Relationship between task performance, organizational citizenship behaviour, organizational justice and career advancement among primary school teachers

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of two independent variables on teachers’ career advancement (CA) from all primary schools which are located in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia, which is Kedah. In particular, this study investigated the effect of task performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on teacher’s extrinsic CA (number of promotion); and teachers’ intrinsic CA (career satisfaction). In addition, the study also examined the role of organizational justice (OJ) as a moderator in the relationship between task performance and OCB to each dimension of teacher’s CA. This study used the simple random sampling technique. This is to ensure that every teacher from all primary schools in Kedah has a chance or probability of being selected as sample subjects. This study had utilized the dyadic approach. Therefore, two sets of questionnaire had been designed in this study. The first set of questionnaire (Teachers Survey Set) is addressed to the randomly selected teachers. Meanwhile, the second set of questionnaire (Management Survey Set) is specifically addressed to Headmasters/Senior Assistants as the school’s representatives. Data on CA, teachers’ task performance, teachers’ OCB and OJ were obtained from teachers’ perspective through the Teachers Survey Set. At the same time, data on the teachers’ task performance and teachers’ OCB were obtained from the perspective of Headmaster/Senior Assistant through the Management Survey Set. All data was gathered through mail survey method from 390 paired respondents. Results show that: 1) self-ratings of teachers’ task performance was significantly related to teachers’ career satisfaction; and 2) superior-ratings of teachers’ OCB was significantly related to teachers’ career satisfaction. In addition, the findings indicate that self-rating of teachers’ OCB was not significantly related to teachers’ extrinsic CA (number of promotion) as well as teachers’ intrinsic CA (career satisfaction). Also, the findings show that superior-ratings of teachers’ task performance was not significantly related to teachers’ extrinsic CA (number of promotion) as well as teachers’ intrinsic CA (career satisfaction). Apart from that, this study finds that interactional justice, distributive justice and procedural justice were significantly interacted with certain types of teachers’ performance (task performance, OCB) in determining teachers’ extrinsic and intrinsic CA. The findings of this study have contributed to current knowledge of CA from job performance perspective. The results of this study may help the Ministry of Education (MOE) to improve the organizational career planning and also can help individuals to manage their career. Finally, the thesis discusses the implications of the study to theory and practice; limitations, and recommendations for future research

The development model of performance appraisal satisfaction in relation to organizational justice: evidences from public higher educational institution

Performance appraisal (PA) plays a vital role in the development and evaluation process of all employees. Thus, the satisfaction of employees towards PA implementation is essential to be explored.Given that, the components of PA satisfaction model may become salient to be investigated.Hence, this study aims to investigate the effects of employee’s perceptions of organizational justice (OJ) on PA satisfaction. The effects of four dimensions of OJ on PA satisfaction have been examined.The differences in perceived OJ and PA satisfaction between the academic and non-academic staff have been revealed. This study utilized the survey (questionnaire) method.Data were gathered from 340 respondents (academic and non-academic staff) from one of the public higher educational institution in Malaysia.Results presented a significant difference in PA satisfaction between the academic and non-academics staff.However, no significant difference in perceived OJ existed between the two categories of staff.There was a strong correlation between overall justice and PA satisfaction (r=.832, p=.000).In detail, distributed justice (r=.628, p=.000), and procedural justice (r=.728, p=.000) were positively and significantly correlated with PA satisfaction.Also, interpersonal justice (r=.793, p=.000), and informational justice (r=.790, p=.000) were positively and significantly correlated with PA satifaction. Therefore, all justice dimensions including distributive, procedural, interpersonal and informational justice should be well-enforced in the public higher educational institution. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed

Behavior intention for athlete post retirement life using Acylic Behavior Change Diagram (ABCD)

Athletes quality of life is very important to be look at. The reason is that the transition they experience is different from other people because most athletes experiencing a drastic change of routine once they retired. And this could lead the psychological problem for example having anxiety, nervousness and worry about their life without sport. With recent challenges due to the recent pandemic of Covid-19, the chances to escalate athlete exit from sport voluntary or involuntary is there. Using JAMOVI, Therefore, this study adopted Acyclic Behaviour Change Diagram (ABCD) to proposing the behaviour intervention and processes of transition in understanding the flows of voluntary and involuntary retirement in sport. The current study contributes toward the literature in understanding the diagram and flow of athlete retirement which, many researches before this were only proposing a theoretical framework and lacking in providing detail workflow processes

