A study on abuse of topical corticosteroids in patients who attended dermatology venerology leprosy outpatient department

Background: Topical corticosteroids (TCs) are widely used in the patients affected with dermatoses. Abuse of these agents may cause severe adverse effects. Aim of the study was to study the abuse of TCs in patient who attend Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy (DVL) outpatient department. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in department of DVL at Rajah Muthiah Medical college, Tamil Nadu during the period of six months from November 2018 to April 2019. The patients were enrolled for the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Totally 50 patients with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by the abuse of TCs were enrolled for the study. It was found that TCs were abused in all ages and equally in both genders. Nearly 72% of the people used TCs for Tinea infection and 20% of the people used TCs for acne vulgaris. Very high potent TCs such as betamethasone and beclomethasone were abused by 55% of the patient. Tinea incognito (TI) was found as common ADRs by the abuse of TCs (74%). Nearly 88% of the people bought TCs from pharmacies without prescription. Sixteen brands were found as easily accessible and affordable for the patients. Medication adherence were increased by 60% after the patient counselling.Conclusion: This study concludes, TI was found as a common ADR in patients who abused TCs such as betamethasone, beclomethasone and clobetasol. High potent TCs should not be allowed to dispense without prescription. Withdrawal of TCs will reduce the risk of ADRs

Human-ecodynamics and the intertidal zones of the Zanzibar Archipelago

The intertidal zone, covering the nearshore fringe of coasts and islands and extending from the high-water mark to areas that remain fully submerged, encompasses a range of habitats containing resources that are as important to modern populations as they were to humans in prehistory. Effectively bridging land and sea, intertidal environments are extremely dynamic, requiring complexity and variability in how people engaged with them in the past, much as they do in the present. Here we review and reconsider environmental, archaeological, and modern socio-ecological evidence from the Zanzibar Archipelago on eastern Africa’s Swahili coast, focusing on marine molluscs to gain insight into the trajectories of human engagement with nearshore habitats and resources. We highlight the potential drivers of change and/or stability in human-intertidal interactions through time and space, set against a backdrop of the significant socio-economic and socio-ecological changes apparent in the archipelago, and along the Swahili coast, during the late Holocene.1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Unguja and Pemba Islands, Zanzibar Archipelago 2.2 Archaeological and historical overview 2.3 Study site locations, descriptions and chronology 2.3.1 Northern Pemba: Pango la Watoro and Msuka Mjini 2.3.2 Southern Pemba: Ras Mkumbuu 2.3.3 Northern Unguja: Fukuchani and Mvuleni 2.3.4 Southern Unguja: Unguja Ukuu, Kuumbi Cave and Mifupani 2.4 Palaeoenvironmental context 3 Materials and methods 3.1 Identification and abundance 3.2 Richness, nestedness and taxonomic composition 3.3 Diversity indices 3.4 Molluscan zonation and benthic habitat attribution 4 Results 4.1 Assemblage characteristics 4.2 Richness and nestedness 4.3 Taxonomic composition 4.4 Assemblage diversity 4.5 Zonation and benthic habitat analysis 5 Discussion 6 Conclusio

Effect of Magnetic field on Partial Discharge Initiated by Metallic Particle in Thermally Aged Natural Esters under AC and Harmonic Voltages

This paper reports the experimental and theoretical investigations of particle levitation voltage on thermally aged ester fluid, under AC and harmonic AC voltages, in the presence of both electric and magnetic fields (130 mT and 160 mT). The results indicate a higher sensitivity to identify partial discharge (PD) initiated due to particle movement in aged ester fluids with an ultra-high frequency (UHF) sensor than the fluorescent fiber technique. The cause for the reduction in sensitivity of PD detection due to the fluorescent fiber technique with thermally aged fluid is analyzed using steady-state fluorescent measurement. The reduction in the levitation voltage noticed under high-frequency AC voltages is much more severe than its impact under the fundamental frequency of AC supply voltage. In addition, the presence of a magnetic field reduces the magnitude of levitation voltage substantially. The UHF signals generated due to particle movement-initiated discharges with aged ester fluids indicate a shift in its dominant frequency of 0.9 GHz under the absence of a magnetic field to around 0.6 GHz with the effect of a magnetic field

