Material and method: an evaluative research was conducted with a retrospective study design. Criteria and variables, rating scale, operational description indicators and standards in the three components of the program were defined. The information was obtained from statistical records, histories and epidemiological picture. The evaluation of indicators was conducted by comparing the results obtained with the standards established in the national program for tuberculosis control of the Ministry of Public Health of Cuba and other closed institutions set by health, giving the categories of good, fair or wrong. Results: adequate coverage, training of human resources, materials and quality control in the component structure, treatment interruptions chemoprophylaxis of contacts made in late diagnosis and secondary health care in the process component identified , average age 36, increased incidence and prevalence in the provincial closed institution as the main component results. Conclusions: the program is evaluated regularly. The research identified gaps in the prevention and control actions carried out by providing objective and scientific operation thereof, useful in decision making evidence.Introducción: las evaluaciones son vitales para el éxito de cualquier programa al medir y analizar el cumplimiento de los objetivos trazados. La más utilizada se basa en la evaluación de los tres componentes: estructura, proceso y resultados. Objetivo: evaluar el programa nacional de control de la tuberculosis en instituciones cerradas de Pinar del Río. Material y método: se realizó una investigación evaluativa, con un diseño de estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se definieron criterios y variables, escala de clasificación, descripción operacional con indicadores y estándares en los tres componentes del programa. La información se obtuvo de registros estadísticos, historias y cuadro epidemiológico. Se realizó la evaluación de los indicadores, comparando el resultado obtenido con los estándares establecidos en el programa nacional de control de la tuberculosis del Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba y otros fijados por las instituciones cerradas de salud, otorgándoles las categorías de bien, regular o mal. Resultados: se identificó la adecuada cobertura, capacitación de recursos humanos, materiales y el control de calidad en el componente de estructura, interrupciones en el tratamiento de quimioprofilaxis de los contactos, diagnósticos tardíos y realizados en la atención secundaria de salud en el componente de proceso, media de edad de 36 años, incremento en la incidencia y predominio en la institución cerrada provincial como los principales del componente de resultados. Conclusiones: el programa se evaluó de regular. La investigación permitió identificar brechas existentes en las acciones de prevención y control realizadas, aportando evidencias objetivas y científicas del funcionamiento del mismo, útiles en la toma de decisiones