Патологии метаподий древних копытных

This report describes pathological changes of twelve metapodial bones of ancient large ungulates (Bison priscus, Cervus elaphus, Megaloceros giganteus, Equus ex gr. gallicus) from various sites in West Siberia. Two basic types of deteriorations were observed: proximal epiphyseal deformity resulting from arthrosis, and periosteal proliferations on diaphysis. All of these likely are related to trauma. The most probable causes of the injuries include unsuccessful hunting activity of cave lions and environment-associated sharp or blunt force

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of New Dialkyl(diaryl)-2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(phenylethenyl)pentylphosphonium Salts

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. New dialkyl(diaryl)-2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(phenylethenyl)pentylphosphonium salts bearing various substituents at the phosphorus atom were synthesized. Antimicrobial activity of the salts obtained was estimated. Derivatives with 2-methoxyphenyl substituents at the phosphorus atom are most active against grampositive bacteria. Herewith, dibenzyl-substituted phosphonium derivatives possess the best antifungal activity

ON ELABORATING A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO TEACHING TERMINOLOGY IN COURSE OF LSP STUDIES IN STUDENTS OF PSYCHOLOGY FOR FORMING THEIR PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE

The study analyses English and French psychological terminology and highlights the peculiarities of forming and developing professional communication skills of the students of psychology. Special attention is paid to the difficulties arised during learning English and French in pair in the LSP format. The results show that the major discrepancies between the counterparts in these languages are observed in spelling, pronunciation, definition and pragmatics. The drawn conclusions reveal and bring out the need to develop a comprehensive methodology that would suffice to form communicative skills in the students of psychology simultaneously studying English for specific purposes and French for specific purposes.Исследование посвящено изучению и анализу англоязычной и франкоязычной психологической терминологии, а также выявлению процессов развития коммуникативных навыков в профессиональной среде психологов. В исследовании особое внимание уделяется сложностям, возникающим при одновременном изучении английского и французского языка для специальных целей. Результаты показывают, что наибольшее количество расхождений между единицами данных языков наблюдается в орфографии, фонетике, семантике и прагматике. Указана необходимость разработки комплексной методики формирования коммуникативных навыков студентов-психологов при одновременном изучении английского и французского языков для специальных целей

Скрининг, идентификация и характеристика бактерий Arthrobacter species, продуцирующих внеклеточную β-галактозидазу

β-Галактозидаза прокариот и, в частности, бактерий рода Arthrobacter – внутриклеточный фермент. Штамм Arthrobacter sp. БИМ B-2242 идентифицирован как A. sulfonivorans на основании анализа нуклеотидных последовательностей гена 16S рРНК. Штамм относится к грамположительным неподвижным бактериям с циклом морфогенеза клеток кокк – палочка – кокк, облигатным аэробам, мезофилам, положительным по признаку синтеза каталазы, протеазы, амилазы, уреазы и липазы. A. sulfonivorans ассимилирует лактозу, глюкозу, галактозу, рамнозу, сахарозу, арабинозу, сорбитол, пектин, крахмал в качестве источников углерода и энергии. Штамм утилизирует следуюшие источники азота: дрожжевой экстракт, пептон, бактопептон, триптон, желатин, казеин, казеинат натрия, мочевину, аминонокислоты, аммонийные соли неорганических кислот и нитраты. A. sulfonivorans продуцирует 2 изоформы истинно внеклеточных β-галактозидаз. Неочищенная β-галактозидаза проявляет максимум активности при температуре 42,5°C и pH 7,0, гидролизуя o-нитрофенил-β-D-галактопиранозид (oNPG). Удельная активность внеклеточной β-галактозидазы составила 101,2 ед/мг белка, что в 675,3 раза больше, чем внутриклеточной (0,15 ед/мг белка)

