Thermodynamics and kinetics of cashmere dyeing with metal complex dye

The optimal condition, kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption of the metal complex dye onto cashmere fibre havebeen studied in order to evaluate the improvement of cashmere qualities under industrial dyeing conditions with metalcomplex dye. The optimal conditions for dyeing cashmere fibre are obtained at 85°C temperature, 2-13% initial dyeconcentration, 3.5 pH and 50 min treatment time. By reducing the temperature and operating time, qualities of cashmerefibre such as luxury and softness improve, and damage to fibres decreases significantly. As a consequence, opportunities forenhancement of cashmere product quality and industrial efficiency due to mild industrial conditions and lower energy needsare attained. The adsorption kinetics of metal complex dye onto cashmere fibre follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic modelwith an activation energy of 77.33 kJ·mol-1. The Langmuir isotherm is found the best model for dyeing adsorption ontocashmere fibre. On the basis of thermodynamics, kinetics and diffusion models, both adsorption and diffusion are involvedin the process of dyeing cashmere, and an electrostatic attraction between dyeing molecules and cashmere fibre occurs

Elevated Ammonia Level as a Diagnostic Marker of Hepatic Encephalopathy

Objectives: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common and prognostic complication of cirrhosis. It may reflect either a reversible metabolic encephalopathy, brain atrophy, edema or any combination of these conditions. The mechanisms causing brain dysfunction in liver failure are still unknown. Ammonia is the best-characterized neurotoxin that precipitates HE. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the role of ammonia in HE. Methods: A hospital-based prospective study on HE was carried out at the First Central Hospital of Mongolia and the Chingeltei-Uul District Hospital in 2011-2013. Patients with hepatic failure were subdivided into the three following groups: (1) patients without HE, (2) patients with grade l-ll HE, (3) patients with grade lll-IV HE. We took liver function tests, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score and blood ammonia and correlated them with the severity of encephalopathy. The mean variables ±SD, p-values, and Pearson coefficients were calculated by SPSS 17.0. Results: The total sample size was 120 and the mean age was 36.8 ±15.4 years. Elevated ammonia level was observed in every stage of HE and increased by stage  (p< 0.0001) MELD score and elevated ammonia level had a strong positive correlation (r = 0.54, p = 0.0001). In patients with any infection, the ammonia level was higher (p< 0.0001) than other groups. Conclusion: Ammonia is one of the diagnostic biomarkers of HE

Study of the adsorption of reactive blue 50 on zero valent iron

 In this study, removal efficiency of the Reactive blue 50 and adsorption mechanism on the zero valent iron were investigated. Reactive blue 50 which is used to wool and cashmere dyeing were selected due its non-biodegradable and metabolic stability. Zero valent iron particle has been synthesized by chemical method. A systematic characterization of zero valent iron was performed using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and infrared spectrometer analysis. The optimal condition of adsorption was determined as initial reactive dye 50 concentration of 150 mg·L-1, zero valent iron mass of 0.2 g and solution pH of 6.0 at room temperature. At optimal condition, organic dye removal in a real wastewater sample from Tsombon Knit LLC was 99.5%.Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 15 (41), 2014, p21-2

Effect of various transition metal ions on mordanting stage of yak wool bleaching process

Yak wool is a smooth, warm, and durable natural protein-structured fiber that could compete with cashmere and other high-end protein-structured fibers on the market. However, it suffers from drawing consumers’ attention due to the lack of color due to the shortfall of the yak wool bleaching technology. Herein, we studied the applicability of various transition metals, i.e., copper (II), cobalt (II), iron (II), and nickel (II) salts, as a mordanting reagent based on their effect on the hydrogen peroxide decomposition reaction and the morphological and mechanical properties of the bleached yak wool with the presence of these transition metal. Our study suggested that the iron (II) ion was the most efficient reagent for the mordant bleaching since it provided less fiber damage, relatively high strength, and elongation to the bleached yak wool with good whiteness, while the Cu (II) was the least favorable agent for the yak wool bleaching process

Dispersion mapping of Carbon Monoxide (CO) derived Sentinel 5P and evaluation with LUR model during winter in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

In recent years, air pollution caused by coal combustion in Ulaanbaatar city is becoming a priority health concern for the city residents and many researchers are investigating its ingredient and impact on people\u27s health. This study aims to map Carbon Monoxide (CO) dispersion from remote sensing data during the winter season and evaluate it with the Land Use Regression (LUR) model result and fixed station measurements. Fixed station data from the National Agency for Meteorological and Environmental Monitoring (NAMEM) were utilized as a reference point for remote sensing data, a dependent variable for LUR model. Sentinel 5P TROPOMI CO data was correlated moderately-positive with fixed station measurements (R=0.56). And LUR model performance was relatively higher compared to Sentinel data or its determination coefficient R2=0.71, Adjusted R2=0.53, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)=0.84 mg/m3 and Mean Absolute Error (MAE)=0.7 mg/m3. These statistical evaluation coefficients are relatively lower than other similar studies, and authors have adduced it to a lack of reference data and satellite data spatial resolution. Finally, these two result maps were compared, which have shown lower correlation-positive or R=0.44. Even though these two map results are not exactly the same, Pearson’s correlation coefficient shows that both image results move in the same direction or they are moderately showing the same results