Complaints and compliments assessment in developing service delivery measurement

Excellent healthcare services delivered to patients would not necessarily entail an excellent patient service fulfillment, fulfill patient expectations, and attain high satisfaction levels. Hence, patient satisfaction is multifactorial and difficult to measure. Appliance of satisfaction model, service dissatisfaction and satisfaction feedback are able to translate the non-linear attributes for a more accurate service dissatisfaction and satisfaction feedback assessment. Service recipients of experienced Inpatient and Outpatient (IOPs) can be translated into levels of compliments and complaints to describe degrees of patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction, respectively. Compliments and complaints voiced by patients should be taken seriously. As a result, the translation of service satisfaction and service dissatisfaction based on compliments and complaints from patients in the form of satisfaction index SCi and dissatisfaction index SCa introduced a new theoretical concept of concurrent and balance measurement in evaluating customer (VOC) or VOPs feedback. In normal practice, the service improvement is usually based on complaints or dissatisfaction aspect, but the compliments or satisfaction aspect on the same service delivery was always neglected. In this study, the formulation which was based on a non-linear assessment, not only amplified the effectiveness in communicating patients’ compliments and complaints in a more receptive manner but also corresponded with Kano model

Using Confidence Interval Based Estimation of Relevance (CIBER) to Determine Women's Emotion and Perception on Malaysia Road Environment During COVID-19

Road environment has been one of the factors contributing to road accidents. Research on the diversity of road users, condition and environment was discussed widely but in general. In Malaysia road environment is consider as one of the important factors in national agendas of Critical National Information Infrastructure (CNII). As women play a greater role in the population growth of a country, therefore, it is considered that women hold a great responsibility for nation sustainability. This paper focuses on road environment that centered on women's perception with the role of emotion as a predictor. This research also entails that emotions craft escapism which gives soothing sensation and relaxation on driving. Data collected via online google form and specifically targeted for female drivers. 93 respondents were able to participate in the survey. Results indicate that R2 equals to 0.27 from 99% confidence interval. The results predicted that emotions explained a moderate part in determining women's perception on-road environment. Meanwhile, respondents with negative emotions can separate their cognitive process, and does not affect their perception. The findings speculate that positive emotions have association towards perception, meaning that cognitive is relatively influenced by emotions, which in turn may affect on one’s judgment. This paper contributes to women's sentiments on the Malaysian road environment research using Confidence Interval Based Estimation of Relevance (CIBER). Current research highlights that CIBER technique is efficient in predicting the behavior and use for behavior modification in the future, and it is significant for policy revision and recommendation. This research contributes to the body of knowledge on escapism as means to perceive the road environment. limitation of this research is that it is focal to women and data collected during the pandemic may disparate from other events or situations. Finally, this research suggests that future behavior interventions among road users at the national level were appropriate to establish

R S S Task Performance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as Predictors of Career Satisfaction KHALID, SHAIFUL ANNUAR

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Antecedents to Intention to Adopt Mobile Learning: A Moderating Model

Due to the availability of technology, most of the population worldwide has mobile access. Most mobile users use it for making calls or sending messages to friends and family members and are reluctant to use other advanced features such as accessing web pages and social forums. This study has extended the UTAT model to examine the factors (i.e., performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence) that affect attitudes toward mobile learning. Also, the study examines the moderating roles of perceived risk. The study collected 355 responses from SMEs’ employees in Karachi using a self-administered questionnaire. We used Smart PLS for data analysis and found that “performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social expectancy significantly affect mobile learning.” However, the effect of effort expectancy is negative. Also, the study results support the moderating roles of perceived risk. Based on the results, we suggest that SMEs must motivate employees to make more efforts to use mobile for learning. Many consumers are still concerned about the risk elements of using mobile for learning. Policymakers and managers must counsel employees that the risk factors have reduced considerably due to technological advancements. However, they may not share their information with non-reputable web pages and unknown numbers

The Influences of Effectiveness, Competitive Advantages and Market Accessibility on SME Performance in Malaysia

The advent of online business has changed the pattern of doing business recently. This circumstance puts more pressure on SMEs to sustain their position in the fiercely competitive market. Unlike multinational companies, SMEs have several inevitable weaknesses in terms of planning strategy, technology exposure as well as resources that serve as a stumbling block to their better and competitive performance. Thus, online business appears to be a new medium to enhance the performance. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the influences of effectiveness, competitive advantage and market accessibility on SME performance in Malaysia. This study uses cross sectional study which focuses on SMEs that are engaged in online businesses. 200 questionnaires were distributed particularly to SMEs in food and beverages (F&B); apparel and textile (A&T); and health and cosmetic (H&C) industries in Malaysia. Results indicate that market accessibility is the only variable which has an influence on entrepreneurs in online businesses within SMEs performance (β=.48, p<.01). This study can shed light on SME performance to the government. For example policy makers can enhance programs and initiatives in the SMEs Master Plan for the year 2012-2020. This study also helps the SMEs avail themselves of the online business opportunity in enhancing their performance. Therefore, the implication of market accessibility in influencing SME performance is discussed in this study

