Impact of industrial wastewater disposal on surface water bodies in Kalingarayan canal, Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India

The Kalingarayan canal is crossing the major textile town Erode which is abundantly occupied by textile units. Major streams carrying the untreated / semi treated industrial effluents are mixed into the canal. However, the gradual introduction of a large number of new chemical compounds and the technologies has resulted in a much higher number of contaminants today. The original situation, which local intense pollution from a limited number of well-defined sources has been transferred into a situation with widespread contamination by a large variety of compounds from a multitude of sources. Continuous disposal of industrial effluents on the canal, limited assimilate capacity of the canal and also leads to groundwater pollution. Kalingarayan canal has helped to cultivate more than 6000 hectares. For the past few years, Kalingarayan farmers and cattle are experiencing various problems. The area of cultivation is reduced to 3000 hectares because of the contamination in the canal by the different polluting industries like tanneries, textiles and dyeing units located in Erode and Tirupur areas. Hence yield on their lands has decreased to a certain extent. Thus, this study gives a clear picture of pollution sources, types of effluents added in the canal. The scope of the present study is to assess the impact on the surface water of the Kalingarayan canal, a comprehensive experimental study to identify the pollutant levels in the surface water of the Kalingarayan canal and to suggest a suitable remedial measure to handle this problem

In vivo administration of fucoidan from Turbinaria decurrens protects shrimps from white spot syndrome virus

212-216Fucoidan was extracted from the brown seaweed Turbinaria decurrens by hot water extraction and characterized with HPLC, FTIR, NMR and GPC to study the impact against the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), bacteria and fungi. Fucoidan was fed for shrimps along with the diet (before and after WSSV infection). In the end of the study, the survival percentage of shrimp was 51% (in the case of 5-8 g) and 97% (in the case of 12-15 g), respectively. Among the 10 bacterial pathogens and 7 fungal pathogens, fucoidan inhibited 2 bacterial pathogen such as S. aureus (0.26±0.02 mm) and E. faecalis (1.3±0.1 mm) and A. Niger (0.84 ± 0.03 mm) in fungal pathogens with clear zone of inhibition

Study the Effectiveness of Maitland Mobilization and Clinical Exercise Vs Maitland Mobilization alone in Chronic Tibiofemoral Arthritis

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, progressive degenerative health problem among adults. The term osteoarthritis was first introduced by John K Spender in 1886, England. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of Maitland mobilization with clinical exercise (group A) VS Maitland mobilization alone (group B) in terms of pain, ROM, muscle power and functional activities in chronic tibio-femoral arthritis METHODOLOGY: Group A(n= 15) receive Maitland Mobilization & Clinical Exercise (include stretching, strengthening, range of motion exercise) and Group B (n=15) receive Maitland Mobilization alone (include accessory & physiological movement). Both group received treatment for about 4 weeks. RESULT: By comparing the effectiveness of each treatment with respect to all standard measures, we see that the treatment "Maitland Mobilization with Clinical Exercise" is more effective or the "Maitland Mobilization" is effective in terms of Pain,ROM,Muscle Power and function

Modelling of sound absorption properties of sisal fibre reinforced paper pulp composites using regression model

Multiple linear regression models have been developed to predict the sound absorption properties of sisal fibre reinforced recycled paper pulp composites (light in weight), with varying fibre volume fraction, average cut-length of the fibres and composite thickness. The composites are produced using Box and Behnken experimental design and evaluated by relevant standards. An attempt has also been made to study the effect of various parameters in multiple linear regression models. The actual experimental data are compared with predicted results using multiple linear regression model. The correlation coefficient between experimental and predicted value is found to be 0.977. The maximum noise reduction coefficient is observed (through experimental) in the bulk density of 171 kg/m3 at frequency ranges between 125 Hz and 4000 Hz with the average value of 0.58

