Racial and Ethnic Inequities in Health Care Coverage and Access, 20132019

In this brief, we update our 2020 report on coverage and access inequities using 2013–2019 data from the American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample (ACS PUMS) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). We examine trends in Black and Latinx/Hispanic disparities across the following measures, with a particular focus on the effects of Medicaid expansion on equity at the state level:adults ages 19 to 64 who are uninsuredadults ages 18 to 64 who went without care in the past 12 months because of costadults ages 18 to 64 who report having a usual health care provider

Erfahrungsaustausch Biosteinobstanbau

Inhalt - Anbautechnik Obstbau-Team - Ablauf des Erfahrungsaustausches - Saison 2023 – Herausforderungen bis jetzt... - Aktivitäten im Zwetschgenanbau - Breitenhof-Versuch - PS-Versuche auf Praxisbetrieben - Behandlungen und Bonituren 2021/2022 - Olsberg - Blattlausbefall 2022 - Rickenbach – Fruchtbehang 2022 - Fazit Blattlausversuche - Projekt mit Forschungsinstitut in Korea - Pflaumenanbau - Aktivitäten im Kirschenanbau (Projekt bis Ende 2023) - Zukünftige Aktivitäten im Kirschenanbau ab 2024 - Datenerhebung auf Praxisbetrieben – Erntemenge pro Sorte - Datenerhebung auf Praxisbetrieben – Marktwarenanteil pro Sorte - Datenerhebung auf Praxisbetrieben - Pflanzenschutzeinsatz - Interreg-Projekt Wasserversorgung - Prognosemodelle - Aktualisierte Sortenempfehlungsliste 2023 - BIOFRUITNET - Aprikosenversuche am FiBL - Monilia: Systemvergleich 2020 – 2023 - Oidium (Mehltau) - Symptomentwicklung - Pflanzenschutzstrategie - Echter Mehltau Systemvergleich Mittelwerte 2020 & 2022 - Blattlausregulierung mit Nützlingen - Aprikosentunnel - Offene Nützlingszucht - Nützlinge - Marienkäfer - Schwebfliege - Schlupfwespen - Fazit und Ausblick - Blattläuse und Nützlinge im Vergleich - Bäum

Parental Concerns and Uptake of Childhood Vaccines in Rural Tanzania – A Mixed Methods Study

Background Vaccine hesitancy has been recognized as an important barrier to timely vaccinations around the world, including in sub-Saharan Africa. In Tanzania, 1 in 4 children is not fully vaccinated. The objective of this mixed methods study was to describe and contextualize parental concerns towards vaccines in Tanzania. Methods Between 2016 and 2017, we conducted a cross-sectional survey (n = 134) and four focus group discussions (FGDs, n = 38) with mothers of children under 2 years of age residing in Mtwara region in Southern Tanzania. The survey and FGDs assessed vaccination knowledge and concerns and barriers to timely vaccinations. Vaccination information was obtained from government-issued vaccination cards. Results In the cross-sectional survey, 72% of mothers reported missed or delayed receipt of vaccines for their child. Although vaccine coverage was high, timeliness of vaccinations was lower and varied by vaccine. Rural mothers reported more vaccine-related concerns compared to urban mothers; literacy and access to information were identified as key drivers of the difference. Mothers participating in FGDs indicated high perceived risk of vaccine-preventable illnesses, but expressed concerns related to poor geographic accessibility, unreliability of services, and missed opportunities for vaccinations resulting from provider efforts to minimize vaccine wastage. Conclusions Findings from our cross-sectional survey indicate the presence of vaccination delays and maternal concerns related to childhood vaccines in Tanzania. In FGDs, mothers raised issues related to convenience more often than issues related to vaccine confidence or complacency. Further research is necessary to understand how these issues may contribute to the emergence and persistence of vaccine hesitancy and to identify effective mitigation strategies

Achieving Racial and Ethnic Equity in U.S. Health Care: A Scorecard of State Performance

In this report, we evaluate health equity across race and ethnicity, both within and between states, to illuminate how state health systems perform for Black, white, Latinx/Hispanic, AIAN, and Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) populations. Our hope is that policymakers and health system leaders will use this tool to investigate the impact of past policies on health across racial and ethnic groups, and that they will begin to take steps to ensure an equitable, antiracist health care system for the future

Das Anna und ihr Hund.: Weibliche Hundenamen im Neutrum?

In numerous German dialects and in Luxembourgish women or girls are referred to in the neuter. This raises the question whether this is also the case for female animals. Based on data from the research project “Das Anna und ihr Hund – Weibliche Rufnamen im Neutrum”, the present article examines the gender of names and pronouns referring to dogs. Dogs today are no longer kept primarily to perform functions (guard dog, herding dog) but rather as pets and companions. This is also reflected in the fact that dogs are given names. In general, these clearly mark the sex of the dog. In the dialects we investigated pronouns, which refer to female dogs, are predominantly masculine, not feminine or neuter. Sex-specific appellatives are not used either. In addition, the assignment of the neuter gender to dogs’ names (e. g. s Frida) occurs much less frequently than to first names of women (e. g. s Anna). The functions of the socio-pragmatic neuter when referring to women, such as marking age, status, or gender roles, rarely appear to play a role when referring to dogs. Only in Luxembourgish, where the neuter primarily marks female sex, are female animals referred to more often with neuter forms

Plasma endocannabinoids in cocaine dependence and their interaction with cocaine craving and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 density in the human brain

