Self-Employment and Risk Preference.

Business Performance; Risk Preference; Self-Employment

Self-Employment and Risk Preference

We explore the relationship between self-employment and attitudes towards financial risk using individual level data drawn from the U.S. Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) and the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Both surveys include questions, which enable us to construct measures of an individual´s willingness to take risk allowing us to explore the implications of interpersonal differences in risk preference for the probability and success of self-employment. Our empirical findings suggest that willingness to take financial risk is positively associated with both the incidence and success of self-employment. We find that this relationship is particularly pronounced in cases where the individual actually started the business. Finally, we exploit the panel aspect of the PSID and find evidence consistent with a causal relationship between attitudes towards risk and self-employment with attitudes towards risk measured over 1969-1972 (i.e. prior to becoming self-employed) having a statistically significant positive influence on the probability of self-employment in 1996

Relativistic microburst storm characteristics: Combined satellite and ground-based observations

We report a comparison of Solar Anomalous Magnetospheric Particle Explorer detected relativistic electron microbursts and short-lived subionospheric VLF perturbations termed FAST events, observed at Sodankyl Geophysical Observatory, Finland, during 2005. We show that only strong geomagnetic disturbances can produce FAST events, which is consistent with the strong link between storms and relativistic microbursts. Further, the observed FAST event perturbation decay times were consistent with ionospheric recovery from bursts of relativistic electron precipitation. However, the one-to-one correlation in time between microbursts and FAST events was found to be very low (similar to 1%). We interpret this as confirmation that microbursts have small ionospheric footprints and estimate the individual precipitation events to be <4 km radius. In contrast, our study strongly suggests that the region over which microbursts occur during storm event periods can be at least similar to 90 degrees in longitude (similar to 6 h in magnetic local time). This confirms earlier estimates of microburst storm size, suggesting that microbursts could be a significant loss mechanism for radiation belt relativistic electrons during geomagnetic storms. Although microbursts are observed at a much higher rate than FAST events, the ground-based FAST event data can provide additional insight into the conditions required for microburst generation and the time variation of relativistic precipitation

Potentials and Limitations of Educational Videos on YouTube for Science Communication

YouTube has become a complement learning platform which fosters learning on demand with educational videos. Educational videos are understood as a fruitful strategy to enhance the user’s knowledge and are applied in schools, as well as in science communication, e.g., to inform about climate change. This paper discusses two perspectives which become visible in the current research literature on educational videos on YouTube. First, studies assume that watching educational videos changes the attitude or behavior of the recipients. Second, studies question whether educational videos have a higher impact than other information materials such as texts. We frame both perspectives with regard to theories from media effect studies and learning concepts from education science and discuss their conclusions for educational videos on YouTube. We will first focus on students as a target group for educational videos, but in the further course, we will discuss the results for the public as targeted group of science communication as well. In the final section we will summarize which potentials and limitations educational videos have for educational purposes in science communication

Metabolic engineering of the purine biosynthetic pathway in Corynebacterium glutamicum results in increased intracellular pool sizes of IMP and hypoxanthine

Background: Purine nucleotides exhibit various functions in cellular metabolism. Besides serving as building blocks for nucleic acid synthesis, they participate in signaling pathways and energy metabolism. Further, IMP and GMP represent industrially relevant biotechnological products used as flavor enhancing additives in food industry. Therefore, this work aimed towards the accumulation of IMP applying targeted genetic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Results: Blocking of the degrading reactions towards AMP and GMP lead to a 45-fold increased intracellular IMP pool of 22 mumol gCDW-1. Deletion of the pgi gene encoding glucose 6-phosphate isomerase in combination with the deactivated AMP and GMP generating reactions, however, resulted in significantly decreased IMP pools (13 mumol gCDW-1). Targeted metabolite profiling of the purine biosynthetic pathway further revealed a metabolite shift towards the formation of the corresponding nucleobase hypoxanthine (102 mumol gCDW-1) derived from IMP degradation. Conclusions: The purine biosynthetic pathway is strongly interconnected with various parts of the central metabolism and therefore tightly controlled. However, deleting degrading reactions from IMP to AMP and GMP significantly increased intracellular IMP levels. Due to the complexity of this pathway further degradation from IMP to the corresponding nucleobase drastically increased suggesting additional targets for future strain optimization

Formation of Box Canyon, Idaho, by megaflood: implications for seepage erosion on Earth and Mars

Amphitheater- headed canyons have been used as diagnostic indicators of erosion by groundwater seepage, which has important implications for landscape evolution on Earth and astrobiology on Mars. Of perhaps any canyon studied, Box Canyon, Idaho, most strongly meets the proposed morphologic criteria for groundwater sapping because it is incised into a basaltic plain with no drainage network upstream, and approximately 10 cubic meters per second of seepage emanates from its vertical headwall. However, sediment transport constraints, ^4He and ^14C dates, plunge pools, and scoured rock indicate that a megaflood (greater than 220 cubic meters per second) carved the canyon about 45,000 years ago. These results add to a growing recognition of Quaternary catastrophic flooding in the American northwest, and may imply that similar features on Mars also formed by floods rather than seepage erosion

Nurses Alumni Association Bulletin, Fall 2011

2011 - 2012 Meeting Date Calendar Cover 2012 Annual Luncheon & Meeting Notice Officers, Committee Chairs, Satellite and Volunteers Bulletin Publication Committee The President\u27s Message Treasurer\u27s Report Resume of Minutes Office News Committee Reports Social Scholarship Relief Trust Fund Nominating Satellite - Harrisburg Satellite Area Bulletin By Laws Annual Giving Janet C. Hindson Award Janet C. Hindson Award Criteria Janet C. Hindson Award Recipient and Nominees Memories Era Ending (Part Two) Mary Schaal, EdD, RN Medical Clinic Psychology and Nursing Happy Birthday -To Be 80 or More 50th Anniversary Class Lists for 1961 Luncheon Attendees Center Page 1962 - Anniversary Class List for 2012 Annual Luncheon Comments In Memoriam, Names of Deceased Graduates Class News Additional Information, Pins, Transcripts & Address Info Scholarship Fund Application Certification Reimbursement Application Relief Fund Application List of Hotels Campus Ma