Multi-Class Support Vector Machine Classification for Detecting Alopecia Areata and Scalp Diseases

Alopecia Areata is a health condition marked by the absence of hair in specific regions, such as the scalp, face, and parts of the body. It occurs due to an autoimmune reaction where the body's immune system erroneously targets the hair follicles, leading to irregular hair loss patterns. It can affect people of all ages, genders, and ethnicities, and it is estimated to affect about 2% of the population worldwide. Timely identification and precise diagnosis of this condition are crucial in order to implement effective treatment strategies. The most common type of alopecia is alopecia areata (AA), which is typically detected and diagnosed using medical image processing models. In this study, we describe a unique method for image processing that incorporates a multiclass support vector machine classification approach. Our proposed methodology aims to attain accurate detection and categorization of a wide range of scalp issues, encompassing Alopecia Areata and other related conditions. The proposed approach entails capturing images of individuals with alopecia disease, enhancing the quality of the images through preprocessing techniques, and extracting distinctive features from scalp images using a range of image processing methods. Next, the extracted features are fed into a Multi-class SVM classifier, and a machine learning model is trained to achieve precise classification of the various conditions associated with alopecia areata. The evaluation of the proposed method using hair and scalp image databases demonstrates that the Multi-class SVM model achieves an accuracy of 89.3%, outperforming other models in terms of classification accuracy

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of ethanol fruit extract of Cherry Plum - Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.

Foods that have disease-preventing potential are designated as functional foods. Functional foods are foods that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. A large number of antioxidants, both nutritive and nonnutritive, occur in foods. The potency of antioxidants present in foods in vivo will depend not only on their levels in the foods but also on their bioavailability, that is, the extent to which the active forms of antioxidants are released from the food and absorbed through the gut. Most of phytochemicals, components of food, beverages, and herbal products are often reported in literature as “nutraceutical”, emphasizing their health promoting properties, including the prevention and treatment of pathologies like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neural disorders, and Alzheimer’s disease. Phytochemicals are virtually present in all the fruits, vegetables, pulses/legumes and grains which are commonly consumed, so it is quite easy to incorporate them in our daily diet. Current research studies were carried out for evaluating the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of ripe fruits of ethanol extract of Prunus cerasifera. Antioxidant activities such as DPPH˙ radical, Superoxide (O2.-) radical, ABTS●+ radical cation, phosphomolybdenum reduction and Fe3+ reduction were carried out for ripe fruits of ethanol extract of Prunus cerasifera. The maximum DPPH˙ radical and Superoxide (O2.-) radical scavenging activities were 82.11±0.42% and 46.26±0.28% at 120 µg/mL concentration and the IC50 values were 45.40 µg/mL and 129.70 µg/mL concentrations respectively. The maximum ABTS●+ radical cation scavenging activity was 88.64±0.43% at 30 µg/mL concentration and the IC50 value was 10.09 µg/mL concentration respectively. The maximum Mo6+ reduction and Fe3+ reduction were 86.29±0.29% and 79.82±0.20% at 120 µg/mL concentration and the RC50 values were 20.45 µg/mL and 24.21 µg/mL concentrations respectively. The antibacterial activity of ripe fruits of ethanol extract of Prunus cerasifera showed maximum zone of inhibition of 20 mm for Bacillus subtilis at 500 µg/mL concentration.  Keywords: Antioxidant, Superoxide (O2.-) radical, ABTS●+ radical cation, Fe3+ reduction and phenolic compounds

Enteropathogenicity of Plesiomonas Shigelloides

Plesiomonas Shigelloides has been implicated as an aetiological agent in sporadic cases and outbreaks of diarrhoea, and in food poisoning, in various parts of the world. (Schmid, Velaudapillai and Niles, 1954; Osada and Shibata, 1956; Vandepitte et al., 1957; Ueda, Yamasaki and Hori, 1963; Aldova, Rakovsky and Chovanova, 1966; Geizer, Kopecky and Aldova, 1966; Hori et al., 1966; Cooper and Brown, 1968; Pauova and Fukalova, 1968; von Graevenitz and Mensch, 1968; Winton, 1968; Sakazaki et al., 1971; Chatterjee and Neogy, 1972; Sanyal et al., 1972a and b; Zajc-Satler, Dragas and Kumelj, 1972; Bhat, Shantha Kumari and Rajan, 1974; Vandepitte, Makulu and Gatti, 1974; Sanyal, Singh and Sen, 1975; Jandl and Linke, 1976; Tsukamoto et al., 1978). P. shigelloides was isolated in pure culture from stools of patients with diarrhoea of otherwise unexplained origin, and more often from patients than from symptomless persons. Experimental evidence has not, however, been reported in support of its enteropathogenicity, except our preliminary communication on the activity of a few strains in the rabbit ileal-loop model (Saraswathi, Sharma and Sanyal, 1978). The present investigation was undertaken to examine its enterotoxicity and invasiveness