Record Maximum Oscillation Frequency in C-face Epitaxial Graphene Transistors

The maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) quantifies the practical upper bound for useful circuit operation. We report here an fmax of 70 GHz in transistors using epitaxial graphene grown on the C-face of SiC. This is a significant improvement over Si-face epitaxial graphene used in the prior high frequency transistor studies, exemplifying the superior electronics potential of C-face epitaxial graphene. Careful transistor design using a high {\kappa} dielectric T-gate and self-aligned contacts, further contributed to the record-breaking fmax

User`s guide and documentation manual for ``BOAST-VHS for the PC``

The recent advancement of computer technology makes reservoir simulations feasible in a personal computer (PC) environment. This manual provides a guide for running BOAST-VHS, a black oil reservoir simulator for vertical/horizontal/slant wells, using a PC. In addition to detailed explanations of input data file preparation for simulation runs, special features of BOAST-VHS are described and three sample problems are presented. BOAST-VHS is a cost-effective and easy-to-use reservoir simulation tool for the study of oil production from primary depletion and waterflooding in a black oil reservoir. The well model in BOAST-VHS permits specification of any combination of horizontal, slanted, and vertical wells in the reservoir. BOAST-VHS was designed for an IBM PC/AT, PS-2, or compatible computer with 640 K bytes of memory. BOAST-VHS can be used to model a three-dimensional reservoir of up to 810 grid blocks with any combination of rows, columns, and layers, depending on the input data supplied. This dynamic redimensioning feature facilitates simulation work by avoiding the need to recompiling the simulator for different reservoir models. Therefore the program is only supplied as executable code without any source code

User's guide and documentation manual for BOAST-VHS for the PC''

The recent advancement of computer technology makes reservoir simulations feasible in a personal computer (PC) environment. This manual provides a guide for running BOAST-VHS, a black oil reservoir simulator for vertical/horizontal/slant wells, using a PC. In addition to detailed explanations of input data file preparation for simulation runs, special features of BOAST-VHS are described and three sample problems are presented. BOAST-VHS is a cost-effective and easy-to-use reservoir simulation tool for the study of oil production from primary depletion and waterflooding in a black oil reservoir. The well model in BOAST-VHS permits specification of any combination of horizontal, slanted, and vertical wells in the reservoir. BOAST-VHS was designed for an IBM PC/AT, PS-2, or compatible computer with 640 K bytes of memory. BOAST-VHS can be used to model a three-dimensional reservoir of up to 810 grid blocks with any combination of rows, columns, and layers, depending on the input data supplied. This dynamic redimensioning feature facilitates simulation work by avoiding the need to recompiling the simulator for different reservoir models. Therefore the program is only supplied as executable code without any source code

On the accuracy of PLIF measurements in slender plumes

The purpose of this article was to assess the measurement uncertainty of the planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) method and, as much as possible, to devise corrections for predictable biases. More specifically, we considered the measurement of concentration maps in cross sections parallel to and normal to the axis of a slender plume containing Rhodamine 6G as a passive scalar tracer and transported by a turbulent shear flow. In addition to previously examined sources of error related to PLIF, we also investigated several unexplored ones. First, we demonstrated that errors would arise if the laser sheet thickness was comparable to or larger than the thickness of the instantaneous plume. We then investigated the effect of secondary fluorescence, which was attributed to absorption and re-emission of primary fluorescence by dye both within and outside the laser sheet. We found that, if uncorrected, this effect would contaminate the calibration as well as the instantaneous concentration measurements of the plume, and proposed methods for the correction of these errors and for identifying the instantaneous boundaries of the in-sheet dye regions