Influence of pyrogallol antioxidant on performance and emissions of a CI fuelled with neem oil biodiesel

In current circumstances, energy is considered as a critical factor for economic growth, social development and human welfare. To bridge the ever rising energy requirement, biodiesel an alternative diesel fuel derived from waste vegetable oil, animal fats or vegetable oil is becoming increasingly popular in developing countries. Amongst which the biodiesel derived from neem oil has already proved as potential alternative fuel for CI engine. However the studies which investigate performance and emission characteristics with additives need to be investigated. In the present investigation the neem oil biodiesel was prepared using acid catalyzed esterification followed by trans-esterification process. The performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder Compression ignition engine was carried with pyrogallol concentration of 0 parts per million (ppm), 250ppm, 500ppm and 750ppm with neem oil biodiesel. The engine performance and emission tests were carried out at a rated speed of 1500 rpm under different loading conditions. An improved performance and emission characteristics of engine was found with addition of pyrogallol as additives in neem oil biodiesel

Kinematic Synthesis and Analysis of Four Bar Mechanism Using Expert System

A considerable amount of research has been carried out on the synthesis of mechanisms with linkages. Such mechanisms can be used in many ways and in general, synthesis is carried out with reference to input positions and output positions. In this study, the expert system analyzes the four bar double rocker mechanism for given set of inputs which includes the distance of the ground pivots depending upon the space constraint for the mounting of the mechanism, the angles of swing of the input link and the angle of swing required by the output link. The results of the kinematic synthesis and analysis module of the expert system have been compared using a standard problem

समुद्री पर्यावरण तंत्र का प्रकार्य और समुद्री जैवविविधता

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

Monthly and seasonal variation in beach profile along the coast of Tiruchendur and Kanyakumari, Tamilnadu, India

Beach profile survey has been carried out by the method described by Lafond and Prasada Rao (1954) and Emery (1961) between Tiruchendur and Kanyakumari beach, Tamilday, India. The average beach profile shapes in all stations are not identical. This is due to the large amount of sands that transported into the nearshore by longshore and cross-shore movement. In particular this difference is shown in the location of the high variability of heavy mineral distribution depicts the morphological changes. Record of monthly and seasonal beach profile obtained at the 10 beaches along the study area during the period between 2005 and 2006 yield an extensive dataset that could be used to determine the variations in the beach morphology and the processes responsible for the changes. Based on the beach profile measurements the changes were also critically examined and also the impact of intensive extraction of beach sand minerals along the beach profiles was investigated in order to know the morphological variation in the mining area.Se ha realizado el estudio del perfil de la playa entre Tiruchendur y Kanyakumari, Tamildau, India, siguiendo el método descrito por Lafond y Prasada Rao (1954) and Emery (1961). La media del perfil de la playa a lo largo del año no es la misma. Esto es debido a la gran cantidad de arenas transportadas hacia la costa mediante corrientes paralelas y transversales a la misma. En particular, esta diferencia se muestra en la alta variabilidad de distribución de minerales pesados en relación con los cambios morfológicos. El registro mensual y estacional de los cambios del perfil de la playa obtenido en 10 playas a lo largo de la zona de estudio durante el periodo comprendido entre 2005-2006 proporciona una información que podría ser utilizada para obtener la variación de las morfologías en las playas y las causas que lo producen. Los cambios en el perfil de la playa han sido también examinados en detalle en base a las medidas del perfil de la playa obtenidos, así como fue investigado el impacto producido por la intensiva extracción de minerales de la playa con el objetivo de conocer la variación de la morfología en la zona de actividad minera

Gallic Acid Protects Against Immobilization Stress-Induced Changes In Wistar Rats

Background: Stress triggers a wide range of body changes. Herbal medicines are rich in non specific antistress agents.Purpose: The present study was carried out to evaluate the antistress effect of gallic acid (GA), a naturally occurring plant phenol, on immobilization induced-stress in male albino Wistar rats.Methods: The immobilization stress was induced in rats by putting the rats in 20 cm Ч 7 cm plastic tubes for 2 h/day for 21 days. Rats were post orally treated with GA at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight via intragastric intubations.Results:Treatment with GA significantly increased the food intake, body weight, organ weight (spleen, testis and brain) and the significant reduction was found in weight of liver, kidney, heart and adrenal glands, which was altered in stressed rats. GA also significantly reduced the elevated levels of plasma glucose, plasma and tissue cholesterol (CHL), triglycerides (TG), Low Density Lipid (LDL), Very Low Density Lipid (VLDL) and also significantly increased the level of High Density Lipid (HDL). A significant decrease in hematological parameters like RBC count, total and differential WBC count was also found which were increased in immobilization stress.Conclusion: GA prevented the stress-induced physiological, biochemical and hematological changes, indicating the preventive effect against stress

Multiband monopole antenna for mobile applications

— In this paper, a multiband monopole antenna has been proposed for mobile applications. The monopole antenna has simple structure with a physical size of 15 cm × 7 cm. The antenna consists of monopole shape loaded by a set of folded arms with a varying length which lead to a better impedance matching result and multiband performance. The simulated results show that the proposed antenna provide multiband frequency operation of 0.8 GHz, 1.8 GHz 2.1 GHz, 2.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz which covers the range from 0 to 4 GHz. The antenna is designed to operate at sub-6 GHz which proposed as lower frequency band to deliver 5G in early stage. The designed antenna has been fabricated and measured to validate the simulated results. RF Coaxial U.FL Connector was used as the port connector. The measurement results agrees well with the simulated ones for all frequency bands

Computerized Tomography Detects Pulmonary Lesions in Children with Normal Radiographs Diagnosed to have Tuberculosis

This report is based on observations during the conduct of a larger study to develop diagnostic criteria for childhood tuberculosis (TB). Of 20l children confirmed to have pulmonary or lymph node TB, 84 had normal chest radiographs. Computerized tomography (CT) of the chest was performed in nine of them, seven of whom had normal chest radiographs while two had visible calcification. Eight of the nine children had definitive lesions detected by computerized tomography of the chest. While five children had primarily hilar lymph node enlargement, three had pulmonary parenchymal lesions. The use of more sensitive diagnostic tests like computed tomography helps to detect tuberculosis lesions not otherwise visualized on chest radiographs. This report highlights the difficulty in excluding active tuberculosis in children. More studies are required on the role of CT scans in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children

Magnetic and Low Temperature Conductivity Studies in Oxidized Nano Ni Films

A set of single layered nanostructured Ni films of thickness, t = 25 nm, 50 nm, 75 nm and 100 nm have been deposited using electron beam gun evaporation technique at 473 K under high vacuum condition. From the grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) studies, NiO phase formation has been noted. Grain sizes of the films were determined. The microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies. Average surface roughness was determined by atomic force microscope (AFM). The room temperature magnetization has been measured using the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The coercive field was observed to be increasing with increasing t and became maximum for t = 75 nm and decreases for further increase in t. The behavior of coercive field with t indicated softness of the films. Low temperature electrical conductivity in the range from 5 K to 300 K has been measured. Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity showed semiconducting behavior. At temperatures above θD/2 (θD is the Debye temperature), the conductivity behavior has been understood in the light of Mott’s small polaron hopping model and activation energies were determined. An attempt has been made to understand conductivity variation below θD/2 using variable range hopping models due to Mott and Greaves. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2371