Semantic Retrieval of Relevant Sources for Large Scale Virtual Documents

AbstractThe term big data has come into use in recent years. It is used to refer to the ever-increasing amount of data that organizations are storing, processing and analyzing. An Interesting fact with bigdata is that it differ in Volume, Variety, Velocity characteristics which makes it difficult to process using the conventional Database Management System. Hence there is a need of schema less Management Systems even this will never be complete solution to bigdata analysis since the processing has no focus on the semantic information as they consider only the structural information. Content Management System like Wikipedia stores and links huge amount of documents and files. There is lack of semantic linking and analysis in such systems even though this kind of CMS uses clusters and distributed framework for storing big data. The retrieved references for a particular article are random and enormous. In order to reduce the number of references for a selected content there is a need for semantic matching. In this paper we propose framework which make use of the distributed parallel processing capability of Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) to perform semantic analysis over the volume of documents (bigdata) to find the best matched source document from the collection source documents for the same virtual document

Reaction of Hydrazine Hydrate with Oxalic Acid: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Dihydrazinium Oxalate

The reaction of oxalic acid with hydrazine hydrate (in appropriate mole ratio) forms the dihydrazinium oxalate under specific experimental condition. The title compound is a molecular salt containing two discrete hydrazinium cations and an oxalate anion. The oxalate anion is perfectly planar and there is a crystallographic centre of symmetry in the middle of the C-C bond. The C-O bond distances are almost equal indicating the presence of resonance in the oxalate ion. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular N-H…Oand  N-H…Nhydrogen bonds. The oxalate ions are linked together end to end through hydrogen bonds (via N2H5+ ions) and run parallel to the [101] direction. It is interesting to note that each oxalate group in the structure is surrounded by six hydrazinium ions through hydrogen bonding. Similarly, each hydrazinium ion is surrounded by three oxalate and one hydrazinium ion.KEY WORDS: Hydrazine, oxalic acid, dihydrazinium oxalate, crystal structure

A New Analysis Method for Simulations Using Node Categorizations

Most research concerning the influence of network structure on phenomena taking place on the network focus on relationships between global statistics of the network structure and characteristic properties of those phenomena, even though local structure has a significant effect on the dynamics of some phenomena. In the present paper, we propose a new analysis method for phenomena on networks based on a categorization of nodes. First, local statistics such as the average path length and the clustering coefficient for a node are calculated and assigned to the respective node. Then, the nodes are categorized using the self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm. Characteristic properties of the phenomena of interest are visualized for each category of nodes. The validity of our method is demonstrated using the results of two simulation models. The proposed method is useful as a research tool to understand the behavior of networks, in particular, for the large-scale networks that existing visualization techniques cannot work well.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures. This paper will be published in Social Network Analysis and Mining(www.springerlink.com

A Risk Assessment Methodology for Toxic Chemicals Evaporation from Circular Pools

This study presents a method for determining the mass transfer coefficient for the toxic chemicals evaporation from circular pools formed due to the failure of plant integrity or escape from valves. The approach used in this present research work is to develop a correlation by a robust optimization technique known as Genetic Algorithm from the experimental data. The developed correlation can be used to model the hydrocarbon evaporation from spills or releases at different wind speeds. From the mass transfer coefficient, the vapor concentration of the hydrocarbon spillage in the environment can be determined which can be used in quantitative risk analysis to predict the effect of toxic release

Enhanced Production of Cellulase from Pineapple Waste by Response Surface Methodology

Optimization of the media components for cellulase production using Trichoderma reesei was carried out. The optimization of cellulase production using pineapple waste as substrate was performed with statistical methodology based on experimental designs. The screening of nutrients and their influence on the cellulase production was studied using a Plackett-Burman design. Avicel, soybean cake flour, KH2PO4, and yeast extract were found to have the positive influence for the production of cellulase. The selected components were optimized using response surface methodology. The optimum concentrations are avicel: 26.5 g/L, soybean cake flour: 22.5 g/L, KH2PO4: 4.5 g/L, and yeast extract: 12.3 g/L. A maximum cellulase activity of 8.61 IU/mL was obtained under the optimized medium in the validation experiment