STR-854: MULTIFUNCTIONAL AND MULTIPHYSICS MATERIALS AS LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

Multifunctional and multiphysics cellular solids are introduced in this paper as load-bearing structural components. Cellular solids offer a robust low-mass alternative for applications requiring lightweight and stiff components. The unique properties of cellular solids are achieved through cell geometry, connectivity, relative density, and properties of constituent materials. Inspired by biological systems, smart cellular solids can integrate low-mass, sensing/actuating, and self-healing properties into structural components. Discrete fabrication, by integrating patches of smart/active materials onto cellular solids, and continuous fabrication, using additive manufacturing, are two fabrication techniques for the manufacturing of multifunctional cellular solids. We propose a multiscale methodology for the analysis and design of smart cellular structures on the basis of homogenization, structural hierarchy, multiphysics simulation, and multi-objective optimization. It is shown that relative density, cell microarchitechture, cell topology, and volume fraction play a considerable role on the characteristics of multifunctional materials. At last, the potential application of smart cellular solids in civil and building construction industry are reviewed. The paper sheds lights on the emergence of multifunctional and multiphysics materials in industrial sectors and introduces the effect of tailoring the architecture of smart cellular solids in multiple scales on tuning and optimizing the structural functionality

Modeling and performance evaluation of the eICIC/ABS in H-CRAN

International audienceIn this paper, we propose mathematical models to evaluate the performance of the interference remediation technique eICIC/ABS (enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination / Almost Blank Sub-frame) in the context of Heterogeneous Cloud based Radio Access Networks (H-CRAN) architecture and 5G networks. The objective is to propose a dynamic resource management tool to ease decisions on the activation/deactivation of micro-cells as well as on the distributions of subframes among macro and micro cells. First, we propose a Markov chain based model that fits the behavior of the considered scheme and allows the analysis of the cell throughput according to traffic load, radio conditions and the distribution of available resources among macro and micro cells. Then, we propose an approximation model with a closed form formula. The two models are validated and evaluated in terms of accuracy and computation time. Numerical results are compared to matlab simulations that reproduce realistic radio conditions. Results show that both models are accurate. However, the closed form approximation is less complex and provides faster results

The Efficacy of Father Attachment Education on the Severity of Domestic Violence in Primegravida Women

Introduction: In addition to physical and psychological tension imposed on women through pregnancy, the stress of the spouses' violence can cause harmful effects on both the fetus and mother. In Iran, there are limited data on this subject. Thus, learning attachment skills may be effective in reducing adaptation and domestic violence. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of paternal attachment on the severity of domestic violence in primgravida women. Methods: This quasi-experiment research was conducted on 150 pregnant women who were eligible and selected through simple convenience sampling. In the intervention group, four 90-minute training sessions were designed on father attachment, while the control group received routine prenatal care. A violence questionnaire was completed both before and after the intervention (36-38 weeks of pregnancy) in both case and control groups. Data analysis was done in SPSS software, using paired t-test and independent t-test. Results: According to the results of an independent t-test, there was no significant difference in psychological violence, physical violence, and economic violence. However, there was a significant change in social violence, sexual violence, and overall violence score. Conclusion: Training the fathers on behavior of domestic violence and its skills leads to reduced social and sexual violence. Therefore, it seems necessary to include education for the fathers in prenatal care

Ion release and pH of a new endodontic cement, MTA and Portland cement

INTRODUCTION: This in vitro study measured and compared pH and phosphate and calcium ions release of a new endodontic material (CEM cement), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and Portland cement (PC) using UV-visible technique, atomic absorption spectrophotometry methods, and pH meter, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each material was placed in a plastic tube (n=10) and immersed in a glass flask containing deionized water. Half of the samples were tested for determining pH and released ions after 1h, 3h, 24h, 48h, 7d and 28d. Remaining samples (n=5), were evaluated after 28d. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA and Tukey tests. RESULTS: Results indicated that all materials were highly alkaline and released calcium and low concentration of phosphate ions in all the time intervals. CEM cement released considerably higher concentration of phosphate during the first hour (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This novel endodontic cement promoted alkaline pH in a similar manner to MTA and released calcium and phosphate. These conditions can stimulate the calcification process and explain the basic physico-chemical mechanisms of hard tissue regeneration of CEM cement

How to test normality distribution for a variable: a real example and a simulation study

Many commonly used statistical methods require that the population distribution be nearly normal. Unfortunately, in some papers the one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test has been used for testing normality while the assumptions of applying this test are not satisfied. To conduct this test, it is assumed that the population distribution is fully specified. In practical situation where the mean and SD of population distribution is not specified in advance, one can use a modification of the K-S test for checking the normality assumption which is called, Lilliefors test. In this paper, we explain the method of computing this test with some common statistical softwares such as SPSS, S-PLUS, R and StatXact and utilize a dermatology dataset from Skin Research Center of Shohada-e-Tajrish hospital to illustrate how the use of the one-sample K-S (with the mean and SD estimated from the sample) instead of its modification can be misleading in practice. We also use Monte Carlo simulation to compare the approximate power of the one-sample K-S test (with the estimated population mean and SD) with Lilliefors test in some common specified continuous distributions. The result indicates that one should not use the one-sample K-S test for assessing the normality assumption in practical situation.