КЛОНИРОВАНИЕ И СЕКВЕНИРОВАНИЕ ГЕНА, КОДИРУЮЩЕГО β-ГАЛАКТОЗИДАЗУ БАКТЕРИЙ ARTHROBACTER SULFONIVORANS

A full nucleotide sequence of the β-galactosidase gene (β-gal) was deciphered by cloning in plasmid pJET1.2 of DNA fragments containing β-gal of bacteria Arthrobacter sulfonivorans LF-GAL, their subsequent sequencing and comparison with the known sequences from the GenBank database. It was deposited under access number KM2778940.The evaluation of the β-gal structure showed that it is composed of 3132 b.p. encoding 1043 amino acids making up a β-galactosidase subunit with a molecular weight of 113.6 kDa. It was found that β-gal of the examined strain is characterized by the highest degree of similarity to the genes encoding β-galactosidase in the genus Arthrobacter (66–72 %).The amino acid composition of enzyme proteins from A. sulfonivorans LF-GAL matches that of other representatives of the genus Arthrobacter by 59–95 %. The analysis of the enzyme protein amino acid sequence by BLAST software package demonstrated that β-galactosidase of A. sulfonivorans LF-GAL comprises conservative sequences typical for glycosyl hydrolase family 2.Путем клонирования в составе плазмиды pJET1.2 фрагментов ДНК, содержащих ген β-галактозидазы (β-gal) бактерий Arthrobacter sulfonivorans ЛФ-ГАЛ, их последующего секвенирования и сравнения с известными последовательностями из базы данных GenBank установлена и депонирована (код доступа KM277894) полная нуклеотидная последовательность гена β-gal.Анализ структуры β-gal бактерий A. sulfonivorans ЛФ-ГАЛ показал, что он состоит из 3132 п. н., которые кодируют 1043 аминокислоты, составляющие субъединицу β-галактозидазы с молекулярной массой 113,6 кДа. Установлено, что β-gal исследуемого штамма в наибольшей степени идентичен генам, кодирующим β-галактозидазы у актинобактерий рода Arthrobacter (66–72 %). Соответствие аминокислотного состава ферментных белков A. sulfonivorans ЛФ-ГАЛ и других представителей рода Arthrobacter составляет 59–95 %.Анализ аминокислотной последовательности ферментного белка в пакете программ BLAST показал, что β-галактозидаза A. sulfonivorans ЛФ-ГАЛ содержит консервативные последовательности, характерные для гликозил-гидролаз 2 семейства

Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity relationships of self-assembled and solubilization properties of amphiphilic quaternary ammonium derivatives of quinuclidine

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. This work deals with development of polyfunctional biocompatible cationic surfactant systems based on bioactive saturated bicyclic alkaloid quinuclidine. It is focused on the effect of the chemical structure of surfactants on their aggregation behavior, their physicochemical estimation of solubility of model water insoluble dye Orange OT and drugs, quercetin and rutin, microbiology and cytotoxicity. Quaternary ammonium derivatives of quinuclidine (Q-Nuc-n) with different hydrophobicity (R = CnH2n+1, where n = 14, 16, 18) were synthesized. Self-assembly of Q-Nuc-n was investigated by tensiometry, conductometry, spectrophotometry, fluorimetry and dynamic light scattering. The critical micelle concentration, thermodynamic and adsorption parameters at water-air interface, size and aggregation numbers of Q-Nuc-n micelles were determined. The looser packing of surfactant molecules in Q-Nuc-n micelles compared to its analogues, quaternized derivatives of 1,4‑diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO-n), was established. The hydrophobic dye Orange OT and drugs quercetin and rutin were solubilized in micellar Q-Nuc-n solutions better than in solutions of classical surfactant CTAB and its analogue DABCO-n. Solubilization capacity of Q-Nuc-18 is 5 times higher than that of classical surfactant CTAB. Q-Nuc-18 1.95 μg·mL−1 has also bactericidal and fungicidal activity 2 times (against S. aureus 209P) and 8 times (against B. cereus 8035) higher than antibiotics Norfloxacin and antifungal Ketoconazole. Q-Nuc-16 has the highest bactericidal activity. It is 6 times (against S. aureus 209P) and 15 times (against B. cereus 8035) higher than the bactericidal activity value of Norfloxacin. Synthesized cationic surfactants based on quinuclidine are new multifunctional biocompatible compounds with high potential in nanomedicine and biotechnology

Metallomicellar Systems Based on the Complexes of 1-Hexadecyl-4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Bromide with Transition Metal Nitrates

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Potentiometry, fluorimetry, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the aggregation properties of the complexes 1-hexadecyl-4-aza-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bromide with transition metal nitrates [Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and La(III)]. The critical micelle concentrations, aggregation numbers, the degree of counterion binding to micelles, the size of aggregates, and electrokinetic potentials were determined. The complexes exhibited a high antimicrobial activity, and some of them proved to be more potent than the reference drugs