Religio-spiritual insights affecting the attitude toward advertising during religious festival: comparison between an irritating and a religious advertisement / Insights religioso-espirituais que afetam a atitude em relação à publicidade durante festas religiosas: comparação entre uma propaganda irritante e uma religiosa

Abstract Purpose: This study aims to measure the religio-spiritual insights of consumers during religious festivals and compare the results considering the stimuli of two advertisements, i.e., religious and irritating advertisements. When the religio-spiritual insights of the consumers are neglected in the designing of a TV advertisement for a religious festival, in particular, it can lead to irritation and affect the consumers’ attitude toward advertising. Based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA), the mediating effect of religio-spiritual insights was measured between consumers’ attitude toward advertising and independent variables (irritation, credibility, information, good for the economy, and entertainment). Originality/value: This study uses the newly developed instrument of religio-spiritual insights to measure their influence on consumers’ attitudes toward advertising and confirms the mediating effect of religio-spiritual insights between the consumers’ attitude and other constructs, such as credibility, entertainment, information, irritation, and good for the economy. Design/methodology/approach: Two hundred and fifty-five household consumers were selected using the non-probability convenience sampling techniques to collect the responses using the survey method. Each respondent was asked to fill out two questionnaires after watching the attached stimulus advertisement, i.e., one religious and one irritating advertisement. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was used to test the hypothesis based on the bootstrapping test. Findings: The results show that religio-spiritual insights significantly mediate attitude toward advertising and other constructs when there was a religious advertisement that depicted religious cues, symbols, and visuals. Contrarily, a non-significant effect of irritation was identified on religio-spiritual insights when there was an irritating advertisement. Resumo Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo mensurar os insights religioso-espirituais dos consumidores durante festas religiosas e comparar os resultados considerando os estímulos de duas propagandas: uma propaganda religiosa e uma irritante. Quando os insights religioso-espirituais dos consumidores são negligenciados na concepção de um anúncio de TV para um festival religioso, em particular, isso pode levar à irritação e afetar a atitude dos consumidores em relação à propaganda. Com base na teoria da ação racional (TAR), o efeito mediador dos insights religioso-espirituais foi medido entre a atitude em relação à propaganda e as variáveis independentes (irritação, credibilidade, informação, bom para a economia e entretenimento). Originalidade/valor: Este estudo usa o instrumento recém-desenvolvido de insights religioso-espirituais para medir sua influência na atitude em relação à propaganda e confirma o efeito mediador dos insights religioso-espiri-tuais entre a atitude dos consumidores e outros construtos, como credibilidade, entretenimento, informação, irritação e bom para a economia. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Duzentos e cinquenta e cinco consumidores domésticos foram selecionados usando a técnica de amostragem de conveniência não probabilística para coletar as respostas por meio do método de survey. Cada respondente preencheu dois questionários após assistir ao anúncio de estímulo em anexo, um anúncio religioso e um anúncio irritante. A abordagem de mínimos quadrados parciais – modelagem de equações estruturais (partial least squares – structural equation modeling [PLS-SEM]) – foi usada para testar as hipóteses com base no teste de bootstrapping. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que insights religioso-espirituais mediaram significativamente a relação entre a atitude em relação à propaganda e outros construtos quando havia um anúncio religioso que retratava sinais, símbolos e visuais religiosos. Contrariamente, um efeito não significativo de irritação foi identificado nos insights religioso-espirituais quando havia um anúncio irritante

The Optimization Concept of Service Fulfillment Measurement: A Research on Surgery Care

This paper presents an optimization concept of service fulfillment measurement. Service delivery is assumed free from constraint, while service fulfillment is expected to achieve by maximizing the customer preferences. As the constraints are considered, the customer preferences are developed in a form of new model to set the optimum level of variables. The concepts will be further improved for medium and large scale optimization, which capable to evaluate the customer requirement in Kano-QFD integration. The results were also validated based on Kano Model and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is integrated for patient attribute and service attribute prioritization. The new non-linear Kano-QFD service satisfaction model has been developed, tested and validated with Kano model to facilitate the analysis and decision making for better service delivery improvement