Animal models indicate that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a modulatory role in stress and reward processing, both crucially impaired in addictive disorders. Preclinical findings showed endocannabinoid-modulated synaptic plasticity in reward brain networks linked to the metabotropic-glutamate-5 receptor (mGluR5), contributing to drug-reinforcing effects and drug-seeking behavior. Although animal models postulate a link between ECS and cocaine addiction, human translational studies are lacking. Here, we tested previous preclinical findings by investigating plasma endocannabinoids (eCBs) anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and the related N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), including their interaction with cerebral mGluR5, in chronic cocaine users (CU). We compared basal plasma concentrations between chronic CU (N=103; 69 recreational CU and 34 dependent CU) and stimulant-naïve healthy controls (N=92). Follow-up basal eCB/NAE plasma levels after 12 months were used for reliability and stability check (CU: N=33; controls: N=43). In an additional analysis using$^{11}$C-ABP688 positron emission tomography (PET) in a male subsample (CU: N=18; controls: N=16), we investigated the relationships between eCBs/NAEs and mGluR5 density in the brain. We found higher 2-AG plasma levels in dependent CU compared to controls and recreational CU. 2-AG levels were stable over time across all groups. In the PET-subsample, a positive association between 2-AG and mGluR5 brain density only in CU was found. Our results corroborate animal findings suggesting an alteration of the ECS in cocaine dependence and an association between peripheral 2-AG levels and cerebral mGluR5 in humans. Therefore, the ECS might be a promising pharmaco-therapeutic target for novel treatments of cocaine dependence

Plasma endocannabinoids in cocaine dependence and their relation to cerebral metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 density

Animal models indicate that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays a modulatory role in stress and reward processing, both crucially impaired in addictive disorders. Preclinical findings showed endocannabinoid-modulated synaptic plasticity in reward brain networks linked to the metabotropic-glutamate-5 receptor (mGluR5), contributing to drug-reinforcing effects and drug-seeking behavior. Although animal models postulate a link between ECS and cocaine addiction, human translational studies are lacking. Here, we tested previous preclinical findings by investigating plasma endocannabinoids (eCBs) anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and the related N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), including their interaction with cerebral mGluR5, in chronic cocaine users (CU). We compared basal plasma concentrations between chronic CU (N = 103; 69 recreational CU and 34 dependent CU) and stimulant-naïve healthy controls (N = 92). Follow-up basal eCB/NAE plasma levels after 12 months were used for reliability and stability check (CU: N = 33; controls: N = 43). In an additional analysis using $^{11}$C-ABP688 positron emission tomography (PET) in a male subsample (CU: N = 18; controls: N = 16), we investigated the relationships between eCBs/NAEs and mGluR5 density in the brain. We found higher 2-AG plasma levels in dependent CU compared to controls and recreational CU. 2-AG levels were stable over time across all groups. In the PET-subsample, a positive association between 2-AG and mGluR5 brain density only in CU was found. Our results corroborate animal findings suggesting an alteration of the ECS in cocaine dependence and an association between peripheral 2-AG levels and cerebral mGluR5 in humans. Therefore, the ECS might be a promising pharmaco-therapeutic target for novel treatments of cocaine dependence

Policy Feedback and the Politics of the Affordable Care Act

There is a large body of literature devoted to how “policies create politics” and how feedback effects from existing policy legacies shape potential reforms in a particular area. Although much of this literature focuses on self‐reinforcing feedback effects that increase support for existing policies over time, Kent Weaver and his colleagues have recently drawn our attention to self‐undermining effects that can gradually weaken support for such policies. The following contribution explores both self‐reinforcing and self‐undermining policy feedback in relationship to the Affordable Care Act, the most important health‐care reform enacted in the United States since the mid‐1960s. More specifically, the paper draws on the concept of policy feedback to reflect on the political fate of the ACA since its adoption in 2010. We argue that, due in part to its sheer complexity and fragmentation, the ACA generates both self‐reinforcing and self‐undermining feedback effects that, depending of the aspect of the legislation at hand, can either facilitate or impede conservative retrenchment and restructuring. Simultaneously, through a discussion of partisan effects that shape Republican behavior in Congress, we acknowledge the limits of policy feedback in the explanation of policy stability and change

Influência da luminosidade no crescimento de Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) / Influence of luminosity on the growth of Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)

Esta pesquisa foi realizada com objetivo de avaliar o efeito da luminosidade sobre o crescimento de juvenis de jundiá. Foram utilizados 225 peixes (70,53±3,68g), distribuídos em 15 caixas de 500 L, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, alimentados três vezes ao dia com ração comercial contendo 36% PB e granulometria 1,5 mm, durante 45 dias. Os tratamentos foram os diferentes níveis de cobertura sobre as caixas de cultivo (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 % de área coberta), com três réplicas cada. Ao final do experimento, os animais foram anestesiados, pesados, contados e medidos para obtenção do peso médio, comprimento padrão, ganho de peso, ganho de peso diário, conversão alimentar e sobrevivência. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste ANOVA e complementados pelo teste de Tukey. Os parâmetros de peso final, comprimento final, ganho de peso e ganho de peso diário foram influenciados (p<0,05) por diferentes níveis de cobertura. O tratamento com 75% de cobertura apresentou os maiores valores para peso final, comprimento final, ganho de peso e ganho de peso diário e o tratamento com 0% de cobertura, apresentou os menores valores para o desempenho zootécnico. Assim, recomendamos uma cobertura de 75% para diminuir a iluminação sobre as unidades experimentais durante as pesquisas com jundiás, para não ocorrer desperdício de ração durante as alimentações, aumentar o consumo de ração e melhorar o desempenho produtivo