Integration of plasmonic nanoparticles in 3D printing

Compression molding is an effective high volume and net-shape fabrication method for aspherical lenses and precision glass optical components in general. Geometrical deviation (or curve change as often referred to in industry) incurred during heating, molding, and cooling processes is a critically important manufacturing quality parameter. In the compression glass molding process, there are many factors that could lead to curve change in final products, such as thermal expansion, stress and structural relaxation, and inhomogeneous temperature distribution inside the molding machine. In this research, an integrated numerical simulation scheme was developed to predict curve change in molded glass aspherical lenses. The geometrical deviation in the final lens shape was analyzed using both an experimental approach and a numerical simulation with a finite element method program. Specifically, numerical simulation was compared with experimental results to validate the proposed manufacturing approach. The measurements showed that the difference between numerical simulation and experimental results was less than 2 mu m. Based on the comparison, the mold curve was revised using numerical simulation in order to produce more accurate lens shapes. The glass lenses molded using the compensated molds showed a much better agreement with the design value than the lenses molded without compensation. It has been demonstrated in this research that numerical simulation can be used to predict the final geometrical shape of compression molded precision glass components. This research provided an opportunity for optical manufacturers to achieve a lower production cost and a shorter cycle time

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ КИНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА РОСТА ШТАММОВ ARTHROBACTER SULFONIVORANS И СИНТЕЗА ВНЕКЛЕТОЧНОЙ БЕТА-ГАЛАКТОЗИДАЗЫ

The data are presented on kinetic correlations of the growth of parent and lactose-adapted strains of bacteria Arthrobacter sulfonivorans and the production of extracellular beta-galactosidase. It was found that the adapted strain BIM B-499-D was distinguished by a shorter lag phase than the parent strain BIM B-2242 by a reduced period of reaching a maximum specific growth rate (μmax = 0.316–0.319 h–1) and a stationary phase of culture. Synthesis of extracellular enzyme in both strains occurred during the exponential growth phase and attained a peak specific rate (εmax = 0.247–0.250 U · mg–1 · h–1) with a 6 h time interval. BIM B-499-D exceeds BIM B-22421.6 times in the level of enzyme biosynthesis and in the duration of the process – 1.3 times. The kinetic parameters of growth (tµmax = 6–9 h) and beta-galactosidase production (tεmax = 18–24 h) established for the examined strains indicate the disconnection of processes in time at least by 12–15 h.  Представлены данные, характеризующие рост исходного БИМ В-2242 и адаптированного к лактозе БИМ В-499-Д штаммов бактерий Arthrobacter sulfonivorans и синтеза ими внеклеточной бета-галактозидазы. Установлено, что адаптированный штамм характеризуется более короткой, чем исходный штамм, лагфазой, раньше достигает максимальной удельной скорости роста (μmax = 0,316–0,319 ч–1) и стационарной фазы развития. Синтез вне-клеточного фермента у обоих штаммов протекает в экспоненциальной фазе роста и достигает одинаковой максимальной удельной скорости (εmax = 0,247–0,250 ед · мг–1 · ч–1) со сдвигом, составляющим 6 ч. При этом штамм БИМ В-499-Д по уровню синтеза фермента в 1,6 раза превосходит штамм БИМ В-2242 при меньшей в 1,3 раза длительности процесса. Кинетические параметры роста (tµmax = 6–9 ч) исследуемых штаммов и образования ими бета-галакто-зидазы (tεmax = 18–24 ч) указывают на разобщенность процессов во времени не менее чем на 12–15 ч. 

One-pot embedding of iron oxides and Gd(III) complexes into silica nanoparticles—Morphology and aggregation effects on MRI dual contrasting ability

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. The present work introduces one-pot synthetic route to join ultra-small iron oxides (6 nm) with Gd(III) complexes in small (∼30 nm) silica nanoparticles with high longitudinal and transverse relaxivity values (r1 = 34.7 mM−1 s−1 and r2 = 64.7 mM−1 s−1 at 0.47 T). The design of the nanoparticles is based on the core-shell morphology, where the Gd(III) complexes were doped into the exterior silica layer. The doping mode is the reason for an efficient interfacial hydration and the small suppressing of r1 by iron oxides. The measurements on the whole body scanner at 1.5 T confirm the high contrasting abilities of T1 (Gd) and T2 (iron oxide) components in the nanoparticles. Poor aggregation behavior of the nanoparticles in water is due to high electrokinetic potential value (−78 mV). Greater aggregation of the nanoparticles in the buffer solutions of bovine serum albumin enhances the disturbing effect of iron oxides on the longitudinal relaxation and facilitates the transverse relaxation. The higher surface activity of the nanoparticles results in their greater cytotoxicity versus the silica coated iron oxides, although the cytotoxicity is low in the concentration range which is within the region of interest for MRI technique