The influence of carbohydrate content and type on gastrointestinal tolerance during endurance cycling

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of carbohydrate ingestion on cycling time trial performance and gastrointestinal tolerance during endurance exercise. Eight trained male cyclists (age: 25 6 years old, height: 180 4 cm, weight: 77 9 kg, and VO2max: 62 6 ml/kg/min) completed the study. Subjects consumed either a placebo beverage (PL), a high glucose beverage (HG: 1.5 g/min), a moderate glucose beverage (MG: 1.0 g/min), or a glucose and fructose beverage (1.5 g/min; 2:1 ratio) during approximately 3 hours of exercise, which consisted of 2 hours of constant load cycling (55% Wmax) followed by a computer-simulated 30- km time-trial. Gastrointestinal distress was assessed every 30 minutes during the first 2 hours of cycling and throughout the time-trial, and performance was measured by time to complete the time-trial. Treatment differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with simple contrasts performed between individual treatments. Frequencies of gastrointestinal distress symptoms were calculated. Time-trial performance was improved with GF consumption compared to PL and HG (p\u3c0.05), but not versus MG. GI distress scores were generally low throughout all trials, and were not significantly affected by the treatments. In conclusion, cycling performance was improved with GF ingestion in comparison to HG, but differences in performance could not be attributed to decreased GI complaints with GF. Performance in the GF trial was not significantly faster than MG, so it is not clear whether GF beverages improve performance in comparison to recommended doses of glucose alone

The Affective Impacts of History Trips on State School History Students from Key Stages 3 to 5

This study investigates impacts of secondary school history trips on students, as well as barriers that teachers and other education providers face when planning and taking such trips. There is a practical disparity between the acknowledgement of the benefits of educational trips, and the enabling of schools to provide such experiences. This study particularly focuses on the use of Generic Learning Outcomes (MLA, 2007) to measure student and teacher experience of trips. This enables the data to focus not on academic impact, but to analyse the affective impacts on students, to interrogate the holistic worth of secondary school history trips. Fourteen teachers, 237 students, and sixteen museum educators were interviewed and surveyed about their views and experiences of school history trips. All questions are based around the Generic Learning Outcomes and analysed using the principles underpinning them: that learning experiences are both academic and affective. A mixed method use of thematic analysis, alongside the theoretical framework of the contexts of text production, influence and practice are used to analyse the data collected. This study shows that there are indeed affective impacts and benefits to both teachers and students taking part in secondary school history trips. These include long term impacts such as influencing later studies or a love of travel, as well as building social and emotional intelligence through the experiences that the students and teachers partook in. The study also identifies the barriers that teachers and visitor-sites face when attempting to enable such trips, namely time and money. Recommendations are given as to how schools, museums, sites, and the government can move forward in the future to maximise the potential of school trips in a more consistent way

Teaching Reading Comprehension for the Development of Literacy Skills in Children with Special Educational Needs (SEN) in Mainstream Schools: Pedagogy, Practices and Perceptions

The Department of Education and Science (DES) in Ireland advocates additional help for pupils with Special Educational Needs (SEN) to be provided where possible in the mainstream classroom setting (DES, Circular SP ED 02/05). In order to facilitate all learners within this inclusive context, I felt that it was necessary as a teacher to embrace inclusive strategies in my teaching. As I have a special interest in the teaching of literacy to children with reading difficulties, this study explored Teaching Reading Comprehension for the Development of Literacy Skills in Children with Special Educational Needs (SEN) in Mainstream Schools from the perspectives of pedagogy, practices and perceptions. The aim of my research is to build a holistic picture of the system of teaching reading comprehension at both home and school as it currently exists in order to interpret its strengths and challenges according to principals, mainstream class teachers, learning support teachers, children with SEN and parents of children with SEN, and ultimately to enable schools to adapt their pedagogical practice to support inclusion of such children. The research began with a survey of relevant literature describing some of the models of reading and examined current theoretical underpinnings in relation to practice in the teaching of reading comprehension strategies. An interpretative, qualitative research design was employed with data collection from interviews and documentary evidence obtained from schools to provide evidence. My research was conducted across five mainstream primary schools in Ireland. Twenty participants were involved in the study. This cohort included a principal teacher, a mainstream class teacher, a learning support teacher and a parent from each of the five participating schools. Data was also collected from pupils through access to School Self Evaluation (SSE) documentation and teacher’s reports. The criteria for inclusion of parents was that they should have a child in the particular school who presented with a reading disability. This study revealed that pupils presenting with SEN could have their literacy skills enhanced in the mainstream classroom by using inclusive strategies to develop their reading comprehension ability. The study also proposes best practice in the pedagogical application of the theoretical models underpinning the process of reading based on my research findings