Hepatoprotective effects of Paeonia anomala against acetaminophen-induced cell damage through activation of anti-oxidant system

Overdose of the analgesic and anti-pyretic acetaminophen causes a potentially fatal hepatic necrosis due to a high toxicity and depletion of cellular defense mechanisms. In the present work, the potential hepatoprotective effect of the fruit extract of Paeonia anomala against acetaminophen induced cell damages was evaluated in cultured HepG2 cells and compared to the root extract. The fruit extract showed a potent protection against acetaminophen induced cell death, while the root extract showed a weak protection. Particularly, the pre-treatment of lower doses of the fruit extract, 10 μg/ mL and 20 μg/mL, significantly enhanced cell viability. The level of total glutathione in HepG2 cells treated with the fruit extract prior to the treatment of 40 mM acetaminophen was enhanced, however, the root extract failed for this activity. In addition, activities of quinone reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were increased and protein levels of glutathione peroxidase 1 and superoxide dismutase 1 were enhanced in the cells treated with 10-20 μg/mL of the fruit extract. Furthermore, the protein level of Nrf2, a crucial regulator for detoxifying and antioxidant systems, was increased by the fruit extract treatment. These results suggest that the fruit extract of P. anomala exerts protective effects against acetaminophen-induced toxicity through activation of key antioxidant systems.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v14i0.190 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p.5-1

Portable HEPA Filter Air Cleaner Use During Pregnancy and Children’s Behavior Problem Scores: A Secondary Analysis of the UGAAR Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Developmental exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution may impair children’s behaviors. Our objectives were to quantify the impact of reducing indoor PM using portable HEPA filter air cleaners during pregnancy on behavioral problems in children and to assess associations between indoor fine PM (PM2.5) concentrations during pregnancy and children’s behavior.   Methods This is a secondary analysis of a single-blind parallel-group randomized controlled trial in which we randomly assigned 540 non-smoking pregnant women to receive 1 or 2 HEPA filter air cleaners or no air cleaners. We administered the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC-3) to caregivers when children were a mean age of 23 months, and again at a mean age of 48 months. Primary outcomes were the four BASC-3 composite scales: externalizing problems, internalizing problems, adaptive skills, and the behavioral symptoms index. We imputed missing data using multiple imputation with chained equations. The primary analysis was by intention-to-treat. In a secondary analysis, we evaluated associations between BASC-3 composite indices and modeled trimester-specific PM2.5 concentrations inside residences.   Results We enrolled participants at a median of 11 weeks gestation. After excluding miscarriages, still births and neonatal deaths, our analysis included 478 children (233 control and 245 intervention). We observed no differences in the mean BASC-3 scores between treatment groups. An interquartile increase (20.1 µg/m3) in first trimester PM2.5 concentration was associated with higher externalizing problem scores (2.4 units, 95% CI: 0.7, 4.1), higher internalizing problem scores (2.4 units, 95% CI: 0.7, 4.0), lower adaptive skills scores (-1.5 units, 95% CI: -3.0, 0.0), and higher behavior symptoms index scores (2.3 units, 95% CI: 0.7, 3.9). Third trimester PM2.5 concentrations were also associated with some behavioral indices at age 4, but effect estimates were smaller. No significant associations were observed with PM2.5 concentrations during the second trimester or for any of the BASC indices when children were 2 years old.   Conclusion We found no benefit of reducing indoor particulate air pollution during pregnancy on parent-reported behaviors in children. Associations between indoor PM2.5 concentrations in the first trimester and behavioral scores among 4-year old children suggest that it may be necessary to intervene early in pregnancy to protect children, but these exploratory findings should be interpreted cautiously

The Further Exploitation of Coal Open Mine "Tavan Tolgoi"- Mongolia

Import 29/09/2010Základní informace o těţbě uhlí v Mongolsku. Výzkum moţnosti vyuţití plynulé technologie v úhelném lomu Tavantolgoi. Moţnosti technologického vyuţití kolesového rypadla v tomto lomu. Popis stávajícího lomu a nasazena technologie. Východy a nevýhody.Basic information about coal mining in Mongolia. Research the possibility of using fluid technology in the coal mine Tavantolgoi. Opportunities for technological use of bucket-wheel excavator in the quarry. Description of the existing quarry and deployed technology. Advantages and disadvantages.Prezenční542 - Institut hornického inženýrství a bezpečnostidobř

Assessment of a Solar PV System Installation on the Roof of a Building

In recent years, there has been a growing trend to install solar panels on the roofs of buildings in Ulaanbaatar. These systems play an important role in improving the independence of electricity supply and reducing urban greenhouse gas emissions. Some roof surfaces in urban buildings are unsuitable for installing solar systems. This study assessed the suitability of solar energy resources and installing solar power systems on the roofs of buildings in urban areas. It also identifies factors affecting the roof that are suitable for installing a solar electrical system. The 15 kW system installed on the roof of the 8th building of the MUST was designed using PVsol software, and the results were developed. The solar energy level on the roof of the building is Ri = 0.78, indicating that it is a highly suitable roof for installing solar power systems