A SINGLE CASE REPORT ON HYPERAMMONEMIA INDUCED BY VALPROATE MONOTHERAPY WITHOUT HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION

Valproate is a commonly used mood stabilizer. One of the important and rare side effects of valproate is hyperammonemia leading to delirium and hepatic encephalopathy. Valproate-induced delirium is commonly mistaken for worsening of manic symptoms or psychosis. We hereby report a case of bipolar affective disorder who was on a therapeutic dose of valproate monotherapy developed altered mental status where we found elevated levels of plasma ammonia which decreased after the discontinuation of valproate and with normal levels of serum valproate, LFT's, EEG and imagings. This case report emphasises on the need to consider plasma ammonia levels in patients with altered mental status receiving valproate in addition to other investigations

Response of growth, yield and quality of small onion (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum don.) to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University-Water Soluble Fertilizers (TNAU-WSF)

Enhancing the food production for the growing world population has needed application of highly sustainable and efficient inputs to produce more food per unit of land. Hence, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu has produced Water soluble fertilizers (WSF) in its maiden attempt and it is necessary to optimize on different crops. Small onion is one of the most important vegetables in the Indian diet and it has high demand but low productivity. To enhance crop productivity and quality of small onions, the application of TNAU-WSF was taken up. A field experiment was laid out in a Randomized block design (RBD) incorporating 8 treatments comprising of application of RDF at100% NPK as TNAU WSF, soil test based application of 75%, 100%, 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with soil application of sulphur (S) and foliar spray of TNAU Liquid multi micronutrient (LMM) and without S and TNAU LMM and absolute control. Each treatment was replicated thrice with onion (CO 4). Soil test based application of 125% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF with sulphur (S) and TNAU LMM recorded significantly higher in plant height (54.01 cm), the number of leaves per bulb (8.56), leaf greenness (67.5 SPAD), root length (5.42 cm), polar bulb diameter (4.38 cm), equatorial bulb diameter (2.72 cm) fresh bulb weight (74.21 g), bulb yield (1751 t ha-1) and quality attributes like total soluble solids (TSS) (14.78 °Brix), ascorbic acid content (15.34 mg 100 g-1), pyruvic acid content (2.27 µmol g-1). However, soil test based application of 100% NPK ha-1 as TNAU-WSF was found to be an ideal rate to attain the economic target yield of the onion crop

(R1960) Connectedness and Compactness in Fuzzy Nano Topological Spaces via Fuzzy Nano Z Open Sets

In this paper, we study the notion of fuzzy nano Z connected spaces, fuzzy nano Z disconnected spaces, fuzzy nano Z compact spaces and fuzzy nano Z separated sets in fuzzy nano topological spaces. We also give some properties and theorems of such concepts with connectedness and compactness in fuzzy nano topological spaces

Socio-Economic and Occupational Status of The Fisherman Community in Thoothukudi District

This research study aims to examine the socioeconomic and occupational status of the fisherman community in the Thoothukudi district, located in the southern part of Tamil Nadu, India. The fishing community plays a vital role in the region's economy, contributing to the livelihoods of numerous households and supporting the local fishery industry. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather comprehensive data on various aspects of the fisherman community's socioeconomic conditions and occupational dynamics. A representative sample of fishermen and their families residing in different coastal villages within the Thoothukudi district will be selected for data collection. The quantitative phase involves administering structured surveys to collect data on demographic characteristics, education levels, household income, asset ownership, and access to social welfare programs. Additionally, information related to occupational factors such as fishing techniques, equipment, fishing practices, and income generated from fishing activities will be collected. The qualitative phase comprises in-depth interviews with a subset of participants to explore their perceptions, challenges, and aspirations related to their occupation and socio-economic circumstances. The qualitative data will provide a nuanced understanding of the fisherman community's lived experiences, social networks, and community support systems. The collected data will be analyzed using appropriate statistical methods and qualitative thematic analysis techniques. The findings of this research are expected to shed light on the current socioeconomic and occupational status of the fisherman community in the Thoothukudi district. The study will also identify key challenges and opportunities faced by the community, including issues related to poverty, education, healthcare, and infrastructure. The results of this study can inform policymakers, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations working towards the welfare and development of the fisherman community. By understanding the socio-economic and occupational dynamics, stakeholders can design targeted interventions and policies to enhance the livelihoods, well-being, and sustainable development of the fisherman community in the Thoothukudi district and similar coastal regions

Human Impact on Marine Life and Ecosystems: An Assessment of Conservation Strategies