Diagnostic accuracy of frozen section in Central nervous system lesions, a 10-year study.

How to Cite This Article: Khoddami M, Akbarzadeh A, Mordai A, Bidari Zerehpoush F, Alipour H, Samadzadeh S, Alipour B.Diagnostic Accuracy of Frozen Section of Central Nervous System Lesions: A 10-Year Study. Iran J Child Neurol. 2015 Winter;9(1):25-30. AbstractObjectiveDefinitive diagnosis of the central nervous system (CNS) lesions is unknown prior to histopathological examination. To determine the method and the endpoint for surgery, intraoperative evaluation of the lesion helps the surgeon.In this study, the diagnostic accuracy and pitfalls of using frozen section (FS) ofCNS lesions is determined.Materials & MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analyzed the results of FS and permanent diagnoses of all CNS lesions by reviewing reports from 3 general hospitals between March 2001 and March 2011.Results273 cases were reviewed and patients with an age range from 3 to 77 years of age were considered. 166 (60.4%) had complete concordance between FS and permanent section diagnosis, 83 (30.2%) had partial concordance, and 24 cases (9.5%) were discordant. Considering the concordant and partially concordant cases, the accuracy rate was 99.5%, sensitivity was 91.4%, specificity was 99.7%, and positive and negative predictive values were 88.4% and 99.8%, respectively.ConclusionOur results show high sensitivity and specificity of FS diagnosis in the evaluation of CNS lesions. A Kappa agreement score of 0.88 shows high concordance for FS results with permanent section. Pathologist’s misinterpretation, small biopsy samples (not representative of the entire tumor), suboptimal slides, and inadequate information about tumor location and radiologic findings appear to be the major causes for these discrepancies indicated from our study. ReferencesTaxy JB, Anthony G. Biopsy interpretation: the frozen section. 1st ed. China: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010. P.301-3.Somerset HL, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK. Approach to the intraoperative consultation for neurosurgical specimens. Adv Anat Pathol 2011; 18:446-9. doi: 10.1097/ PAP.0b013e3182169934.Regragui A, Amarti Riffi A, Maher M, El Khamlichi A, Saidi A. Accuracy of Intraoperative diagnosis in central nervous system tumors: report of 1315 cases. Neurochirurgie 2003; 49(2-3 Pt 1):67-72.Plesec TP, Prayson RA. Frozen section discrepancy in the evaluation of central nervous system tumors. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007; 131:1532-40.Savargaonkar P, Farmer PM. Utility of intra-operative consultations for the diagnosis of central nervous system lesions. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2001; 31:133-9.Talan-Hraniloviæ J, Vuèiæ M, Ulamec M, Belicza M. Intraoperative frozen section analysis in of the central nervous system and pituitary gland pathology. Acta Clin Croat 2005; 44:217-21.Roessler K, Dietrich W, Kitz K. High diagnostic accuracy of cytologic smears of central nervous system tumors. A 15-year experience based on 4,172 patients. Acta Cytol 2002; 46:667-74.Ud Din N, Memon A, Idress R, Ahmad Z, Hasan S. Central Nervous System Lesions: Correlation of  Intraoperative and Final Diagnoses, Six Year Experience at a Referral Centre in a Developing Country, Pakistan. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2011; 12:1435-7.Burger PC, Scheithauer BW. Tumors of the Central Nervous System. In: AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology Series 4. Washington DC: American Registry of Pathology; 2007.Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, Burger PC, Jouvet A, et al. The 2007 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System. Acta Neuropathol. 2007; 114: 97–109. doi: 10.1007/s00401- 007-0243-

The Development of Professional Competencies in Ph.D. Candidates in Psychology: A Thematic Analysis Study

Background: Psychology is one of the important disciplines dealing with mental health. Psychology students develop a set of professional competencies during their studies. The present study sought to explore the experiences of psychology students and assess the development of their professional competencies in the workplace.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using a thematic analysis approach. The data were collected through 27 in-depth semi-structured interviews with 24 Ph.D. candidates in psychology who were completing their dissertations and 2 interviews with 2 professors of psychology. The data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-step thematic analysis. The findings revealed the main themes, subthemes, and main categories. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used to increase the trustworthiness of the findings.Results: The core theme identified in this study was professional competencies developed during academic studies. Besides, the five subthemes underlying professional competencies were creating and maintaining empathy, building a mutual understanding, enhancing confidentiality, being human and seeing others as human, and getting out of absolutism.Conclusion: The findings reported in the present study suggested that professional competencies are developed in psychology students during their studies according to their professional and clinical experience. Accordingly, providing adequate experiences can contribute to developing and promoting professional competencies in students