8,500 research outputs found
Working in the profit versus not for profit sector: what difference does it make? An inquiry on preferences of voluntary and involuntary movers
We investigate what is behind the profit/not for profit wage differential by comparing judgments on job caracteristics of workers who voluntarily or involuntarily moved from the first to the second sector. We define voluntary movers those who applied for a job in a not for profit organization and, when successful, resigned from the for profit one, while involuntary movers can either have been laid off by the company or have resigned without already having a job offer in the not for profit sector when leaving the firm. We observe that almost half of voluntary movers end up with non higher wages and, surprisingly, higher job satisfaction after the change. A vast majority of them exhibit significantly higher time flexibility, improved relationships with stakeholders, closer consistence with educational skills and higher satisfaction of intrinsic motivations in the new job. Our findings support the profit/no profit compensating differential hypothesis and shed light on mechanisms which are beyond the job donation behavior of intrinsically motivated workers.Social enterprises, wage differentials, intrinsic motivations, changing job, dissatisfaction
The transcription factors BEL1 and SPL are required for cytokinin and auxin signaling during ovule development in Arabidopsis
Hormones, such as auxin and cytokinin, are involved in the complex molecular network that regulates the coordinated development of plant organs. Genes controlling ovule patterning have been identified and studied in detail; however, the roles of auxin and cytokinin in ovule development are largely unknown. Here we show that key cytokinin pathway genes, such as isopentenyltransferase and cytokinin receptors, are expressed during ovule development. Also, in a cre1-12 ahk2-2 ahk3-3 triple mutant with severely reduced cytokinin perception, expression of the auxin efflux facilitator PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1) was severely reduced. In sporocyteless/nozzle (spl/nzz) mutants, which show a similar phenotype to the cre1-12 ahk2-2 ahk3-3 triple mutant, PIN1 expression is also reduced. Treatment with the exogenous cytokinin N-6-benzylaminopurine also altered both auxin distribution and patterning of the ovule; this process required the homeodomain transcription factor BELL1 (BEL1). Thus, this article shows that cytokinin regulates ovule development through the regulation of PIN1. Furthermore, the transcription factors BEL1 and SPL/NZZ, previously described as key regulators of ovule development, are needed for the auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways for the correct patterning of the ovule
Theoretical Estimates of Stellar e-Captures. I. The half-life of 7Be in Evolved Stars
The Li enrichment in the Universe still presents various puzzles to
astrophysics. One open issue is that of obtaining estimates for the rate of
e-captures on 7Be, for T and rho conditions different from solar. This is
important to model the Galactic nucleosynthesis of Li. In this framework, we
present a new theoretical method for calculating the e-capture rate in
conditions typical of evolved stars. We show how our approach compares with
state-of-the-art techniques for solar conditions, where various estimates are
available. Our computations include: i) "traditional" calculations of the
electronic density at the nucleus, to which the e-capture rate for 7Be is
proportional, for different theoretical approaches including the Thomas--Fermi,
Poisson--Boltzmann and Debye--Hueckel (DH) models of screening, ii) a new
computation, based on a formalism that goes beyond the previous ones, adopting
a mean-field "adiabatic" approximation to the scattering process. The results
obtained with our approach as well as with the traditional ones and their
differences are discussed in some detail, starting from solar conditions, where
our method and the DH model converge to the same solution. We then analyze the
applicability of the various models to a rather broad range of T and rho
values, embracing those typical of red giant stars. We find that, over a wide
region of the parameter space explored, the DH approximation does not stand,
and the more general method we suggest is preferable. We then briefly reanalyze
the 7Li abundances in RGB and AGB stars of the Galactic Disk using the new
Be-decay rate. We also underline that the different values of the electron
density at the nucleus we find should induce effects on electron screening (for
p-captures on Li itself, as well as for other nuclei) so that our new approach
might have wide astrophysical consequences.Comment: Astrophts. Journal Feb. 1, 201
CNN-based fast source device identification
Source identification is an important topic in image forensics, since it
allows to trace back the origin of an image. This represents a precious
information to claim intellectual property but also to reveal the authors of
illicit materials. In this paper we address the problem of device
identification based on sensor noise and propose a fast and accurate solution
using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Specifically, we propose a
2-channel-based CNN that learns a way of comparing camera fingerprint and image
noise at patch level. The proposed solution turns out to be much faster than
the conventional approach and to ensure an increased accuracy. This makes the
approach particularly suitable in scenarios where large databases of images are
analyzed, like over social networks. In this vein, since images uploaded on
social media usually undergo at least two compression stages, we include
investigations on double JPEG compressed images, always reporting higher
accuracy than standard approaches
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