Human activities have had a significant impact on marine life and ecosystems, necessitating the implementation of conservation strategies to mitigate further damage. This abstract examines various conservation strategies and their effectiveness in addressing the human impact on marine environments. Industrialization, overfishing, pollution, and climate change have all had serious consequences for marine life. Coral reefs, seagrass meadows, and marine biodiversity have been degraded to unprecedented levels. To protect marine ecosystems, conservation strategies such as marine protected areas (MPAs), sustainable fishing practises, and pollution control measures have been implemented. MPAs have emerged as powerful tools for safeguarding critical habitats and species. They increase biodiversity, improve fish stocks, and mitigate the effects of human activity. Their success, however, is dependent on proper design, enforcement, and long-term monitoring. Sustainable fishing practices, such as ecosystem-based management and the implementation of fishing quotas, aim to ensure the long-term viability of fish populations while lowering bycatch and habitat destruction. These strategies have shown promise in restoring fish stocks and maintaining ecosystem health. Pollution control measures, such as wastewater treatment and stricter regulations on industrial and shipping activities, have been critical in reducing marine pollution. However, more comprehensive approaches are required to address emerging threats such as microplastics and chemical contaminants. The study's primary goal is to identify the factors that influence the organic product market in India. A sample size of 201 is used for empirical research. Chennai, Tamil Nadu, is the sample location. Age, gender, marital status, educational level, occupation, and monthly income are the independent variables. Biological Data, Environmental Data and Socio-economic Data are the dependent variables. It is possible to conclude that there is a lack of a well-established market for organic products in India, despite the fact that organic products have a high export potential. Finally, conservation strategies are critical for mitigating human impacts on marine life and ecosystems. MPAs, sustainable fishing practises, and pollution control measures can all help restore and protect marine biodiversity. However, ongoing research, adaptive management, and international cooperation are required to develop and refine these strategies to address emerging challenges in marine conservation

Efficacy of early versus late postpartum DIPSI test in gestational diabetes mellitus women for follow up

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate if postpartum gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening can be performed during immediate post-delivery 72 hrs instead of six weeks postpartum for follow-up. Methods: Total 150 GDM patients were included. The sample size was calculated as 150 with Nimaster2.0 software. GDM patients are enrolled after meeting the exclusion criteria for the study. The GDM diagnosis was made by DIPSI test and treated as per guidelines. After delivery, the Dipsi test was done on PND-3 (PP1). Furthermore, all were kept on LSM irrespective of the glycaemic level DIPSI test was repeated in all Patients after 45 days (PP2). Results: All 150 patients had a DIPSI test on 3rd day post-partum (PP1) and repeat test at 45 days (PP2)., Of these, 60 patients (40%) showed negative DIPSI test on P1 and all remained in Group 1, with 63 patients having negative DIPSI test on PP2. 50 patients (33.3%) had blood glucose between 140-199 mg (Group 2) on PP1 and increased to 53 patients in PP2 in 45 days. 40 patients had diabetic (26.6%) value (Group 3) in PP1, and out of them 34 (22.6%) remained in group 3 in PP2 after 45 days post-partum. Conclusions: This pilot study shows that nearly 60% of the GDM patient have either IGT or diabetic value following delivery on 3rd day of PP1 and almost similar results in PP2. Hence, we can do the postpartum screening on the postpartum 3rd day and need not wait for 6 wks when more than 50% is lost for follow-up. This study shows among GDM 60% of them have underlying beta cell dysfunction

Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management: Advancements, Implications and Future Prospects

The present condition, challenges, and potential applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in human resource management (HRM) are all explored in this survey article. As an innovation, artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to completely revolutionize several facets of human resource management (HRM). Examining the usage of AI-powered tools and systems in different HR processes, the present situation with AI in HRM is examined. These encompass learning and development, performance management, employee engagement, and recruiting. The use of AI algorithms and machine learning approaches to automate regular HR operations, analyze vast amounts of employee data, and provide insightful data to aid decision-making is addressed in this article. However, integrating AI into HRM also poses a number of difficulties that must be resolved. Bias, privacy issues, and transparency are just a few of the ethical and legal ramifications of using AI in decision-making processes that are discussed in this survey. The study emphasizes how accountability and fairness must be maintained in AI systems by responsible design, oversight, and periodic evaluation. With an emphasis on job displacement and workforce reorganization, the possible influence of AI on the human workforce is also explored. To effectively traverse this change, strategies including work role redefinition, employee up skilling, and establishing a collaborative atmosphere between humans and AI are suggested. The possible advantages and breakthroughs that AI might bring to HRM practices are highlighted as the future perspectives of AI in HRM are examined. As new applications for AI in HRM, sentiment analysis, predictive analytics, intelligent decision support, and personalized employee experiences are all highlighted. In order to fully realize the promise of AI in HRM, the study underlines the significance of data infrastructure, data governance frameworks, and a data-driven culture. Overall, this survey study offers an in-depth review of the existing situation, difficulties, and prospects for AI in HRM. It aggregates current information, identifies research gaps, and gives practitioners and scholars new perspectives on how AI will fundamentally alter the way HRM activities are carried out in the future