Boise Curb-Side Glass Recycling

We present an analysis of Boise’s newly implemented curb-side glass recycling program using primary and secondary research sources. The results of the research suggest that the program in its current form is ineffective and inefficient. Our research advocates for the passage of a Bottle Bill, the implementation of a free curb-side glass recycling program, and an education and enforcement program

Temporal dynamics in multimodal word-action-object learning in infancy

This study aimed to investigate the impact of multisensory settings on children's learning of word-object and action-object associations at 12 and 24 months of age. Specifically, we examined whether the temporal alignment of words and actions influenced the acquisition of these associations. To assess learning, we utilized a preferential looking and violation of expectation task. In this task, infants and young children were presented with two distinct word-object and action-object pairings either in a synchronous or sequential manner. Our findings revealed that 2-year-olds demonstrated learning of action-object and word-object associations in the synchronous presentation group, as evidenced by their looking behavior. However, no evidence of learning was found in the younger age group. Interestingly, when exploring potential factors that might influence associative learning, we examined individual differences based on parental reports of children's vocabulary production, as well as measures of infants' word comprehension, production, gesture use, and fine motor skills. However, none of these measures explained the observed word-action-object associative learning in either of the two age groups

Activation of the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Signaling Platform during Rubella Virus Infection

Mitochondria- as well as p53-based signaling pathways are central for the execution of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Their contribution to rubella virus (RV)-induced apoptosis was addressed through time-specific evaluation of characteristic parameters such as permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane and subsequent release of the pro-apoptotic proteins apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c from mitochondria. Additionally, expression and localization pattern of p53 and selected members of the multifunctional and stress-inducible cyclophilin family were examined. The application of pifithrin μ as an inhibitor of p53 shuttling to mitochondria reduced RV-induced cell death to an extent similar to that of the broad spectrum caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk (benzyloxycarbonyl-V-A-D-(OMe)-fmk). However, RV progeny generation was not altered. This indicates that, despite an increased survival rate of its cellular host, induction of apoptosis neither supports nor restricts RV replication. Moreover, some of the examined apoptotic markers were affected in a strain-specific manner and differed between the cell culture-adapted strains: Therien and the HPV77 vaccine on the one hand, and a clinical isolate on the other. In summary, the results presented indicate that the transcription-independent mitochondrial p53 program contributes to RV-induced apoptosis

Comparative Study of the Magnetic Field Dependent Signal Enhancement in Solid-State Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Experiments

A detailed study of the magnetic field dependent signal enhancement in solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments is presented for a specific sample consisting of AMUPol dissolved in the nonionic surfactant C₁₀E₆. C₁₀E₆ displays a superposition of “direct” and “indirect channel” resonances in ¹³C MAS DNP NMR spectra. The shapes of the DNP enhancement profiles are essentially identical for the ¹H MAS, ¹H → ¹³C CP MAS, and ¹³C MAS indirect channel signals, which confirms that the same polarization transfer process from electron to proton is responsible for the obtained enhancements of these experiments. The shape of the DNP enhancement profiles of ¹H and of ¹³C direct channel resonances reveals that the cross effect is the dominant polarization transfer mechanism for the studied sample. The magnitudes of the ¹³C MAS DNP enhancement profiles for ¹H → ¹³C CP MAS, direct and indirect channel signals were found to be not uniform. For ¹H → ¹³C CP MAS and the indirect channel signals, this observation is related to relaxation effects of the methyl group carbon. For the ¹³C MAS direct channel resonances, differences in magnitudes are discussed in terms of preferential structural orientation of the polar ethylene oxide headgroup of C₁₀E₆ toward the AMUPol radical

Combining Freezing Point Depression and Self-Diffusion Data for Characterizing Aggregation

The colligative property freezing point depression is evaluated as a means for estimating the extent of aggregation for solutions of poly­(ethylene oxide) alcohol (C₁₀E₆) nonionic surfactant in cyclohexane. Combined with additional measurements of self-diffusion coefficients, it is shown that both unaggregated C₁₀E₆ as well as reverse micelles are significantly present for the entire range of measured C₁₀E₆ concentration (0.048–2.35 mol kg^–1). A change in speciation near 0.2 mol kg^–1 is indicated by the results from both freezing point depression and self-diffusion coefficient measurements. It is shown that average reverse micelle radii and aggregation numbers obtained from the ratio of solvent and C₁₀E₆ self-diffusion coefficients are consistent with prior reported results. However, unreasonably small radii for the reverse micelles as well as for the cyclohexane were obtained from analysis of the results by the Stokes–Einstein equation using additional measured solution viscosities. The concentration of reverse micelles and unaggregated C₁₀E₆ was calculated from the freezing point depression results using the aggregation numbers obtained from ratio of self-diffusion coefficients. These concentrations indicate that the reverse micelles become smaller in average size and increase in number with increasing temperature without an increase in unaggregated C₁₀E₆

Der derzeitige Stand unserer Kenntnis der Coccolithophoriden

Here you find raw data for a data set that was published in the journal "Data in Brief". The sensitivity of the human sodium channel Nav1.5 to the insecticide deltametrin was examined and conclusions were drawn on the biophysics of the channel

How Smart Is It to Go to Bed with the Phone? The Impact of Short-Wavelength Light and Affective States on Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Previously, we presented our preliminary results (N = 14) investigating the effects of short-wavelength light from a smartphone during the evening on sleep and circadian rhythms (Höhn et al., 2021). Here, we now demonstrate our full sample (N = 33 men), where polysomnography and body temperature were recorded during three experimental nights and subjects read for 90 min on a smartphone with or without a filter or from a book. Cortisol, melatonin and affectivity were assessed before and after sleep. These results confirm our earlier findings, indicating reduced slow-wave-sleep and -activity in the first night quarter after reading on the smartphone without a filter. The same was true for the cortisol-awakening-response. Although subjective sleepiness was not affected, the evening melatonin increase was attenuated in both smartphone conditions. Accordingly, the distal-proximal skin temperature gradient increased less after short-wavelength light exposure than after reading a book. Interestingly, we could unravel within this full dataset that higher positive affectivity in the evening predicted better subjective but not objective sleep quality. Our results show disruptive consequences of short-wavelength light for sleep and circadian rhythmicity with a partially attenuating effect of blue-light filters. Furthermore, affective states influence subjective sleep quality and should be considered, whenever investigating sleep and circadian rhythms

How Smart Is It to Go to Bed with the Phone? The Impact of Short-Wavelength Light and Affective States on Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

Previously, we presented our preliminary results (N = 14) investigating the effects of short-wavelength light from a smartphone during the evening on sleep and circadian rhythms (Höhn et al., 2021). Here, we now demonstrate our full sample (N = 33 men), where polysomnography and body temperature were recorded during three experimental nights and subjects read for 90 min on a smartphone with or without a filter or from a book. Cortisol, melatonin and affectivity were assessed before and after sleep. These results confirm our earlier findings, indicating reduced slow-wave-sleep and -activity in the first night quarter after reading on the smartphone without a filter. The same was true for the cortisol-awakening-response. Although subjective sleepiness was not affected, the evening melatonin increase was attenuated in both smartphone conditions. Accordingly, the distal-proximal skin temperature gradient increased less after short-wavelength light exposure than after reading a book. Interestingly, we could unravel within this full dataset that higher positive affectivity in the evening predicted better subjective but not objective sleep quality. Our results show disruptive consequences of short-wavelength light for sleep and circadian rhythmicity with a partially attenuating effect of blue-light filters. Furthermore, affective states influence subjective sleep quality and should be considered, whenever investigating sleep and circadian rhythms