Money and mental contents

It can be hard to see where money fits in the world. Money seems both real and imaginary, since it has obvious causal powers, but is also, just as obviously, something humans have just made up. Recent philosophical accounts of money have declared it to be real, but for very different reasons. John Searle and Francesco Guala disagree over whether money is just whatever acts like money, or just whatever people believe to be money. In developing their accounts of institutions as a part of social reality, each uses money as a paradigm institution, but they disagree on how institutions exist. Searle argues that the institution of money belongs to an ontological level separate from the physical world, held up by the collective intentions of a group, while Guala claims that money is a part of the ordinary physical world and is just whatever performs a “money-like function” in a group, regardless of what that group believes about it. Here, we argue that any purely functional account like Guala’s will be unable to capture the distinctive phenomenon of money, since monetary transactions are defined by the attitudes transactors hold toward them. Money will be obscured or misidentified if defined functionally. As we go on to show by examining recent work by Smit et al., belief in money does not require taking on all of Searle’s ontological commitments, but money and mental contents will stand or fall together

Convergent and divergent fMRI responses in children and adults to increasing language production demands

In adults, patterns of neural activation associated with perhaps the most basic language skill—overt object naming—are extensively modulated by the psycholinguistic and visual complexity of the stimuli. Do children's brains react similarly when confronted with increasing processing demands, or they solve this problem in a different way? Here we scanned 37 children aged 7–13 and 19 young adults who performed a well-normed picture-naming task with 3 levels of difficulty. While neural organization for naming was largely similar in childhood and adulthood, adults had greater activation in all naming conditions over inferior temporal gyri and superior temporal gyri/supramarginal gyri. Manipulating naming complexity affected adults and children quite differently: neural activation, especially over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, showed complexity-dependent increases in adults, but complexity-dependent decreases in children. These represent fundamentally different responses to the linguistic and conceptual challenges of a simple naming task that makes no demands on literacy or metalinguistics. We discuss how these neural differences might result from different cognitive strategies used by adults and children during lexical retrieval/production as well as developmental changes in brain structure and functional connectivity

Minding the Gap: Grassroots Efforts to Enhance the Graduate Student Research Experience

As scholars in training and future faculty, graduate students are a vital community within any higher education institution and a population that should be embraced by academic libraries. While some libraries have highly structured and formalized programming, others have an ad hoc approach relying on subject librarians to address individual student questions at the point of need. This book chapter discusses the collaborative effort of three librarians at Illinois State University’s Milner Library in developing specialized workshops and a strong partnership with the Graduate School. The authors cover the evolution of the collaborations and partnerships, necessary steps needed to sustain partnerships, processes for identifying, building, and expanding program content, and long-term plans to establish formalized programming and assessment

Join and Meet Operations for Interval-Valued Complex Fuzzy Logic

DMU Interdisciplinary Group in Intelligent Transport SystemsInterval-valued complex fuzzy logic is able to handle scenarios where both seasonality and uncertainty feature. The interval-valued complex fuzzy set is defined, and the interval valued complex fuzzy inferencing system outlined. Highly pertinent to complex fuzzy logic operations is the concept of rotational invariance, which is an intuitive and desirable characteristic. Interval-valued complex fuzzy logic is driven by interval-valued join and meet operations. Four pairs of alternative algorithms for these operations are specified; three pairs possesses the attribute of rotational invariance, whereas the other pair lacks this characteristic

Effects of Caffeine on Agility Tests on One Women\u27s Collegiate Volleyball Team

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeine on agility tests (3-step approach,2-hand vertical leap,5-10-5 drill) on a women’s collegiate volleyball team at one Division III institution. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT Vertical jump measuring device measured 3-step approach and 2-hand vertical leap measurements. A stopwatch measured the 5-10-5 drill

Mutation of the LXCXE Binding Cleft of pRb Facilitates Transformation by ras In Vitro but Does Not Promote Tumorigenesis In Vivo

