12 research outputs found
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Postconcussive symptom overreporting in Iraq/Afghanistan Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury.
A comprehensive evaluation, including the assessment of neurobehavioral symptoms, has been instituted at the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system to address the large number of Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) Veterans returning with mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs). The Validity-10 is measure of symptom overreporting embedded within the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, a component of the comprehensive evaluation that assesses postconcussive symptom severity. The Validity-10 is composed of 10 unlikely/low-frequency items and a validated cutoff score to identify postconcussive symptom overreporting. We examined the items and cutoff used in the initial development and validation study of the Validity-10 through retrospective chart reviews of 331 treatment-seeking Veterans who sustained an mTBI. The Validity-10 exhibited significant relationships with psychiatric variables, VA service connection, and neuropsychological performance validity (all p < 0.01), but nonsignificant relationships with demographic and injury variables (all p > 0.05). Furthermore, the Validity-10 modestly predicted neuropsychological performance validity test failure over and above psychiatric comorbidities and VA service connection. The present study supports the use of the Validity-10 to assess symptom validity in treatment-seeking OIF/OEF Veterans with a history of mTBI
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Postconcussive symptom overreporting in Iraq/Afghanistan Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury.
A comprehensive evaluation, including the assessment of neurobehavioral symptoms, has been instituted at the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system to address the large number of Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) Veterans returning with mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs). The Validity-10 is measure of symptom overreporting embedded within the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, a component of the comprehensive evaluation that assesses postconcussive symptom severity. The Validity-10 is composed of 10 unlikely/low-frequency items and a validated cutoff score to identify postconcussive symptom overreporting. We examined the items and cutoff used in the initial development and validation study of the Validity-10 through retrospective chart reviews of 331 treatment-seeking Veterans who sustained an mTBI. The Validity-10 exhibited significant relationships with psychiatric variables, VA service connection, and neuropsychological performance validity (all p < 0.01), but nonsignificant relationships with demographic and injury variables (all p > 0.05). Furthermore, the Validity-10 modestly predicted neuropsychological performance validity test failure over and above psychiatric comorbidities and VA service connection. The present study supports the use of the Validity-10 to assess symptom validity in treatment-seeking OIF/OEF Veterans with a history of mTBI
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Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Burden Moderates the Relationship Between Cognitive Functioning and Suicidality in Iraq/Afghanistan-Era Veterans
ObjectivesSuicidal ideation (SI) is highly prevalent in Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and multiple mTBIs impart even greater risk for poorer neuropsychological functioning and suicidality. However, little is known about the cognitive mechanisms that may confer increased risk of suicidality in this population. Thus, we examined relationships between neuropsychological functioning and suicidality and specifically whether lifetime mTBI burden would moderate relationships between cognitive functioning and suicidal ideation.MethodsIraq/Afghanistan-era Veterans with a history of mTBI seeking outpatient services (N = 282) completed a clinical neuropsychological assessment and psychiatric and postconcussive symptom questionnaires.ResultsIndividuals who endorsed SI reported more severe post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and postconcussive symptoms and exhibited significantly worse memory performance compared to those who denied SI. Furthermore, mTBI burden interacted with both attention/processing speed and memory, such that poorer performance in these domains was associated with greater likelihood of SI in individuals with a history of three or more mTBIs. The pattern of results remained consistent when controlling for PTSD, depression, and postconcussive symptoms.ConclusionsSlowed processing speed and/or memory difficulties may make it challenging to access and use past experiences to solve current problems and imagine future outcomes, leading to increases in hopelessness and SI in veterans with three or more mTBIs. Results have the potential to better inform treatment decisions for veterans with history of multiple mTBIs. (JINS, 2019, 25, 79-89)
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Neuropsychological performance in treatment-seeking Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury.