Postfeminism, Ambivalence and the Mother in Lynne Ramsay’s We Need to Talk about Kevin (2011)

Despite concerns that, with the rise of popular feminism, we may be post-postfeminism, a postfeminist sensibility is “both intensifying and becoming hegemonic.” What is notable about this renewed postfeminist sensibility is its “turn to interiority,” interpellating subjects through an affective script of happiness and positivity. The mother is a central subject in this construction; she is called forth to display blissful joy and happiness at all times. In contradistinction to the demand for maternal happiness, this article suggests that maternal ambivalence is an emotional state where the hegemony of postfeminism’s affects can be registered and critiqued. Lynne Ramsay’s We Need to Talk about Kevin (2011) illuminates the feminist political strategies at work in the representation of maternal ambivalence. Reading the film’s mother through ambivalence, this article argues that We Need to Talk about Kevin offers a radical departure from postfeminism’s affective orientation towards maternal happiness

Initial development and testing of a novel foam-based pressure sensor for wearable sensing

BACKGROUND: This paper provides an overview of initial research conducted in the development of pressure-sensitive foam and its application in wearable sensing. The foam sensor is composed of polypyrrole-coated polyurethane foam, which exhibits a piezo-resistive reaction when exposed to electrical current. The use of this polymer-coated foam is attractive for wearable sensing due to the sensor's retention of desirable mechanical properties similar to those exhibited by textile structures. METHODS: The development of the foam sensor is described, as well as the development of a prototype sensing garment with sensors in several areas on the torso to measure breathing, shoulder movement, neck movement, and scapula pressure. Sensor properties were characterized, and data from pilot tests was examined visually. RESULTS: The foam exhibits a positive linear conductance response to increased pressure. Torso tests show that it responds in a predictable and measurable manner to breathing, shoulder movement, neck movement, and scapula pressure. CONCLUSION: The polypyrrole foam shows considerable promise as a sensor for medical, wearable, and ubiquitous computing applications. Further investigation of the foam's consistency of response, durability over time, and specificity of response is necessary

The Materiality of Wearable Computers – Craft and Authentic User Experience

This paper presents work undertaken as part of an ongoing research programme into wearable computers and the processes for designing personal digital artifacts that exhibit authenticity. Authenticity is discussed in its associations with contemporary craft and as a means by which tools may cease disappearing in the obsessively rational quest for the 'invisible computer' and instead become more meaningful for users as objects in interaction. Materiality is arrived at as a possible basis for further work into agentive design methodologies

Roundtable: Women's Authorship and Adaptation in Contemporary Television

This roundtable took place in summer 2023 and sought to capture current thinking on women’s authorship and adaptation in contemporary television. The roundtable brought together emerging and more established scholars from the US and the UK, including Elizabeth Alsop, Jacqueline Johnson, Stefania Marghitu, Isabel C. Pinedo, and Theresa Trimmel, and was moderated by Sarah Louise Smyth. While all scholars note a significant “surgence” in women’s television authorship, as many women showrunners, writers, producers, and directors are becoming highly visible in the streaming era, there are still a number of barriers at work: whiteness continues to be extremely pervasive; notions of taste and quality continue to undervalue women’s work; and the SAG-AFTRA and WGA strikes (ongoing during this roundtable’s discussion) disproportionately impact cisgender women and BIPOC, trans and non-binary people. This roundtable hopes to generate more discussions in these areas and open up further avenues for research

The Materiality of Wearable Computers – Craft and Authentic User Experience

This paper presents work undertaken as part of an ongoing research programme into wearable computers and the processes for designing personal digital artifacts that exhibit authenticity. Authenticity is discussed in its associations with contemporary craft and as a means by which tools may cease disappearing in the obsessively rational quest for the 'invisible computer' and instead become more meaningful for users as objects in interaction. Materiality is arrived at as a possible basis for further work into agentive design methodologies

Atypical presentation of an oesophageal carcinoma with metastases to the left buttock: a case report

© 2009 Smyth et al; licensee Cases Network Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

Novel DNA methylation profiles associated with key gene regulation and transcription pathways in blood and placenta of growth-restricted neonates

BB/H012494/1/ Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Counci