Background:The Retinoblastoma protein (pRB) is a key tumor suppressor that is functionally inactivated in most cancers. pRB regulates the cell division cycle and cell cycle exit through protein-protein interactions mediated by its multiple binding interfaces. The LXCXE binding cleft region of pRB mediates interactions with cellular proteins that have chromatin regulatory functions. Chromatin regulation mediated by pRB is required for a stress responsive cell cycle arrest, including oncogene induced senescence. The in vivo role of chromatin regulation by pRB during senescence, and its relevance to cancer is not clear.Methodology/Principal Findings:Using gene-targeted mice, uniquely defective for pRB mediated chromatin regulation, we investigated its role during transformation and tumor progression in response to activation of oncogenic ras. We report that the pRBΔL mutation confers susceptibility to escape from HrasV12 induced senescence and allows transformation in vitro, although these cells possess high levels of DNA damage. Intriguingly, LSL-Kras, Rb1ΔL/ΔL mice show delayed lung tumor formation compared to controls. This is likely due to the increased apoptosis seen in the early hyperplastic lesions shortly following ras activation that inhibits tumor progression. Furthermore, DMBA treatment to induce sporadic ras mutations in other tissues also failed to reveal greater susceptibility to cancer in Rb1ΔL/ΔL mice.Conclusions/Significance:Our data suggests that chromatin regulation by pRB can function to limit proliferation, but its loss fails to contribute to cancer susceptibility in ras driven tumor models because of elevated levels of DNA damage and apoptosis. © 2013 Talluri et al

The Ursinus Weekly, November 24, 1952

Fall play to be Dec. 5, 6; Ticket sale begins Dec. 1 • Bob Harry to play at senior formal • Freshman rep is sworn in by MSGA • Phys-eds get new teachers • Naval officer to speak here, Dec. 3 • Pre-legal group hears speaker, accepts three new members • Lantern goes to press today; Barbara Wagner designs cover • Messiah seats reserved for 100 students • Constitution changes begun by W.S.G.A. • About 100 students enjoy variety show • Lord Winterton to speak at first forum tomorrow • First Chest drive proceeds small; Two days remain • Help offered for grad study • SWC wins hunt sponsored by Y • Spirit group chooses words for dorm decoration prize • Editorials: Plea to 60 students; What\u27s wrong, men?; Brighter side • Letters to the editor • Two staff members enjoy play preview • Murky for the turkey • Dr. A. Rice attends Atlantic Union sessions • Dickinson hands Bears loss in grid final, 18-6 • Bakermen drop season closer, 6-0 • Former coach plays softball in Korea • Snell\u27s Belles close season by defeating Penn • Marge Merrifield elected captain • Women elect chairmen of table decoration committees • Chess club ties Lansdale • Chi Alpha organizes for Christmas worship service • Bus ads plan discussionhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1507/thumbnail.jp

The GOJO Smartlink Observation System: Research for Adoption

This research project sought to provide GOJO Industries, Inc. with strategic recommendations for improving sales of their SMARTLINK Observation (OBV) hand hygiene compliance monitoring mobile application. The two required steps for building recommendations were to analyze the status of the hand hygiene compliance monitoring market (as of 2017) and gain insight on the needs of nurses, doctors, and other healthcare directors in hospitals and urgent care facilities. In conjunction with GOJO Industries, Inc., the viability of a subscription-based mobile application for monitoring was tested. Employees of several different healthcare facilities were interviewed about their current methods and practices for compliance monitoring. Their pain points, suggestions, and thoughts on a mobile application solution were all documented. Information was also gathered from hospital systems that currently use GOJO\u27s Smartlink OBV application. Upon aggregating all of the interview responses, four strategic recommendations for selling the GOJO Smartlink app were formulated. The four suggestions: 1. Improve existing reporting capabilities and features.2. Create a hygiene compliance standard and reward for hospitals to display. 3. Bundle the application with other GOJO products (purell, the fully automated dispensing systems, etc.) and offer a freemium version of the app. 4. Modify the application for use in other markets, such as restuarants, chemical labs, schools, and factories