IntroductionClinical neuropsychological presentation of treatment-seeking Veterans with a remote history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is widely variable. This manuscript seeks to better characterize cognitive concerns in the post-acute phase following mTBI and to identify the neuropsychological profiles of a large sample of clinically referred Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) Veterans with a history of mTBI and current cognitive complaints. We hypothesized that a minority of cases would exhibit valid and widespread neuropsychological deficits.MethodRetrospective chart reviews of neuropsychological testing and mental health symptoms and diagnoses were conducted on 411 clinically referred OEF/OIF/OND Veterans with a history of mTBI. Groups were created based on scores on performance validity measures and based on overall neuropsychological performance.ResultsA total of 29.9% of the sample performed below normative expectations on at least one performance validity test (PVT). Of those Veterans performing adequately on PVTs, 60% performed within normal limits on virtually all neuropsychological measures administered, leaving only 40% performing below expectations on two or more measures. Mood and neurobehavioral symptoms were significantly elevated in Veterans performing below cutoff on PVTs compared to Veterans who performed within normative expectations or those with valid deficits. Neurobehavioral symptoms were significantly correlated with mental health symptom reports but not with injury variables.ConclusionsIn summary, in a large sample of clinically referred Veterans with persistent cognitive complaints after mild TBI, a third demonstrated invalid clinical neuropsychological testing, and, of those performing at or above cutoff on PVTs, over half performed within normative expectations across most neuropsychological tests administered. Results highlight the importance of objective assessment of cognitive functioning in this population as subjective reports do not correspond to objective assessment in the majority of cases
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Neuropsychological performance in treatment-seeking Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury.
IntroductionClinical neuropsychological presentation of treatment-seeking Veterans with a remote history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is widely variable. This manuscript seeks to better characterize cognitive concerns in the post-acute phase following mTBI and to identify the neuropsychological profiles of a large sample of clinically referred Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) Veterans with a history of mTBI and current cognitive complaints. We hypothesized that a minority of cases would exhibit valid and widespread neuropsychological deficits.MethodRetrospective chart reviews of neuropsychological testing and mental health symptoms and diagnoses were conducted on 411 clinically referred OEF/OIF/OND Veterans with a history of mTBI. Groups were created based on scores on performance validity measures and based on overall neuropsychological performance.ResultsA total of 29.9% of the sample performed below normative expectations on at least one performance validity test (PVT). Of those Veterans performing adequately on PVTs, 60% performed within normal limits on virtually all neuropsychological measures administered, leaving only 40% performing below expectations on two or more measures. Mood and neurobehavioral symptoms were significantly elevated in Veterans performing below cutoff on PVTs compared to Veterans who performed within normative expectations or those with valid deficits. Neurobehavioral symptoms were significantly correlated with mental health symptom reports but not with injury variables.ConclusionsIn summary, in a large sample of clinically referred Veterans with persistent cognitive complaints after mild TBI, a third demonstrated invalid clinical neuropsychological testing, and, of those performing at or above cutoff on PVTs, over half performed within normative expectations across most neuropsychological tests administered. Results highlight the importance of objective assessment of cognitive functioning in this population as subjective reports do not correspond to objective assessment in the majority of cases
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Faulty Adaptation to Repeated Face-Name Associative Pairs in Mild Cognitive Impairment is Predictive of Cognitive Decline
ObjectiveWe examined BOLD (Blood-Oxygen-Level Dependent) activity reduction upon stimuli repetition of face-name pairs in older adults with amnestic (aMCI) and non-amnestic (naMCI) mild cognitive impairment diagnosed using a comprehensive actuarial method, and relationships between activity reduction and behavioral indices.MethodTwenty-nine cognitively healthy older adults (CHs) and 20 with MCI (n = 12 aMCI; n = 8 naMCI) underwent functional MRI event-related imaging, a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, and 1-year follow-up exam. During scanning, participants were shown face-name pairs 1-3 times and administered a post-scan recognition task.ResultsThe MCI group demonstrated less activity reduction upon repetition of face-name pairs within the MTL and other regions compared to CHs. Less activity reduction was associated with poorer Time 1 neuropsychological performance for the CH group and poorer post-scan recognition performance for the MCI group. Less activity reduction was related to poorer neuropsychological performance at Time 2 in the MCI group. Within MCIs, those with aMCI demonstrated less activity reduction upon repetition of face-name pairs than those with naMCI.ConclusionsDistinct patterns of brain activity were identified in the MCI group compared to CHs, and aMCI compared to naMCI. Activated regions were not restricted to traditional memory circuitry, implicating a wider network of regions involved in the encoding of associative tasks. Findings add support to the hypothesis that lack of reduced BOLD activity reflects "faulty adaptation" to repeated stimuli and that reduction in activity represents successful encoding processes. They also provide further support for use of the face-name paradigm as a marker of prodromal Alzheimer's disease, and method to distinguish between MCI subtypes